User:Fried biter/workspace

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Fried biter/workspace

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Recipe
60 + 40 + 5 → 41 + 2
Total raw
60 + 40 + 5
Prototype type	recipe
Internal name	kovarex-enrichment-process
Required technologies
Produced by

Kovarex濃縮プロセス(Kovarex enrichment process)は、ウランを遠心分離機で再精製する方法。開始には大量の(より希少な)ウラン-235を要求するが、利用可能なウラン鉱石をより効率良く使うための良い手段となる。

目的

ウラン濃縮処理は10ウラン鉱石から、ウラン-2351つを0.007(0.7%)の確率で、ウラン-2381つを0.993(99.3%)の確率で精製すると期待される。(保証はされない！) ざっくり143精製サイクルごとにウラン-235が1単位となる(もしくは、U-235とU-238が約1:142の比率)。これは今の所ゲーム内で唯一の確率的クラフトレシピとなる。

ウラン-235は燃料棒や原子爆弾の制作に必要で、特に後者は大量に必要なのだが、ウラン濃縮処理の確率分布はゆっくりとしか(U-235を)生成させてくれず、副産物のU-238が山のように積み上がることになる。Kovarex濃縮処理は、プレイヤーがより高速に(そして決定論的に)U-235を精製する手段であり、しかも余ったU-238を利用できる。

U-238が用無しというわけではないのに注意。これらは劣化ウラン弾薬、劣化ウラン砲弾、炸裂ウラン砲弾を作るのに必要(そして十分)で、燃料棒の2番めの原材料としても必要になる。だから、Kovarex濃縮で全てのU-238をU-235に変換してしまわないように(まあ、もし足りなくなっても、使用済み燃料棒を再利用すればそれなりの量のU-

開始の必要条件(ウラン精製)

Unlike all other crafting processes in the game, Uranium processing creates U-235 and U-238 based on probability, rather than in guaranteed deterministic amounts. Additionally, the Kovarex process requires a bulk stockpile of 40 units of the rare Uranium-235 isotope to initiate in a single centrifuge. Therefore, planning uranium mining and processing for the Kovarex process takes certain considerations not encountered elsewhere in the game.

期待値

As U-235 is created in centrifuges running Uranium processing with p = 0.007, the expected number of processing cycles to gain a single unit is E(1,p) = 1 ÷ p = ~143. The expected number of cycles to gain 40 units is then E(40,p) = 40 × E(1,p) = ~5,714 cycles. Note that running this many cycles requires mining 57,140 Uranium ore, a non-trivial task.

However, given the nature of probability, it is impossible to guarantee that 40 units will be reached in this number of cycles; as a matter of fact, some mathematics yields that the probability that 5,714 cycles will produce at least 40 units of U-235 is only about 52%.

信頼水準

Probability of reaching 40 U-235 from Uranium processing by number of cycles (click to enlarge)

Some further mathematics enables one to calculate the number of Uranium processing cycles one must run to obtain at least 40 units of U-235 (given p = 0.007) with a given level of confidence (probability of achieving the set goal).

As discussed in the previous section, the level of confidence corresponding to 5,714 cycles (for which the expected value of U-235 gained is 40) happens to be about 52% (or, in other words, with this number of cycles, one can expect to fail to reach 40 U-235 a bit less than once out of every 2 tries).

Some further example confidence levels that may be of interest to players are given in the table below. Consult the chart to the right for custom values.

Confidence level	Failures	Cycles required
10%	9 out of 10	4,595
50%	1 out of 2	5,667
90%	1 out of 10	6,894
95%	1 out of 20	7,272
99%	1 out of 100	8,015

豆知識

• The Kovarex enrichment process is named after Michal Kovařík, lead designer of Factorio and co-owner of Wube, whose online nick is kovarex (which he usually spells lowercase). [1]

• In the real world, Uranium-235 is the only fissile isotope of uranium and makes up approximately 0.72% of naturally-occurring uranium, with the other 99.28% being Uranium-238. The in-game representation is thus highly accurate in this regard. Uranium is commonly enriched in centrifuges to increase the percentage of 235U for use in fission reactions.
• Uranium munitions are made from depleted uranium, a byproduct of uranium enrichment, which is mostly 238U whose natural admixture of the 235U isotope has been lowered even further through the enrichment process. Depleted uranium is minimally radioactive and the reason for its use in munitions is its very high density and other mechanical properties, not radioactivity / toxicity.

関連項目

• ウラン-235
• ウラン濃縮処理