Quality

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Space Age expansion exclusive feature.

Quality is a feature of the Space Age expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the producing structure. The two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond in the tooltip.

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independent of most Space Age content.

Quality tiers

There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:

• Normal (0)
• Uncommon (1)
• Rare (2)
• Epic (3)
• Legendary (5)

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

Technologies

Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.

Research	Base Game	Space Age	Unlocks
Quality module (research)	60 x 300	30 x 500
Epic quality (research)	60 x 5000	60 x 5000
Legendary quality (research)	60 x 5000	60 x 5000

Quality effects

The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:

• +30% health
• +30% crafting speed
• +30% robot limit (rounded down)
• +30% robot recharge rate (both number and speed, rounded down)
• +30% positive module effects (rounded down for at least quality modules)
• +10% turret range
• +10% weapon range
• +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
• +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
• +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
• +30% increased ammo damage
• +30% inserter rotation speed
• Reduced resource depletion on miners (resource drain is reduced by 1/6, or 16,6%)
  • This is multiplicative with productivity
• +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
• +30% output rate on boilers, steam engines, steam turbines, accumulators (also affects input rate), and nuclear reactors
  • Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
• −16% power consumption on beacons
• +1 to both continous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in radars
• +100% durability on consumable items (repair packs, science packs)
• +5% fork chance on the tesla turret and tesla ammo for the tesla gun

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) Productivity module 3 (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings, such as Transport belts and Walls, only gain increased health.

Creating high-quality items

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

Quality ingredients

Recipes that create items have variations for each quality that the item might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon iron plates with rare batteries to make an accumulator of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same lubricant can be used to create electric engine units of any quality.

Quality modules

Main article: Quality module

Quality modules allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

Quality Module
	+1%	+1.3%	+1.6%	+1.9%	+2.5%
	+2%	+2.6%	+3.2%	+3.8%	+5%
	+2.5%	+3.2%	+4%	+4.7%	+6.2%

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to improve quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance in decimal format, for each level of research these are the expected outputs.

Quality module (research)

Output Input
	1 - Q	Q * 9/10	Q * 1/10
	-	1 - Q	Q
	-	-	1

Epic quality (research)

Output Input
	1 - Q	Q * 9/10	Q * 9/100	Q * 1/100
	-	1 - Q	Q * 9/10	Q * 1/10
	-	-	1 - Q	Q
	-	-	-	1

Legendary quality (research)

Output Input
	1 - Q	Q * 9/10	Q * 9/100	Q * 9/1000	Q * 1/1000
	-	1 - Q	Q * 9/10	Q * 9/100	Q * 1/100
	-	-	1 - Q	Q * 9/10	Q * 1/10
	-	-	-	1 - Q	Q
	-	-	-	-	1

Examples

2×

→ Q = 4%

Output Input
	96%	3.6%	0.4%
	-	96%	4%
	-	-	100%

4×

→ Q = 10%

Output Input
	90%	9%	0.9%	0.09%	0.01%
	-	90%	9%	0.9%	0.1%
	-	-	90%	9%	1%
	-	-	-	90%	10%
	-	-	-	-	100%

4×

→ Q = 24.8%

Output Input
	75.2%	22.32%	2.232%	0.2232%	0.0248%
	-	75.2%	22.32%	2.232%	0.248%
	-	-	75.2%	22.32%	2.48%
	-	-	-	75.2%	24.8%
	-	-	-	-	100%

Optimal module usage

It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the recycler only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts needed to produce 1 legendary output(s) using Normal, Uncommon, Rare, Epic, and Legendary Quality module 3s and Productivity module 3s, respectively, with matching Quality module 3 recycling.

Machines with 0% base productivity and 4 module slots (Assembling machine 3) and 50% base and 5 module slots (Electromagnetic plant, Foundry etc) are considered.

Base Prod.	No. of	No. of	Crafts
0%	0	4	1546
0%	1	3	1655
0%	2	2	1933
0%	3	1	2583
0%	4	0	4505
50%	0	5	310
50%	1	4	327
50%	2	3	365
50%	3	2	437
50%	4	1	584
50%	5	0	949

Base Prod.	No. of	No. of	Crafts
0%	0	4	900
0%	1	3	889
0%	2	2	970
0%	3	1	1220
0%	4	0	2007
50%	0	5	171
50%	1	4	168
50%	2	3	175
50%	3	2	196
50%	4	1	246
50%	5	0	377

Base Prod.	No. of	No. of	Crafts
0%	0	4	538
0%	1	3	489
0%	2	2	496
0%	3	1	583
0%	4	0	897
50%	0	5	100
50%	1	4	91
50%	2	3	89
50%	3	2	92
50%	4	1	108
50%	5	0	153

Base Prod.	No. of	No. of	Crafts
0%	0	4	368
0%	1	3	307
0%	2	2	288
0%	3	1	314
0%	4	0	446
50%	0	5	68
50%	1	4	58
50%	2	3	52
50%	3	2	51
50%	4	1	55
50%	5	0	71

Base Prod.	No. of	No. of	Crafts
0%	0	4	189
0%	1	3	133
0%	2	2	108
0%	3	1	101
0%	4	0	120
50%	0	5	36
50%	1	4	27
50%	2	3	21
50%	3	2	18
50%	4	1	16
50%	5	0	18

Derivation

Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:

(1 + P) * (1 - Q)	(1 + P) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))	(1 + P) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2))	(1 + P) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3))	(1 + P) * (Q * 10-3)
(1 + P) * (1 - Q)	(1 + P) * Q * 9/10	(1 + P) * Q * 9/100	(1 + P) * Q * 9/1000	(1 + P) * Q * 1/1000

For example, with no productivity bonus and a Q of 5%:

Output Input
	0.95	0.045	0.0045	0.00045	0.00005

Similar tables can be derived for higher quality starting ingredients.

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

(1 + -0.75) * (1-Q)	(1 + -0.75) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))	(1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2))	(1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3))	(1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10-3)
0.25 * (1-Q)	0.25 * Q * 9/10	0.25 * Q * 9/100	0.25 * Q * 9/1000	0.25 * Q * 1/1000

For example, recycling with a Q of 25%:

Output Input
	0.1875	0.05625	0.005625	0.0005625	0.0000625

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see Stochastic Matrix on wikipedia) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

	I	I	I	I	I	P	P	P	P	P
I	0	0	0	0	0	1.125	0.3375	0.03375	0.003375	0.000375
I	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.125	0.3375	0.03375	0.00375
I	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.125	0.3375	0.0375
I	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.125	0.375
I	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.5
P	0.1875	0.5625	0.005625	0.0005625	0.0000625	0	0	0	0	0
P	0	0.1875	0.05625	0.005625	0.000625	0	0	0	0	0
P	0	0	0.1875	0.05625	0.00625	0	0	0	0	0
P	0	0	0	0.1875	0.0625	0	0	0	0	0
P	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

Usage tips

Using quality to increase production

There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:

• Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
• Increasing the quality of speed modules will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
• Increasing the quality of productivity modules will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
• Increasing the quality of beacons will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where electronic circuits are made using one electromagnetic plant with five productivity module 3s, which is surrounded by 12 beacons with two speed module 3s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered express transport belt). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half turbo transport belts with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

Using quality to save space

Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a space platform, where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

Relevant Factorio Friday Facts

• FFF 375 - Quality
• FFF 376 - Research and Technology

Trivia

• Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the player character.
  • Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled biter eggs, captive biter spawners, and pentapod eggs inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters chose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

History

• 2.0.7:
  • Introduced in Space Age expansion.