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:''For the research see [[Railway (research)]]''
'''ベルト輸送システム(Belt transport system)'''は、アイテムを異なる場所の間で輸送するために[[player/ja|プレイヤー]]が最初に触れることとなるシステム。[[Railway/ja|列車]]、[[Logistic network/ja|物流ロボット]]と並んで、Factorioにおけるアイテム輸送システムを構成している。
The Railway is one of the main transport methods in Factorio. Although the installation of such a network can be complicated, and requires a large amount of resource and space, it is faster and more efficient than [[Belt transport system|belts]] and [[Logistic network|robot logistics]], especially over large distances.
Railway construction, however, is not understood instantly. It takes some time to learn the basics, such as automating transportation. Learning how to manage and maintain upkeep of a larger train network takes time and experience.
== Infrastructure ==
To build a railway, tracks (also called rails) must be built for the train to ride on. Typically, this is done via the [[rail planner]], but can also be done manually. Bear in mind that rails are placed on a two-tile grid, so a rail cannot be moved by only one tile.
=== Minimum manually operated railway ===
As a minimum a manually operated railway has to consist of:
* [[Rail]]s (tracks)
* [[Locomotive]]s
Locomotives can be entered and then manually operated by standing next to them and pressing the {{Key|ENTER}} button.
=== Switches ===
* There is no visual representation of a working switch, however the rails will appear to merge. Using the rail planner, the player must place a [[rail]] overlapping an existing rail to form a switch. Switches are forks in tracks that allow a train to pick between two directional options.
* The crossing of two straight tracks is not usable as switch, as trains have a limited turning radius. They do, however, connect [[Rail signal| signal blocks]] which helps prevent collisions.
* Parallel tracks do not interact with each other. However, switching from one track to the other can require extra resources if they are too close together; the track must turn away from the other parallel track and then turn back to it. This can create complicated networks of signals and, as such, one should generally not build parallel tracks unless they are spaced adequately. (Generally, 2 track widths apart works well)
[[File:fff-140-controlled-gates.gif|thumb|An example of a safe railway crossing.]]
=== Crossing tracks ===
'''Be careful when crossing tracks! Trains are one of the highest damaging entities in the game, and will kill most players instantly on contact.'''
A checklist of proper track crossing etiquette:
# Zoom out, so that you can see a train coming.
# Look left, then right.
# Check for signals nearby: If a [[rail signal]] suddenly jumps from green to red or green to yellow, a train is coming. Do not cross.
# Avoid walking near the tracks, as you do not need to be fully on the tracks to get hit.
# While it is possible to get into/out of a train while it is moving, a miss can cost your life. The sides of the train can still deal damage, as well as the player being able to slip between two rail cars.
# Heavy [[Energy shield|shields]] can be used to reduce the damage taken. In extreme cases, it is possible to stop a train with your body. This will require several shield modules to not be instantly killed, and will drain a large amount of the suit's energy.
# All entities with health will take damage getting hit by a train, so take care not to leave a [[Car]] or [[Tank]] on the tracks. However, this includes hostile forces!
# Trains far from a [[train stop]] will be traveling at (near) max speed, so take extra precaution when crossing and zoom out further. Trains near a [[train stop]] or signal will slow down to stop, and will be traveling slower. Trains of different configurations will also move slower or faster.
A safe railroad crossing like the example shown in the picture can be built. This works by restricting access to the tracks when an oncoming train has the rails reserved. When the player is on the rails, the signals are reserved by the [[circuit network]], and the train must stop and wait until the player leaves the tracks. When a player is inside the area crossing the tracks, the train gates are closed so the player can't get on the tracks outside the crossing. This is to completely ensure a safe crossing, and is often used on servers.
* Trains can have more than one locomotive, and any number of [[Wagon]]s.
* Locomotives can be '''manually''' driven forwards or backwards, however, they are generally slower going backwards. The left and right movement keys are used to change direction at switches.
* Trains can only drive forwards automatically. An automatic train can drive forwards and backwards when two locomotives facing different directions are connected to the train.
* A train needs [[fuel]] to drive. Fuel can be added by inserters when the train is in manual mode or parked at a station, not when waiting at a signal or standing on automatic mode.
The locomotives' inventory is only used for [[fuel]]. To transport items or fluids [[cargo wagon]]s and/or [[fluid wagon]]s have to be attached to the train. To attach rolling stock, whether a wagon or a locomotive, the player may either prepare to place one near an existing train, where a green graphic will show the player that the stock will be attached, showing a connection between the train and the new stock. Alternatively, the player may manually connect rolling stock to trains with the rolling stock connect key, if the cargo wagon was placed far away from a train. Rolling stock can likewise be disconnected with the rolling stock disconnect key. The cargo wagons can be filled or emptied manually or by up to twelve adjacent [[Inserters]] (six on each side), while fluid wagons can be filled or emptied with up to three [[pump]]s, which will automatically connect to the nipples on top.
== 搬送ベルトの種類 ==
{{clear}}
以下はFactorioで利用できる搬送ベルト全てのチャート。
== Stations ==
[[File:station-example-1.png|thumb|right|256px|A very minimal train station.]]
Station Components:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|{{Imagelink|Train stop}} || {{Imagelink|Straight rail|Rail|Rails}} || {{Imagelink|Inserter|Inserters}} or {{Imagelink|pump|pump|Pumps}}
A '''train station''' is a combination of at least one [[train stop]] plus a [[storage]] and/or distribution system, used to fill or empty [[cargo wagon]]s and/or [[fluid wagon]]s, load [[fuel]] into the [[Locomotive|locomotive(s)]], load ammunition into [[artillery wagon]]s, or repair trains.
'''Don't mix up ''train stations'' with ''train stops''.''' A train station is a concept, whereas a [[train stop]] is an item.
== ベルトの階級(Tier) ==
[[Inserter]]s placed next to train tracks are used to load/unload trains at train stops. Inserters are the only way to automatically get items out of and into cargo and artillery wagons; pumps are the only way to automatically get fluids into and out of fluid wagons.
3種類の階級のベルトが使える。[[transport belt/ja|搬送ベルト]]は黄色くて一番遅いが、同時に一番製造コストが安い。次の階級は赤い[[fast transport belt/ja|高速搬送ベルト]]で、通常の2倍速。[[express transport belt/ja|超高速搬送ベルト]]は最も階級が高く、青色で通常の3倍、もしくは赤ベルトの1.5倍。
Understanding rail signals can be difficult. Several terms critical to understanding them are below:
*Rail segment
: A piece of track (one item).
*Segment
: A single path of continuous track without intersections or switches. This becomes important when signals are employed. The player may mouse over a segment to see its number. It's number is unique within the world, however does not start from 0 or 1.
*Block
: A set of segments defined by rail signals. By default every connected segment belongs to one block, no matter whether a train can drive on it or not, and even if it can be driven only in one direction (e.g. at a switch, both segments of the switch belong to the same block). The blocks are shown as colored lines on the rails when the player holds a rail or rail chain signal.
Rail signals are used to employ multiple trains automatically. Note that driving a train manually ignores most of the rules described here; other automatic trains will follow signaling indicted by the player's movement dynamically, however it will sometimes be not possible to avoid a collision for automatic trains if the player ignores red/yellow signals. Always beware automatic trains and give them the right of way.
'''See [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=3811#p28310 this forum post]''' for a good explanation about blocks.
=== Basic Signaling Rules ===
* There can only be one train in a block at any time. A train spanning multiple blocks occupies them all.
* A red signal means that the following block is occupied by a train.
* A yellow signal means that a train is approaching and already has the approval to enter the following block.
* [[Rail signal]]s separate a new block and reflect its state: green - free, yellow - reserved, red - occupied
* [[Rail chain signal]]s separate a new block and reflect the state of the next [[Rail signal]](s): see above, blue - at least one of the paths is blocked, but not all
* A train can only pass a signal on the right of the track, or if there is a signal on both sides on the same rail segment. Of course, manual driving overrides this.
{{clear}}
== Deadlocks ==
A deadlock or gridlock can happen when every train is locked by another. In nearly every case two or more trains are standing so that every train blocks (by minimum) one other train.
=== Deadlock occurrence ===
Deadlocks occur when two or more trains are prevented from continuing through an intersection, due to an unsolvable signal conflict. There are a few different types of deadlocks:
# Temporary - These are caused by a temporary hiccup in a train's path, such as a loading train being in the way, or created by closing a signal with the [[circuit network]]. These often resolve themselves.
# Semi-permanent - These are the result of a problem with pathing, often created by a fuel-less train or broken rail, and may require player interaction to resolve, or (in the case of broken rails) may be corrected automatically by construction robots.
# Permanent - This type is the worst, and cannot be resolved automatically, often requiring the player to manually drive several trains to get them out of the intersection. These often are caused by incorrect signal placement or unreachable stations.
It's important to remember that deadlocks can happen by chance, and by mistake of the player. Sometimes even perfectly signaled rails have issues. The rate of deadlocks is inversely proportional to the quality of signaling, however.
=== Factors that influence the deadlock chance ===
* Train length (shorter trains will have a lower chance with the same rail/signal layout, due to having less effect on the rails they're on.)
* Size of the blocks: More space for the blocks means lower chance of deadlock.
* Track layout: Some layouts have a higher chance of locking than others.
* Quantity of trains - More trains trying to use an intersection will result in higher chance of deadlock.
* The chance is also much higher if trains need to wait often in areas with rail-crossings.
Knowing the factors, how can deadlocks be reduced?
* Don't use 4-way junctions or roundabouts (circles) to create junctions.
* Use better 3-way junctions. See [http://www.factorioforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=9044 A Detailed Look at a Bidirectional Three-way Train Intersection]
* Use roundabouts only for changing direction of train, and never for high traffic intersections.
* Build more tracks around junctions. Don't have one junction be the only way to reach a place, add redundancy. This keeps a small problem a small problem.
== Automated transport ==
[[File:train-schedule-gui.png|thumb|300px|The scheduale tab in the train GUI: 1 - switch between automatic and manual driving mode; 2 - add new train station; 3 - delete selected station; 4 - send train to selected station; 5 - add wait condition for selected station; 6 - delete selected wait condition; 7 - change logical mode of selected wait condition]]
Trains set on "Automatic" choose their destination stop and route on departure, and after waiting at a chain signal for five seconds, and when their destination stop disables itself by circuit condition. They choose the shortest route using a [[Railway/Train_path_finding|path finding algorithm]] that will get them to an enabled train stop with the right name, taking penalties for any apparent-at-the-time delays into account. If no such train stop exists they will skip the stop and go on to the next.
=== ベルトの合流・分岐 ===
This section covers items used to make trains automatically transport items between stations. The player should be familiar with creating a rail system.
First, the player has to setup a rail system with at least two train stops, which are placed in the right-hand side of the expected train arrival direction. By hovering over the train stop with the mouse you see the positions of the vehicles for better setting up the train station (including (un)loading machinery, refueling/repair installations).
When you set up the train schedule (see below) and fuel the train, you can start the train on it's schedule by switching from manual to automatic driving mode.
The player can set up a list of train stations in the upper window. The train will route to stops in the given order, if it's at the end it will continue with the first. Currently, it's not possible to make a one-time schedule. Stations can be added by clicking button 2 (see picture). A pop-up appears with a list of all stop names. If you select one, another pop-up appears for you to select a wait condition.
Wait conditions are used to tell the train when to leave the station. There are 7 types of wait conditions:
* '''Inventory full''' - All inventories of the train are full.
* '''Inventory empty''' - Same as above, but empty.
* '''Item count''' - The train (all cargoes summed) contains a specific amount of a certain item.
* '''Circuit condition''' - The train stop is connectable to the [[Circuit network]], so the signals can used for wait conditions.
* '''Inactivity''' - No items were added or removed for the specified amount of seconds.
* '''Fluid count''' - The train (all fluid wagons summed) contains a specific amount of a certain fluid.
Hereafter the word "term" is used to describe ''one'' type of wait condition, and the words "wait condition" are used to describe the whole set of terms (it turns a bit into maths).
If you add more than one term, you can change the connection of those using the logical operators AND and OR (button 7). An AND condition will result in true if all terms are true. An OR condition will return true if at least one of the terms is true.
=== ベルトスループット ===
[[File:Stack inserters fill express belt.gif|frame|right|[[stack inserter/ja|スタックインサータ]]4つで超高速ベルトを満載できる。左の2つはスタックサイズ12、右の2つはスタックサイズ7。]]
スループットの最大化は、ベルトを効率化するために重要である。そのため、いくつかの定義を導入しよう。
When mixing AND and OR terms, the logic is grouped by the OR terms. When evaluating the wait condition, the first term is evaluated along with all AND terms immediately following up to but excluding the next occurring OR term. If they all evaluate true, the wait condition evaluates true. Otherwise, evaluation continues with that next occurring OR term and all AND terms immediately following it, up to the next OR term. This continues until either an OR group evaluates true and the wait condition is satisfied, or all terms have been checked.
Factorio's wait condition logic is read as disjunctive normal form ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunctive_normal_form DNF]), and so this last example is processed as (note the parenthesis):
=== 機構 ===
<pre>((Cargo: Iron ore < 500 AND 30 seconds passed) OR (Cargo: Copper ore < 500 AND 30 seconds passed))</pre>
* Another train on the same [[Railway#Segment|segment]] or [[Railway#Block|block]]? Make sure the path of the train is unobstructed.
* Train stops placed correctly? Make sure that the yellow arrows when hovering on the stop point towards the end or exit of the stop.
* Is the train allowed to enter signals from the right direction? Are the signals set correctly?
* If a track is supposed to be two-way, the rail signals should be opposite each other. You can verify they match up by hovering the cursor over one. For a matched pair, it will show the other.
==== No path ====
=== バランシング ===
When trains cannot reach the target, a "no path" symbol pops up over the locomotive. Check:
* Can the train reach its current destination by '''only driving forward'''? Build turning slopes or place a locomotive at both ends of a train!
* Are the train stops standing in the right direction? Train stops must be on the right hand side of the track.
* If you use rail signals, check that the signals are all allowing traffic in the correct direction.
* Check for interruptions in the train tracks, drive to the station manually to check there are no rail parts missing. Especially near junctions these can be hard to spot if missing.
If you are still having problems, consider:
{{Main|Balancer mechanics/ja|l1=バランシング機構}}
* Driving the train manually, and as you pass each switch, try switching to automatic. When it works, you will know the rough area of the problem.
[http://imgur.com/a/Nq2Yk A pictorial summary of typical problems].
<!-- These tutorials are no longer included because they are outdated. However, this section can be put back into the article when there are newer or in-wiki tutorials
分配器は、複数本のベルトや複数個のベルトレーンを均等に分配するためにも利用できる。
== User tips and tricks ==
=== ベルトレーン操作 ===
This section contains further links to in-depth knowledge. As a general advisory, tips given in this section detail the more intricate mechanics in the game and can be dangerous to the experience of players who wish to discover better methods on their own. '''''Be warned that much of the info below could be outdated/incorrect.'''''
We recommend viewing some videos of how to build a simple railway, which makes the basic steps very simple.
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXr7y02ZG00 Rail Signaling - Easy Rules for Placing Signals]
Underground belts can be used to cross different flows of items without interfering. They move items like a [[Transport belts/ja|通常のベルト]].
* [http://www.factorioforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=54&t=6984 Factorio Tutorial: Signals and Multi-train Networks] by Gepwin (read the whole article!)
* [http://www.factorioforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=5451 Factorio Traintorial, all about trains] by Gepwin.
* ''v0.10, English [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSGYSbEPpbM Rail basics tutorial] by MangledPork Gaming.
** And the second part of the tutorial [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6wxl4FdSuQ Factorio Rail Tutorial Part 2: Signals]
* ''[http://www.reddit.com/r/factorio/comments/26igal/train_signal_tutorial/ A train-signal tutorial with pictures].
* Underground belts can cross any number of entities and all types of ground, like water and grass. (as long as the input and output endpoints are on land)
* v0.8, English [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmyOdxi5hR4 Inzainia Plays: Factorio ver 0.8.0 EP:8 (Trains, Trains, Trains!!!)]
* Underground belts can cross other underground entities (any number of underground belts or underground pipes). They won't be mixed.
* v0.6, German [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idOaZpX8lnA Silver's Factorio Basic Train Tutorial]
* For the connection only the endpoints (entry-side and exit-side) are relevant.
* The maximum distance underground is 8 [[tile/ja|tile]]s with [[express underground belt/ja|超高速地下搬送ベルト]]s.
* An underground belt pair of that bridges a gap of 4 tiles stores up to 44 items. An express underground belt pair at max length stores up to 72 items.
* The half of the underground belt tile with a belt can accept input from the side. The other half (with a tunnel entrance) blocks incoming items.
-->
=== ベルトレーン分岐 ===
<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:Block belt lane.png|This is built by placing one underground belt and then using R to reverse its direction. This converts the underground belt entrance to an exit (and vice versa).
File:Transport belts unmerge.gif|This can also be used to split the lanes of a belt onto seperate belts instead of using a splitter filter.
== Achievements ==
</gallery>
{{Achievement|trans-factorio-express}}
== Connection to [http://www.openttd.org/ OpenTTD] ==
== 関連項目 ==
Factorio's railway system works basically exactly like [http://wiki.openttd.org/Signals#Block_signals≈ the block signals in Open Traffic Tycoon Deluxe]. Players who have ever played that game will find some elements of it in Factorio. If not, they can learn from the OpenTTD documentation.
* [[Splitters/ja|分配器]]
* [[Transport belts/ja|搬送ベルト]]
* [[Underground belts/ja|地下搬送ベルト]]
== See also ==
<nowiki>{{C|Belt transport system}}</nowiki>
* [[Locomotive]]
* [[Cargo wagon]]
Latest revision as of 16:19, 24 September 2023
作業場/workspace
日本語話者の方、マサカリ投げてくださると助かります
ベルト輸送システム(Belt transport system)は、アイテムを異なる場所の間で輸送するためにプレイヤーが最初に触れることとなるシステム。列車、物流ロボットと並んで、Factorioにおけるアイテム輸送システムを構成している。
(訳注:0.16現在、"transport"は搬送ベルトについてのみ「搬送」と訳され、それ以外に於いては「輸送」と訳されている。以下では固有名詞以外は「輸送」に統一する)
Underground belts can be used to cross different flows of items without interfering. They move items like a 通常のベルト.
Underground belts can cross any number of entities and all types of ground, like water and grass. (as long as the input and output endpoints are on land)
Underground belts can cross other underground entities (any number of underground belts or underground pipes). They won't be mixed.
For the connection only the endpoints (entry-side and exit-side) are relevant.
An underground belt pair of that bridges a gap of 4 tiles stores up to 44 items. An express underground belt pair at max length stores up to 72 items.
The half of the underground belt tile with a belt can accept input from the side. The other half (with a tunnel entrance) blocks incoming items.
ベルトレーン分岐
This is built by placing one underground belt and then using R to reverse its direction. This converts the underground belt entrance to an exit (and vice versa).
This can also be used to split the lanes of a belt onto seperate belts instead of using a splitter filter.
レーンごとに異なるアイテムが載ったベルトのレーンを入れ替えている。
異なるアイテムが載ったレーンを分割する。
This is built by placing one underground belt and then using R to reverse its direction. This converts the underground belt entrance to an exit (and vice versa).
This can also be used to split the lanes of a belt onto seperate belts instead of using a splitter filter.