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[[File:main_bus.jpg|thumb|400px|A main bus in use with several different items and some production]]
[[File:main_bus.jpg|thumb|400px| The main bus in use with several different items and some production]]
<!-- alternate first sentence: The concept of a '''Main bus''' is the order and central distribution of materials to assembling machines. -->
<!-- alternate first sentence: The concept of a '''Main bus''' is the order and central distribution of materials to assembling machines. -->
The concept of a '''Main Bus''' is to put the most used and useful ingredients in a central spot to use for assembling machines.  
The concept of a '''Main Bus''' is to put the most used and useful ingredients in a central spot to use for assembling machines.  
This is a good measure to combat "spaghetti factories" as it forces someone to plan a structured layout and move everything to use items from the bus.
This is a good measure to combat "spaghetti factories" as it forces someone to plan a structured layout and move everything to use items from the bus.
Which is also a downside as there are more belts used and therefore more room for belt-buffer and everything is less compact.
This is also a downside as there are more belts used and therefore more room for belt-buffer and everything is less compact.


Whether one uses a bus is often decided before starting a map or when first building an array of furnaces.
Whether one uses a bus is often decided before starting a map or when first building an array of furnaces.


A bus often starts at the smelting of iron, copper and steel and then over time and distance gains more and more different items.
A bus often starts at the smelting of iron, copper and steel, and then over time and distance gains more and more different items.
When one doesn't have enough production to saturate a belt (or splits it into more) then this can be called a "fake"-bus as it ''can not'' be saturated.  
When one doesn't have enough production to saturate a belt (or splits it into more) then this can be called a "fake"-bus as it ''can not'' be saturated.  
This is especially deceiving when the item isn't moving and all belts have filled up as these belts can't carry the amount they lead on to believe they can.
This is especially deceiving when the item isn't moving and all belts have filled up as these belts can't carry the amount they lead one to believe they can.
This can be done to reserve room for later expansion, blueprint-ghosts are a good usage for that as they don't allow the belt to be filled with non-usable items.
This can be done to reserve room for later expansion, blueprint-ghosts are a good usage for that as they don't allow the belt to be filled with non-usable items.


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== Content ==
== Content ==
What items one puts on a bus is personal preference.
What items one puts on a bus is a personal preference.
Some items are a good candidate to be built "on-site" meaning not carried by the bus but rather made where they are needed.
Some items are a good candidate to be built "on-site" meaning not carried by the bus but rather made where they are needed.
A good example for this are [[copper cable]]s as they consume more space on a belt than in form of copper plates.
A good example of this are [[copper cable]]s as they consume more space on a belt than in the form of copper plates.


Here are some things people have put on their bus in the past:
Here are some things people have put on their bus in the past:
* Several belts of [[Iron plate]]s, usually a multiple of four as that is the length one [[underground belt]] can go underneath of.
* Several belts of [[iron plate]]s, usually a multiple of four as that is the length one [[underground belt]] can pass under.
* Some belts of [[Copper plate]]s as well, usually less than Iron plates, as of 0.15 a lot less.
* Some belts of [[copper plate]]s. You need about as much copper overall as iron.
* [[Iron gear wheel]]s are seen on some buses as of 0.15 as they're taking up half as much room than iron plates (are denser) and see usage in a lot of recipes.
* [[Iron gear wheel]]s are seen on some buses as they take up half as much room than iron plates and see usage in a lot of recipes.
* [[Electronic circuit]]s and later on even
* [[Electronic circuit]]s.  You will need many of these to handle [[advanced circuit]] and [[processing unit]] production later on.
* [[Advanced circuit]]s though that may not be necessary as they just get used up quickly in other steps and aren't used in that many different products.
* [[Advanced circuit]]s.
* [[Steel plate]]s.
* [[Steel plate]]s.
* [[Processing unit]]s are rarely seen on a bus as they are used in even less recipes than the other mentioned intermediate products.
* [[Processing unit]]s.
* [[Battery|Batteries]].
* [[Battery|Batteries]].
* [[Plastic bar]]s (sometimes replaces [[coal]] from where plastic is produced).
* [[Plastic bar]]s (sometimes replaced by [[coal]] from which plastic is produced).
Each of these Items would get a dedicated line of belts from which one would draw from if there is need for the item.
* [[Stone]]. Needed for [[production science pack]]s and for [[stone brick]]s.
* [[Sulfur]]. This is an ingredient needed for the [[chemical science pack]].
Each of these items would get a dedicated line of belts from which one would draw from if there is a need for the item.


Some people like to have fluids part of their bus which could include:
Some people like to have fluids part of their bus which could include:
* [[Sulfuric acid]] for processing units.
* [[Sulfuric acid]] for processing units.
* [[Water]] for [[concrete]].
* [[Water]] for [[concrete]].
* [[Lubricant]] for [[express transport belt]].
* [[Lubricant]] for [[express transport belt]] and [[electric engine unit]]s for the [[utility science pack]].


== Advice and Limitations ==
== Advice and Limitations ==
Having all possible items on a bus results in a huge wide bus with a lot of belt-buffer for expensive items and standing belts of output-items that wont get used in another process.
Having all possible items on a bus results in a huge wide bus with a lot of belt-buffer for expensive items and standing belts of output-items that won't get used in another process.
These items are often just put into [[chests]] for personal use rather than on a bus.
These items are often just put into [[chests]] for personal use rather than on a bus.


The width of the bus can become a problem if it is very wide.
The width of the bus can become a problem if it is very wide.
Players sometimes choose to only build on one side of the bus until they can estimate that they wont need more belts on the bus.
Players sometimes choose to only build on one side of the bus until they can estimate that they won't need more belts on the bus.


It is advisable to leave ''space'' between the groups of belts of one item for underground belt to surface and for other things to cross the bus.
It is advisable to leave ''space'' between the groups of belts of one item for underground belt to surface and for other things to cross the bus.
A recommended numbers is two free spaces for every group of four belts, although leaving more space can be useful too.
A recommended number is two free spaces for every group of four belts, although leaving more space can be useful too.
Same with the production that is to the side of the bus, leave space ''between the builds'' for later expansion or belts that go between, at least three, six to ten is fitting.
Same with the production that is to the side of the bus, leave space ''between the builds'' for later expansion or belts that go between, at least three, six to ten is fitting.
Grouping differing items together can cause problems when splitting them off, hence only groupings of two differing items is recommended.  
Grouping differing items together can cause problems when splitting them off, hence only groupings of two differing items is recommended.  
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When one wants to use the items on their bus one could directly take items off the bus as if it is just a belt, though that would mean an extremely long bus and useless lengths of other belts.
When one wants to use the items on their bus one could directly take items off the bus as if it is just a belt, though that would mean an extremely long bus and useless lengths of other belts.
This is sometimes done to get Items crafted into a chest for personal use like [[pipe]] which only uses Iron plates.
This is sometimes done to get Items crafted into a chest for personal use like [[pipe]] which only uses Iron plates.
However, in most cases a belt is split away from the main bus that can deliver the resource to a sub-factory.
Split-off designs aren't strictly necessary but help immensely.
The following designs have the additional property that if the incoming belts are fully saturated then the split-off belt will be full (recall that a single splitter with a single full input belt will by default split off a half-filled belt).


The Idea is that one wants to draw from every belt (and lane even) equally to not have too few items at the current planned production and not have empty and at the same time standing belts of items.
With [[splitter]] priorities that were added in 0.16 it is very simple to split off a belt from a main bus while ensuring good throughput properties. The design shown here makes sure that the belts on the right side are filled first, so belts can be taken from the right every time without the need to further rebalance.
Thus up to a full belt can be delivered and the remaining resources can go through on the main bus.
One downside to this can be that all resources are used up before every machine gets fed.
This indicates not enough products being produced to meet demand, this can be remedied with adding more lanes with corresponding more production further up the chain of production.
Using a non-prioritizing split-off will only distribute the shortage, not magically create more production.
 
[[File:4-split-priority.png]]
 
Alternatively, one can make split-off setups without priority splitters.
The idea is that one wants to draw from every belt (and lane even) equally to not have too few items at the current planned production and not have empty and at the same time standing belts of items.
That way at every step along the bus a few items are split off and used up and when the production comes to a stop the items go on to be used by the next production.
That way at every step along the bus a few items are split off and used up and when the production comes to a stop the items go on to be used by the next production.
These split-off designs aren't strictly necessary but help immensely. They have the additional property that if the incoming belts are fully saturated then the split-off belt will be full (recall that a single splitter with a single full input belt will output two half-filled belts).


The following are 2 designs for a split-off off a 2-wide bus (by reddit user [https://www.reddit.com/user/unique_2 /u/unique_2]).
The following are 2 designs for a split-off off a 2-wide bus (by reddit user [https://www.reddit.com/user/unique_2 /u/unique_2]).
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Putting a lane-balancer after a split-off is not necessary most of the time as the rest moves on if the belt has no draw or if only one lane is used.  
Putting a lane-balancer after a split-off is not necessary most of the time as the rest moves on if the belt has no draw or if only one lane is used.  
If there is enough input for the item to saturate a whole belt then putting a lane-balancer in wont help to get more items later on.  
If there is enough input for the item to saturate a whole belt then putting a lane-balancer in won't help to get more items later on.  
Putting a lane-balancer after an inherently balanced build that produces the item is also not necessary as then half of the production pauses and the other half fills the moving lane to saturation.  
Putting a lane-balancer after an inherently balanced build that produces the item is also not necessary as then half of the production pauses and the other half fills the moving lane to saturation.  
The following is a split-off off a 4-wide bus.
The following is a split-off off a 4-wide bus.


<gallery mode="nolines" widths=224px heights=256px >
<gallery mode="nolines" widths=224px heights=256px >
File:4-split_l.png|{{BlueprintString|bp-string=0eNqlld1ugzAMhd/F1+lEwl/LM/QNpmmCNqoiQRKFUA0h3n2hjIJEOsXbVYThfDm24zBAVXdcGyEtFAOIi5ItFO8DtOImy3qK2V5zKOAujO1chIAsmykwf3FIYCQg5JV/QUFHglCeN0rmVQrLm1VmTSlbrYw9VLy2G3H8H3EyfhDg0gor+Jz646H/lF1TceOSejI6pzA3o9w6Uwho1TqhktO+DnZgBHq3OEeLDdVZ3U0b7sAMAY4Q3BhjmCLAyatq7rBPqoeS/qGedLUn5At3WbC7heoOHVyF4Zf5XeaB5uFQGgw9rpOga2Gti+1x0Vu65O5BnLCtYD4KjbAYrxlKQxKiPwlFXgTDds/vJA5wEv1qJEFPZcjhpCl+KIO4GbKD/rLlmAb6j9IRUXlHcJfu44IuNj8gAndu2nlskoRlWc4oO43jN0/WNGQ=}}
File:4-split_l.png|{{BlueprintString|bp-string=0eNqlld1qhDAQhV+lzHUsxv/6DPsGpRTdDUvAjRLjUhHfvaPWVTBbMu1VcPR8OTOTMQOUVScaLZWBfAB5rlUL+fsArbyqoppipm8E5HCX2nQYYaCK2xRYvvAiGBlIdRFfkPOREZSnnTKwKqURt01mdKHaptbGK0VlduLwP+Jo/GAglJFGiiX1+aH/VN2tFBqTejA6VOirrnFdKAyaukVhraZ9EeYFDHpc0NFqo+5M000bHsABAewTuCHFMCeAo2fVPGAfVAsl/kM9+WZPqifuEmd3KxUPHVykFuflXWKBpu5Q7gzNtkloKmkMxo44/zVec7cg3qitCGwU7lMxVjOcuyTEfxLyrYiA2j27k9DBif+rkYg8lS6Hk8f0oXTiJsQO2suWUhpoP0oZofJIwJ/u/IPOdxcQg6pA7xiLvBnyMl0ad6HbZZSyNOBZmPhhNI7frCw6ag==}}


File:4-split_lr.png|{{BlueprintString|bp-string=0eNqdld9qgzAUxl9lnOs4TBq19Rl6tdsxhrahBGyUGMuK+O476jqFxpGzq+DR75fv/DHpoaw61VhtHOQ96FNtWsjfe2j1xRTVGHP3RkEON21dhxEGpriOgfmLSMLAQJuz+oKcD8yj1E5dF5mzhWmb2rqoVJVbiYVXvLXtcaXckZRvK6UcPhgo47TTas57erh/mu5aKosZ/ao7VNiLrXGdnTNo6haFtRk3RVgkGNxxQTsPD3Xnmm5M8gksCOCYwN1RDHMCWBLAFG7yjwrzBazNBjfdmrhNKg4gnLVVp/ld6oFmwdDYyxQe5j7cKA82elimvqm0cxh7xsWvyaOeHgSP6R0PaQznwQnz4CJyEZIw/0k49ua7o06Mv2wywEn8p5GEfDYE1T2lHw1B3IzYT3/Z9pQGCi/iQKg8EvDon66mfHUHMqgK9I4xGU2Ql2qE3JRt539NSpGmmeDiMAzfI+ZmDA==}}
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Line 92: Line 104:
</gallery>
</gallery>


Taking two belts off of this wont produce two belts worth of output, the middle one only carries ''half a belt'' to each side!
Taking two belts off of this won't produce two belts worth of output, the middle one only carries ''half a belt'' to each side!
As of 0.16 Splitters can prioritize one in- and output lane, therefore the above design can supply fully saturated belts, if the splitters are set up in a way that prioritizes the output belt (to earlier production) rather than letting items go on.
As of 0.16 Splitters can prioritize one in- and output lane, therefore the above design can supply fully saturated belts if the splitters are set up in a way that prioritizes the output belt (to earlier production) rather than letting items go on.
 


The following are two designs for a split-off off a 4-wide bus that feature an in-line lane-balancer(by reddit user [https://www.reddit.com/user/moomaka /u/moomaka]).
The following are two designs for a split-off off a 4-wide bus that feature an in-line lane-balancer(by reddit user [https://www.reddit.com/user/moomaka /u/moomaka]).
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</gallery>
</gallery>


The way materials are split off the main bus can inhibit throughput if done incorrectly, which the setups above avoid.
The way in which materials are split off from the main bus determines which production setups in the factory are prioritized if the bus delivers less input than all the setups combined need.  
In addition it determines which production setups in the factory are prioritized in distributing materials if the bus delivers less input than all the setups combined need.  
The split-offs shown above generally prefer setups near the start of the main bus but will also supply some limited materials to the later setups.  
The split-offs shown above generally prefer setups near the start of the main bus but will also supply some limited materials to the later setups.  
There are alternative designs, for example a ''priority splitter'' will fully prefer the setups near the start of the main bus and only allow materials to go through to a later setup if that earlier setup's needs are satisfied.  
There are alternative designs, for example, using [[splitter]] priorities to fully prefer the setups near the start of the main bus and only allow materials to go through to a later setup if that earlier setup's needs are satisfied.  
Designing a priority splitter for four belts that does not inhibit throughput and is still reasonably small is a nontrivial endeavor.
The priorities can be set in various ways but this should not distract from the fact that more resource input should be added whenever this becomes a concern.
Since this is based on the premise that the bus has less resource input than the factory needs, one advice here is to add more resource input whenever this becomes a concern.


== See Also ==
== See Also ==
* [[Tutorial:Transport_use_cases|What Transport for which case?]]
* [[Tutorial:Transport_use_cases|What Transport for which case?]]
* [[Belt transport system]]
* [[Belt transport system]]
* [[Balancers|Belt balancers]]
* [[Logistic network]]
* [[Logistic network]]
* [[Railway]]
* [[Railway]]
* [[Splitter]]
* [[Splitter]]
* [[Balancer mechanics]]

Latest revision as of 10:02, 31 August 2020

The main bus in use with several different items and some production

The concept of a Main Bus is to put the most used and useful ingredients in a central spot to use for assembling machines. This is a good measure to combat "spaghetti factories" as it forces someone to plan a structured layout and move everything to use items from the bus. This is also a downside as there are more belts used and therefore more room for belt-buffer and everything is less compact.

Whether one uses a bus is often decided before starting a map or when first building an array of furnaces.

A bus often starts at the smelting of iron, copper and steel, and then over time and distance gains more and more different items. When one doesn't have enough production to saturate a belt (or splits it into more) then this can be called a "fake"-bus as it can not be saturated. This is especially deceiving when the item isn't moving and all belts have filled up as these belts can't carry the amount they lead one to believe they can. This can be done to reserve room for later expansion, blueprint-ghosts are a good usage for that as they don't allow the belt to be filled with non-usable items.

The direction of a bus, being horizontal or vertical depends on personal preference and how one likes to work on the production that splits off it, which can almost always be expanded for greater use later on. The orientation of and how wide the players monitor is also plays a role in this decision. A corner is not unheard of but very unusual and is often only necessary when a lake appears that is not planned for.

Content

What items one puts on a bus is a personal preference. Some items are a good candidate to be built "on-site" meaning not carried by the bus but rather made where they are needed. A good example of this are copper cables as they consume more space on a belt than in the form of copper plates.

Here are some things people have put on their bus in the past:

Each of these items would get a dedicated line of belts from which one would draw from if there is a need for the item.

Some people like to have fluids part of their bus which could include:

Advice and Limitations

Having all possible items on a bus results in a huge wide bus with a lot of belt-buffer for expensive items and standing belts of output-items that won't get used in another process. These items are often just put into chests for personal use rather than on a bus.

The width of the bus can become a problem if it is very wide. Players sometimes choose to only build on one side of the bus until they can estimate that they won't need more belts on the bus.

It is advisable to leave space between the groups of belts of one item for underground belt to surface and for other things to cross the bus. A recommended number is two free spaces for every group of four belts, although leaving more space can be useful too. Same with the production that is to the side of the bus, leave space between the builds for later expansion or belts that go between, at least three, six to ten is fitting. Grouping differing items together can cause problems when splitting them off, hence only groupings of two differing items is recommended. Having smaller groups of only one or two is also not a bad thing.

When logistic robots are available one might start moving some items by robots instead of using the bus. Some players eventually phase out the main bus entirely in favor of robots. This may happen at a later stage in the game up to which a bus is a very good tool to reduce clutter. But robots have their own difficulties and require a lot more resources and knowledge of the game.

For very large amounts of items railways may be a better alternative that can not only carry large amounts of ore but also the intermediate and end-products. This can lead to designs of a base consisting of only train-stations with small logistic networks without any belts. For a comparison of belt, logistic robot and railway transport systems, refer to the Transport use cases tutorial.

One reddit post mentions the use of cargo wagons as a means to increase throughput and reduce the size of a bus.

Split-off

When one wants to use the items on their bus one could directly take items off the bus as if it is just a belt, though that would mean an extremely long bus and useless lengths of other belts. This is sometimes done to get Items crafted into a chest for personal use like pipe which only uses Iron plates. However, in most cases a belt is split away from the main bus that can deliver the resource to a sub-factory. Split-off designs aren't strictly necessary but help immensely. The following designs have the additional property that if the incoming belts are fully saturated then the split-off belt will be full (recall that a single splitter with a single full input belt will by default split off a half-filled belt).

With splitter priorities that were added in 0.16 it is very simple to split off a belt from a main bus while ensuring good throughput properties. The design shown here makes sure that the belts on the right side are filled first, so belts can be taken from the right every time without the need to further rebalance. Thus up to a full belt can be delivered and the remaining resources can go through on the main bus. One downside to this can be that all resources are used up before every machine gets fed. This indicates not enough products being produced to meet demand, this can be remedied with adding more lanes with corresponding more production further up the chain of production. Using a non-prioritizing split-off will only distribute the shortage, not magically create more production.

4-split-priority.png

Alternatively, one can make split-off setups without priority splitters. The idea is that one wants to draw from every belt (and lane even) equally to not have too few items at the current planned production and not have empty and at the same time standing belts of items. That way at every step along the bus a few items are split off and used up and when the production comes to a stop the items go on to be used by the next production.

The following are 2 designs for a split-off off a 2-wide bus (by reddit user /u/unique_2).

Putting a lane-balancer after a split-off is not necessary most of the time as the rest moves on if the belt has no draw or if only one lane is used. If there is enough input for the item to saturate a whole belt then putting a lane-balancer in won't help to get more items later on. Putting a lane-balancer after an inherently balanced build that produces the item is also not necessary as then half of the production pauses and the other half fills the moving lane to saturation. The following is a split-off off a 4-wide bus.

Taking two belts off of this won't produce two belts worth of output, the middle one only carries half a belt to each side! As of 0.16 Splitters can prioritize one in- and output lane, therefore the above design can supply fully saturated belts if the splitters are set up in a way that prioritizes the output belt (to earlier production) rather than letting items go on.

The following are two designs for a split-off off a 4-wide bus that feature an in-line lane-balancer(by reddit user /u/moomaka).

The way in which materials are split off from the main bus determines which production setups in the factory are prioritized if the bus delivers less input than all the setups combined need. The split-offs shown above generally prefer setups near the start of the main bus but will also supply some limited materials to the later setups. There are alternative designs, for example, using splitter priorities to fully prefer the setups near the start of the main bus and only allow materials to go through to a later setup if that earlier setup's needs are satisfied. The priorities can be set in various ways but this should not distract from the fact that more resource input should be added whenever this becomes a concern.

See Also