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User:Tertius3/Sandbox/railway/de

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Für die Erforschung siehe Eisenbahn (Forschung)

Die Eisenbahn ist eine der wichtigsten Transportmethoden in Factorio. Obwohl der Aufbau eines solchen Netzes kompliziert sein kann und viele Ressourcen und Platz benötigt, ist sie schneller und effizienter als Fließbänder und Logistiknetzwerk, vor allem über große Distanzen.

Der Eisenbahnbau ist etwas schwierig zu verstehen. Es braucht einige Zeit, um die Grundlagen zu erlernen, wie zum Beispiel die Automatisierung des Transports. Zu lernen, wie man ein größeres Eisenbahnnetz verwaltet und instand hält, braucht Zeit und Erfahrung.

Infrastruktur

Um eine Eisenbahn zu bauen, müssen Gleise (auch Schienen genannt) gebaut werden, auf denen der Zug fahren kann. Typischerweise wird dies über den Schienenplaner erledigt, kann aber auch manuell erfolgen. Beachte, dass Schienen auf einem Raster mit zwei Kacheln verlegt werden, so dass eine Schiene nicht um nur eine Kachel verschoben werden kann.

minimale manuell betriebene Bahn

Eine manuell betriebene Eisenbahn muss mindestens bestehen aus:

Lokomotiven können betreten und dann manuell bedient werden, indem man sich daneben stellt und die Taste ENTER drückt.

Weichen

  • Es gibt keine visuelle Darstellung einer in Betrieb befindlichen Weiche, jedoch scheinen die Schienen ineinander überzugehen. Mit Hilfe des Schienenplaners muss der Spieler eine Schiene über eine bestehende Schiene legen, um eine Weiche zu bilden. Weichen sind Gabelungen in Gleisen, die es einem Zug ermöglichen, zwischen zwei Richtungsoptionen zu wählen.
  • Die Kreuzung zweier gerader Gleise ist nicht als Weiche nutzbar, da Züge einen begrenzten Wenderadius haben. Sie verbinden jedoch Signalblöcke, was hilft, Kollisionen zu vermeiden.
  • Parallele Gleise beeinflussen sich nicht gegenseitig. Das Wechseln von einem Gleis auf das andere kann jedoch zusätzliche Ressourcen erfordern, wenn sie zu nahe beieinander liegen; das Gleis muss sich vom anderen parallelen Gleis abwenden und dann wieder zu ihm zurückkehren. Dies kann zu komplizierten Signalnetzwerken führen, und deshalb sollte man generell keine parallelen Gleise bauen, wenn sie nicht in ausreichendem Abstand zueinander liegen. (In der Regel ist ein Abstand von 2 Gleisbreiten ausreichend)

frame|Ein Beispiel für einen sicheren Bahnübergang.
[https://wiki.factorio.com/images/Fff-140-controlled-gates.gif Klicke hier] für die Vollbildversion des Bildes

Überqueren von Gleisen

Sei vorsichtig beim Überqueren von Gleisen! Züge sind eines der Objekte mit dem höchsten Schaden im Spiel und werden die meisten Spieler bei Kontakt sofort töten.

Eine Checkliste für das korrekte Verhalten beim Überqueren von Gleisen:

  1. Zoome heraus, so dass Du einen Zug kommen sehen kannst.
  2. Schaue erst nach links, dann nach rechts.
  3. Achte auf Signale in der Nähe: Wenn ein Zugsignal plötzlich von grün auf rot oder von grün auf gelb springt, kommt ein Zug. Nicht weitergehen.
  4. Vermeide es, in der Nähe der Gleise zu gehen, da Du nicht vollständig auf den Gleisen stehen musst, um angefahren zu werden.
  5. Es ist zwar möglich, während der Fahrt in einen Zug ein- oder auszusteigen, aber ein Fehltritt kann Dich das Leben kosten. Die Seiten des Zuges können immer noch Schaden verursachen, und der Spieler kann auch zwischen zwei Waggons geraten.
  6. Schwere Schilde können verwendet werden, um den erlittenen Schaden zu reduzieren. In extremen Fällen ist es möglich, einen Zug mit dem eigenen Körper zu stoppen. Dies erfordert mehrere Schildmodule, um nicht sofort getötet zu werden, und verbraucht einen großen Teil der Energie des Anzugs.
  7. Alle Einheiten mit Gesundheit nehmen Schaden, wenn sie von einem Zug getroffen werden, also achte darauf, kein Auto oder Panzer auf den Gleisen stehen zu lassen. Dies gilt jedoch auch für feindliche Kräfte!
  8. Züge, die weit von einer Zughaltestelle entfernt sind, fahren mit (fast) maximaler Geschwindigkeit, also sei besonders vorsichtig beim Überqueren und zoome weiter heraus. Nähert sich ein Zug einer Zughaltestelle oder einem Signal, wird er langsamer um anzuhalten, was die Reisegeschwindigkeit verringert. Züge mit unterschiedlichen Konfigurationen werden ebenfalls langsamer oder schneller fahren.

Ein sicherer Bahnübergang wie das im Bild gezeigte Beispiel kann gebaut werden. Dies funktioniert, indem der Zugang zu den Gleisen eingeschränkt wird, wenn ein entgegenkommender Zug die Schienen reserviert hat. Wenn sich der Spieler auf den Schienen befindet, werden die Signale durch das Schaltsnetzwerk reserviert, und der Zug muss anhalten und warten, bis der Spieler die Gleise verlässt. Befindet sich der Spieler innerhalb des Bereichs, in dem die Gleise überquert werden, werden die Zugschranken geschlossen, so dass der Spieler nicht auf die Gleise außerhalb des Übergangs gelangen kann. Dies dient dazu, einen sicheren Übergang vollständig zu gewährleisten, und wird häufig auf Servern verwendet.

Trains

Train components:

Locomotive.png
Lokomotive
Cargo wagon.png
Güterwaggon
Fluid wagon.png
Tankwaggon
Artillery wagon.png
Artilleriewaggon
Placing a Cargo wagon so it is attached to the train.
  • A train consists of at least one locomotive.
  • Trains can have more than one locomotive, and any number of wagons.
  • Locomotives can be manually driven forwards or backwards, however, they are generally slower going backwards. The left and right movement keys are used to change direction at switches.
  • Trains can only drive forwards automatically. An automatic train can drive forwards and backwards when two locomotives facing different directions are connected to the train.
  • A train needs fuel to drive. Fuel can be added by inserters when the train is in manual mode or parked at a station, not when waiting at a signal or standing on automatic mode.

The locomotives' inventory is only used for fuel. To transport items or fluids cargo wagons and/or fluid wagons have to be attached to the train. To attach rolling stock, whether a wagon or a locomotive, the player may either prepare to place one near an existing train, where a green graphic will show the player that the stock will be attached, showing a connection between the train and the new stock. Alternatively, the player may manually connect rolling stock to trains with the rolling stock connect key, if the cargo wagon was placed far away from a train. Rolling stock can likewise be disconnected with the rolling stock disconnect key.

Stations

A very minimal train station.

Train stations are the only place where trains can be loaded or unloaded when they are in automatic mode. Cargo wagons can be filled or emptied by up to twelve adjacent inserters (six on each side). Inserters can also be used to insert fuel into locomotives. Pumps are used to transfer fluid into and out of fluid wagons, only three pumps can attach to one fluid wagon at once.

Train stations are usually created by placing a train stop. Train stops must be on the right hand side of the track. However it is also possible to create a temporary train station by opening a locomotive's GUI and using STRG + Linke Maustaste near a rail in the minimap in the GUI or by entering a locomotive and using STRG + Linke Maustaste near a rail on the world map. This will create a station without requiring a train stop. The temporary train station has a default wait condition of 5 seconds and is removed from the schedule once the train leaves the station.

Signals

Rail signal.png
Zugsignal
Rail chain signal.png
Zug-Kettensignal

Rail signals are used to employ multiple trains automatically without the danger of trains crashing into each other. Rail signals split the network into blocks and ensure that only one train can be in every block at any time. Note that driving a train manually ignores all signals; so it is possible for automatic trains to crash into the player if the player ignores red/yellow signals. Always beware of automatic trains and give them the right of way.

The train signals tutorial contains an in-depth explanation of rail signals, blocks and deadlocks.

Basic signaling rules

  • There can only be one train in a block at any time. A train spanning multiple blocks occupies them all.
  • A red signal means that the following block is occupied by a train.
  • A yellow signal means that a train is approaching and already has the approval to enter the following block.
  • Rail signals separate a new block and reflect its state: green - free, yellow - reserved, red - occupied
  • Rail chain signals separate a new block and reflect the state of the next signal(s): see above, blue - at least one of the paths is blocked, but not all
  • A train can only pass a signal on the right of the track, or if there is a signal on both sides on the same rail segment. Of course, manual driving overrides this.

Automated transport

The wait condition tab in the locomotive's GUI.

Trains set on "Automatic" choose their destination stop and route on departure, and after waiting at a chain signal for five seconds, and when their destination stop disables itself by circuit condition. They choose the shortest route using a path finding algorithm that will get them to an enabled train stop with the right name, taking penalties for any apparent-at-the-time delays into account. If no such train stop exists they will skip the stop and go on to the next.

This section covers items used to make trains automatically transport items between stations. The player should be familiar with creating a rail system.

First, the player has to setup a rail system with at least two train stops, which are placed in the right-hand side of the expected train arrival direction. By hovering over the train stop with the mouse you see the positions of the vehicles for better setting up the train station (including (un)loading machinery, refueling/repair installations).

When you set up the train schedule (see below) and fuel the train, you can start the train on it's schedule by switching from manual to automatic driving mode.

Train schedule

The player can set up a list of train stations in the left locomotive's GUI. The train will route to stops in the given order, if it's at the end it will continue with the first. Stations can be added by clicking "Add station" in the GUI. A pop-up appears with a list of all stop names. If one is selected, another button appears which allows select a wait condition from a pop-up list. Furthermore, the map in the right part of the GUI can be used to add stations to the schedule by using UMSCHALT + Linke Maustaste on a station or using STRG + Linke Maustaste near a rail in the map to create a temporary train station. This actions can also be performed on the world map when the player is sitting in the train.

Wait conditions are used to tell the train when to leave the station. There are 7 types of wait conditions:

  • Time passed
  • Inventory full – All inventories of the train are full. Does not include fuel inventories.
  • Inventory empty – Same as above, but empty. Does not include fuel inventories.
  • Item count – The train (all cargoes summed) contains a specific amount of a certain item. Does not include fuel inventories.
  • Circuit condition – The train stop is connectable to the circuit network, so the signals can used for wait conditions.
  • Inactivity – No items were added or removed for the specified amount of seconds.
  • Fluid count – The train (all fluid wagons summed) contains a specific amount of a certain fluid.
  • Passenger present - At least one player is inside any part of the train.
  • Passenger not present - No players are inside any part of the train.

It is also possible to set no wait condition, this causes the train to simply pass by the station without stopping.

Hereafter the word "term" is used to describe one type of wait condition, and the words "wait condition" are used to describe the whole set of terms (it turns a bit into maths).

If more than one term is added, it is possible to change the connection of those using the logical operators AND and OR. An AND condition will result in true if all terms are true. An OR condition will return true if at least one of the terms is true.

When mixing AND and OR terms, the logic is grouped by the OR terms. When evaluating the wait condition, the first term is evaluated along with all AND terms immediately following up to but excluding the next occurring OR term. If they all evaluate true, the wait condition evaluates true. Otherwise, evaluation continues with that next occurring OR term and all AND terms immediately following it, up to the next OR term. This continues until either an OR group evaluates true and the wait condition is satisfied, or all terms have been checked.

Examples

Expand for examples

Wait until full, up to 30 seconds:

Full cargo inventory
OR 30 seconds passed

Wait until cargo full, or circuit condition Oil > 3000:

Full cargo inventory
OR Circuit condition - Oil > 3000

Wait until empty, and 30 seconds passed, and 5 seconds of inactivity:

Empty cargo inventory
AND 30 seconds passed
AND 5 seconds of inactivity

Wait until iron ore is low, or copper ore is low and at least 30 seconds passed:

Cargo: Iron ore < 500
AND 30 seconds passed
OR Cargo: Copper ore < 500
AND 30 seconds passed

Factorio's wait condition logic is read as disjunctive normal form (DNF), and so this last example is processed as (note the parenthesis):

((Cargo: Iron ore < 500 AND 30 seconds passed) OR (Cargo: Copper ore < 500 AND 30 seconds passed))

Which is the same as this:

((Cargo: Iron ore < 500 OR Cargo: Copper ore < 500) AND 30 seconds passed)

Unfortunately, there is no way to write that shorter form in the current UI.

Troubleshooting

Below are some things to verify if a rail system or train is not working.

  • Is the train fueled? Ensure that the locomotive has fuel of some kind.
  • Misplaced or non-functional switches? Ensure that the train can plan a path through the switches.
  • Another train on the same block? Make sure the path of the train is unobstructed.
  • Train stops placed correctly? Make sure that the yellow arrows when hovering on the stop point towards the end or exit of the stop.
  • Is the train allowed to enter signals from the right direction? Are the signals set correctly?
  • If a track is supposed to be two-way, the rail signals should be opposite each other. You can verify they match up by hovering the cursor over one. For a matched pair, it will show the other.

No path

When trains cannot reach the target, a "no path" symbol pops up over the locomotive. Check:

  • Can the train reach its current destination by only driving forward? Build turning slopes or place a locomotive at both ends of a train!
  • Are the train stops standing in the right direction? Train stops must be on the right hand side of the track (from the forward-facing locomotive's perspective). If the train is traveling south, the stop must be on the west side of the track.
  • If you use rail signals, check that the signals are all allowing traffic in the correct direction.
  • Check for interruptions in the train tracks, drive to the station manually to check there are no rail parts missing. Especially near junctions these can be hard to spot if missing.

If you are still having problems, consider:

  • Driving the train manually, and as you pass each switch, try switching to automatic. When it works, you will know the rough area of the problem.

A pictorial summary of typical problems.

Achievements

Getting-on-track-achievement.png In Fahrt kommen

Baue eine Lokomotive.

Trans-factorio-express-achievement.png Trans-Factorio-Express

Lasse einen Zug einen Pfad planen, der mindestens 1.000 Kacheln lang ist.

Watch-your-step-achievement.png Achtung, Zug

Werde durch einen fahrenden Zug getötet.

Getting-on-track-like-a-pro-achievement.png In Fahrt kommen wie ein Profi

Baue eine Lokomotive innerhalb der ersten 90 Minuten des Spiels.

Connection to OpenTTD

Factorio's railway system offers the same type of advanced railway design as block entry pre-signals and block exit pre-signals do in Open Transport Tycoon Deluxe.

See also