Data types
This page describes common binary data types used by Factorio, and most modern day computer applications, internally.
Properties
Endianness
All data stored in computers are stored in single, small unit of data called a "byte". Larger units of data are split into multiple bytes. The order in which sequential bytes are assembled together to form a larger unit of data is referred to as it's "endianess". All data saved locally by Factorio is stored in "little"-endian format (because Intel favored little endian processors in the ancient times). All data transferred over the network by Factorio is done in "big"-endian format (the standard for network stuffs, so much so that it's often refered to as "network"-endian). (Please correct any of this if I'm wrong!!) For more information about endianness, please see the Wikipedia entry.
Signedness
Another property of large data types is it's signedness. Please see the wikipedia entry. By default, all data types used in Factorio are signed. Data types marked with a u- prefixed are unsigned. I'm not certain which type of signedness Factorio uses - perhaps it is machine dependant, but for me it always appears to be two's complement.
Data Types
boolean
A 1 byte value. Considered True iff value equals 1, otherwise it is considered False.
byte
1 byte long integer.
short
2 byte long integer.
int
4 byte long integer.
long
8 byte long integer.
double
An 8 byte (64 bit) long floating point number stored in a special format with two fields - the number's exponent, and it's mantissa. This format is described by the 64-bit data type in IEEE 754.
string
Strings in Factorio are stored Pascal-style - they're a variable length data type with two fields: an [#int] describing how long the string data is, and then the string data itself.