Transport belts
Basics
Transport belts are a core element in Factorio. They are used for transporting items in your factory. You put items at one place and take them down at another. In the simple setup below the transport belt is used to transport the iron ore from mining drills to the right where inserter picks it up and puts it into the furnace.
File:Transport-belt-intro-3.jpg
In most of the cases inserters must be used to put / pick things from the transport belts. However some entities (electric mining drill, burner mining drill) place items they produce (mine) directly on the transport belt - as you can see above.
Using two sides
Items can fit in onto the transport belt in two separate lines. This is particularly useful when feeding two different items for further processing to avoid overcrowding. Let's have a look at the example. In here we have both coal and iron ore on the same transport belt in two separate lines. The advantage of this setup is that it cannot happen to us that we will have too much of one resource and thus no space on the belt for the other. The inserter can take items from both lines and insert them into the furnace behind it.
File:Transport-belt-two-lines-1.jpg
Turns
It is guaranteed, that that turns keep the alignment of items.
File:Transport-belt-two-lines-2.jpg
Crossings
When belts are crossing, item stay on the side of the belt it came from.
File:Transport-belt-two-lines-3.jpg
Inserters
It is assured that inserters always put the items on the more distant part of the transport belt.
File:Transport-belt-two-lines-4.jpg
Speed
Basic transport belt
Basic transport is belt available from the start, it moves items approximately 1.8 tiles per second.
Fast transport belt
Avaiable when the logistics-2 technology is researched, it moves items twice the fast as basic transport belt.
Express transport belt
Avaiable when the logistics-3 technology is researched, it moves items three times faster than as basic transport belt.
File:Express-transport-belt.jpg
Underground belt
Underground belt can be used to cross different flows of items without interfering. Its maximum reach distance is 5 tiles.