Quality
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Quality is a feature of the Space Age expansion, it introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of Quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using Quality modules in the producing structure, the two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis.
Quality tiers
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
Normal (0)
Uncommon (1)
Rare (2)
Epic (3)
Legendary (5)
Quality effects
The currently known effects of quality strength are as follows:
- +30% health
- +30% energy output
- +30% crafting speed
- +30% robot limit (rounded down)
- +30% robot recharge rate (both number and speed, rounded down)
- +30% positive module effects (rounded down for at least quality modules)
- +10% turret range
- +1 tile reach for power poles
- +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
- Larger inventory (unknown boost size)
- Increased ammo damage (30%?)
- Faster inserters
- Reduced resource depletion on miners (likely multiplicative in effect with productivity)
- Larger capacity on accumulators
- Increased output rate on nuclear reactors, boilers, and steam engines/turbines
- Reduced power consumption on beacons
- Larger scan range on radars
- +100% durability on consumable items (repair packs, science packs)
These effects are per quality strength and additive, a Legendary Productivity module 3 would grant 25% productivity.
Some buildings, such as Transport belts and Walls, only gain increased health.
Quality modules
Quality modules add 1%/2%/2.5% quality chance to a crafting machine, which allows resulting items to be a higher quality.
When working out the odds of improving quality, start with the sum of quality chance, then for each quality improvement multiply by the chance multiplier.
For 10% quality chance on 
Normal crafting recipe with all tiers unlocked, this gives the following odds:
- 90% Normal
- 9% Uncommon (10% Uncommon+)
- 0.9% Rare (1% Rare+)
- 0.09% Epic (0.1% Epic+)
- 0.01% Legendary
For 10% quality chance on 
Uncommon crafting recipe with all tiers unlocked, this gives the following odds:
- 90% Uncommon
- 9% Rare (10% Rare+)
- 0.9% Epic (1% Epic+)
- 0.1% Legendary
For 24.8% quality chance (4x
Legendary quality module 3), the odds are instead:
- 75.2% Normal
- 22.32% Uncommon (24.8% Uncommon+)
- 2.232% Rare (2.48% Rare+)
- 0.2232% Epic (0.248% Epic+)
- 0.0248% Legendary
When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.
Quality modules are only required to improve quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.
Optimal module usage
When using Assembling machine 3s with the goal of converting all input items to Legendary outputs, and feeding non-Legendary items through a Recycler with 4 quality modules (as recyclers can't take productivity modules), the optimal number of quality and productivity modules is as follows:
- If the quality modules offer less than 15% chance, use 4 quality modules
- If the quality modules offer 16% (Rare T3s) or 19% (Epic T3s), use 3 quality modules and 1 productivity module
- If the quality modules offer 25% (Legendary 3s), use 2 of each module
- If the quality modules offer exactly 15% (Legendary T2s):
- When the base quality of the inputs is Epic, use 4 quality modules
- When the base quality of the inputs is not Epic, use 3 quality modules
- If the productivity modules offer 1.5% or less and the base quality of the inputs is Rare, use 4 quality modules and not 3
It is also more optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the recycler only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).
