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{{Technology
{{Languages}}
|name=Oil Processing
'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.
|icon=oil-gathering
|cost={{icon|science-pack-1|50|Science pack 1}}+{{icon|science-pack-2|50|Science pack 2}}+{{icon|Time icon|30|time}}
|allows={{icon|fluid-handling||Fluid handling}} {{icon|advanced-oil-processing||Advanced oil processing}} {{icon|sulfur||Sulfur processing}} {{icon|plastic-bar||Plastics}} {{icon|flammables||Flammables}}
|requirements={{icon|steel-processing||Steel processing}}
|effects={{icon|pumpjack||Pumpjack}} {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} {{icon|basic-oil-processing||Basic oil processing}} {{icon|solid-fuel-from-heavy-oil||Solid fuel}} {{icon|solid-fuel-from-light-oil||Solid fuel}} {{icon|solid-fuel-from-petroleum-gas||Solid fuel}} {{icon|lubricant||Lubricant}}
}}


[[Oil processing]] is a large part of Factorio. It was introduced in v0.9. [[Oil processing]] may refer to the researched technology, the recipe used in the [[Oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.
== Overview ==
There are various recipes that can be used to process [[crude oil]] into its fractions. Its fraction ([[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.


This documentation isn't complete yet. '''Please refer to the following pages:
{|class="wikitable"
* [[Version0.9]]
|-
* [[Liquid network/0.9]]
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Machine !! Required technology !! Internal name
* [[Liquid_network]]
|-
| {{Icon|Basic oil processing||}} Basic oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|45}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Oil processing (research)|}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || basic-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Advanced oil processing||}} Advanced oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} + {{icon|water|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{Icon|Light oil|45}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|55}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || advanced-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Heavy oil cracking||}} Heavy oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|40}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Light oil|30}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || heavy-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Light oil cracking||}} Light oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || light-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Coal liquefaction||}} Coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{icon|steam|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|90}} + {{Icon|Light oil|20}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|10}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|coal liquefaction|}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || coal-liquefaction
|}
 
== Setting up oil processing ==
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.
 
Crude oil must be refined in an [[oil refinery]]. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated.
 
Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: [[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a [[storage tank]]. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).
 
=== Tips ===
* The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the [[Tutorial:Circuit network cookbook#Oil_Setups|circuit-network cookbook]].
* If you run your heavy oil pipe from the refineries past a lubricant-making chemical plant before sending it to the cracking chemical plants, you can be sure that the lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
* [[Solid fuel]] is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.
 
=== Coal Liquefaction ===
Once coal liquefaction is researched, the player can manufacture oil products anywhere without a need for crude oil: the player can set up an oil refinery to utilize coal liquefaction and use an [[assembling machine]] and [[barrel]]s to manually insert a small amount of heavy oil into the system to initiate production. As long as the heavy oil output is routed back into the refinery before being sent anywhere else, the refinery will be self-sustaining in terms of heavy oil, only requiring steam and coal to run. To prevent fluid back-up, the player will need to ensure all output fluids are being consumed or stored somehow.
 
While a single refinery using this set-up this will not produce a large amount of oil products overall, the fact it does not require crude oil to run means it can be placed anywhere the player needs a small, steady supply of oil products, saving the need to transport oil over large distances by pipes or trains. Such uses include:
 
* A refueling outpost that produces [[solid fuel]] and/or [[rocket fuel]].
* A defensive outpost that uses oil to fuel [[flamethrower turret]]s.
* With a supply of [[iron ore]], this set-up can produce [[sulfuric acid]], allowing the mining of [[uranium ore]].
* A supply of iron ore also allows the manufacture of ammunition: [[cluster grenade]]s, [[land mine]]s, and [[cannon shell]]s.
* With a supply of both iron ore and [[copper ore]], [[rocket]]s and [[artillery shell]]s can be manufactured, as well as all [[capsules]].
 
More broadly, a sufficiently large network of refineries utilizing coal liquefaction could produce enough oil products to run the player's factory without a need for crude oil anymore, allowing much more flexibility in the layout and placement of facilities that require oil products to function. The downside of relying entirely on coal liquefaction are an overall slightly lower output of oil products compared to advanced oil processing, a need for more chemical plants to crack the large amounts of heavy oil produced, and the system will shut down entirely if its supply of coal or steam runs out.
 
=== Transporting fluids ===
There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:
 
* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* Loading the fluids into [[Barrel]]s and transporting them by [[Railway]], [[Transport belts]], or the [[Logistic network]]
 
== Optimal Ratios ==
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.
 
=== Petroleum gas production ===
 
For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.
 
One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).


==Oil Processing Technology==
The refining can be sped up with [[module]]s; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using [[productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).
[[Oil processing]] allows the player to set up a basic facility to mine, process, and use oil. To be able to increase the usefulness of the created oil products, you may want to research [[Sulfur processing]], as a prerequisite for the research of the [[Battery]], which is used in many items later on, including the [[Science pack 3]]. [[Plastics]] are also useful, as the [[Plastic bar]] is an ingredient in the [[Advanced circuit]], which is used often later on. [[Fluid handling]] allows you better control over your liquids, with items such as the [[Storage Tank]] and [[Small Pump]]. [[Advanced oil processing]] gives you a new recipe for use in the [[Oil refinery]], allowing you to get more useful products from your [[Crude oil]]. Finally, researching [[Flammables]] gives you access to the [[Flamethrower]].


==Oil Processing Recipes==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
There are various recipes that can be done regarding [[Oil processing]]. They are listed below.
!colspan="5" |Petroleum production output with modules
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching [[Oil processing]]:
!colspan="1" style="width: 230px; text-align: left;" |Module configuration
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |None
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 1 (*)
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 2
!colspan="1" |Units
|-
!colspan="5"|Oil refinery
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crude oil consumption
| 100 || 100 || 100 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 50 || 50 || 50 ||
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 5 || 5 || 5 || s / final item
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|basic-oil-processing|Basic oil processing}} || {{icon|crude-oil|10|Crude oil}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|3|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|3|Light oil}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|4|Petroleum gas}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil output
| 25 || 25 || 25 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-heavy-oil|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|2|Heavy oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 45 || 45 || 45 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-light-oil|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|light-oil|1|Light oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 55 || 55 || 55 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-petroleum-gas|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|petroleum-gas|2|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|lubricant|Lubricant}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|1|Heavy oil}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|lubricant|1|Lubricant}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 855% ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching [[Advanced oil processing]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Crude oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 171 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|advanced-oil-processing|Advanced oil processing}} || {{icon|crude-oil|10|Crude oil}} {{icon|water|5|Water}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|1|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|4.5|Light oil}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|5.5|Petroleum gas}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 10 || 45.5 || 85.5 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|heavy-oil-cracking|Heavy oil cracking}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|4|Heavy oil}} {{icon|water|3|Water}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|light-oil|3|Light oil}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil output
| 5 || 29.575 || 55.575 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|light-oil-cracking|Light oil cracking}} || {{icon|light-oil|3|Light oil}} {{icon|water|3|Water}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|petroleum-gas|2|Petroleum gas}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 9 || 53.235 || 100.035 || per second
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching [[Fluid handling]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 11 || 65.065 || 122.265 || per second
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
!colspan="5"|Heavy oil cracking
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|fill-crude-oil-barrel|Fill crude oil barrel}} || {{icon|barrel-empty|1|Barrel}} {{icon|crude-oil|25|Crude oil}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|crude-oil-barrel|1|Barrel}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil consumption
| 40 || 40 || 40 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|empty-crude-oil-barrel|Empty crude oil barrel}} || {{icon|crude-oil-barrel|1|Barrel}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|barrel-empty|1|Barrel}} {{icon|crude-oil|25|Crude oil}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching [[Sulfur processing]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|sulfur|Sulfur}} || {{icon|water|3|Water}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|3|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|sulfur|2|Sulfur}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|sulfuric-acid|Sulfuric acid}} || {{icon|iron-plate|1|Iron plate}} {{icon|sulfur|5|Sulfur}} {{icon|water|10|Water}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|sulfuric-acid|5|Sulfuric acid}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching [[Advanced electronics]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 131 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|processing-unit|Processing unit}} || {{icon|electronic-circuit|20|Electronic circuit}} {{icon|advanced-circuit|2|Advanced circuit}} {{icon|sulfuric-acid|0.5|Sulfuric acid}} {{icon|time icon|15|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|processing-unit|1|Processing unit}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching [[Battery]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 15 || 88.725 || 127.725 || per second
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
!colspan="5"|Light oil cracking
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|battery|Battery}} || {{icon|iron-plate|1|Iron plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|1|Copper plate}} {{icon|sulfuric-acid|2|Sulfuric acid}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|battery|1|Battery}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching [[Plastics]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|plastic-bar|Plastics}} || {{icon|coal|1|Coal}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|3|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|plastic-bar|2|Plastic bar}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 20 || 20 || 20 ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching [[Flammables]] and [[Flamethrower]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|flame-thrower-ammo|Flamethrower ammo}} || {{icon|iron-plate|5|Iron plate}} {{icon|heavy-oil|2.5|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|2.5|Light oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|flame-thrower-ammo|1|Flamethrower ammo}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
|}
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
The above errors are a problem with the Wiki not allowing more than 100 images on a page.
 
==Oil Processing Mechanics==
To mine, process and use oil, you'll need to do some research, as shown above.
 
===Overview===
[[Pumpjacks]] need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well. Given [[Electric network|electricity]] (90kW, upgradeable), they will produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, show on the right, at the bottom of the information panel. Over time this value will decrease. Once it reaches 0.1 oil/s, it will continue to output this, never increasing or decreasing. This means that having enough pumpjacks on depleted oil wells will provide you with enough oil, but it is better to find new oil wells. To transport the oil, you can use [[Barrels]], and [[Diesel locomotives]] if you'd like.
 
The [[Crude oil]] then needs to be refined in an [[Oil refinery]]. The [[Oil refinery]] also needs [[Electric network|electricity]]. It has a much higher demand, at 420kW, but it is also upgradeable. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set, the inputs and outputs show what needs to be, and what will be supplied. You cannot move the locations of these, only rotate the entire machine. Make sure that the products have somewhere to go (preferably [[Storage Tanks]]), as the refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full.
 
Now you have the three basic products. [[Heavy oil]], [[Light oil]] and [[Petroleum gas]]. Both [[Heavy oil]] and [[Light oil]] can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[Chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if you've got lots of [[Light oil]], but are lacking on [[Petroleum gas]] (A common problem).
 
From here, after some research, you can use the oil products to create various products. They are all listed above.
 
 
===Commonly Used Items===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|pumpjack|Pumpjack}} || Pumpjacks mine the [[Crude oil]] from the [[Oil wells]], and let you move it by [[Pipe]].
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|oil-refinery|Oil refinery}} || Refines [[Crude oil]] into basic oil products ([[Heavy oil|Heavy-]]/[[Light oil|Light oil]] and [[Petroleum gas]]).
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
|-
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
| {{imagelink|chemical-plant|Chemical plant}} || Like the [[Assembling machine]], used to automate processing of liquids and crafting.
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|storage-tank|Storage Tank}} || Stores up to 2500 units of any liquid.
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 10 || 59.15 || 85.15 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|small-pump|Small Pump}} || Allows you to pump liquids from one area to another. Used inline (Between pipes).
!colspan="5"|Ratio
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|pump|Pump}} || Allows you to pump water up from a body of water.
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil cracking
| 0.25 || 0.325 || 0.424 ||
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|assembling-machine-2|Assembling machine 2}} {{imagelink|assembling-machine-3|Assembling machine 3}} || Allows you to craft items using liquids, used mainly for [[Oil barrels]].
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil cracking
| 0.85 || 1.2025 || 1.57 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|pipe|Pipe}} || Allows transporting of liquids from one location to another.
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum gas output
| 19.5 || 136.193 || 255.923 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|pipe-to-ground|[[Pipe-to-ground|Underground Pipe]]}} || A [[Pipe]], but under the ground, acting similar to [[Underground belts]].
|colspan="5" style="width: 600px; text-align: left;" | '''* Notes to table:''' ''Config 1'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. ''Config 2'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.
|}
|}
For more information on how liquids work, please see the [[Liquid network]] page.


== See Also ==
For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.
 
== History ==
{{history|0.17.60|
* Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.}}
 
{{history|0.17.0|
* Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.}}
 
{{history|0.15.0|
* Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.}}
 
{{history|0.9.1|
* Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.}}
 
{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced
**Basic oil processing
**Advanced oil processing}}
 
== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Barrel]]


[[Liquid network/0.9]]
{{C|Main}}

Latest revision as of 18:59, 24 September 2023

Oil processing is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to the researched technology, the recipe used in the oil refinery, or the overall workings of oil.

Overview

There are various recipes that can be used to process crude oil into its fractions. Its fraction (heavy oil, light oil and petroleum gas) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.

Process Input Output Machine Required technology Internal name
Basic oil processing.png
Basic oil processing
Time.png
5
+
Crude oil.png
100
Petroleum gas.png
45
Oil refinery.png
Oil processing (research).png
Oil processing
basic-oil-processing
Advanced oil processing.png
Advanced oil processing
Time.png
5
+
Crude oil.png
100
+
Water.png
50
Heavy oil.png
25
+
Light oil.png
45
+
Petroleum gas.png
55
Oil refinery.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
advanced-oil-processing
Heavy oil cracking.png
Heavy oil cracking
Time.png
2
+
Heavy oil.png
40
+
Water.png
30
Light oil.png
30
Chemical plant.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
heavy-oil-cracking
Light oil cracking.png
Light oil cracking
Time.png
2
+
Light oil.png
30
+
Water.png
30
Petroleum gas.png
20
Chemical plant.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
light-oil-cracking
Coal liquefaction.png
Coal liquefaction
Time.png
5
+
Coal.png
10
+
Heavy oil.png
25
+
Steam.png
50
Heavy oil.png
90
+
Light oil.png
20
+
Petroleum gas.png
10
Oil refinery.png
Coal liquefaction.png
Coal liquefaction
coal-liquefaction

Setting up oil processing

Pumpjacks need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of Crude oil per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.

Crude oil must be refined in an oil refinery. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated.

Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: heavy oil, light oil and petroleum gas. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a storage tank. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a chemical plant (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).

Tips

  • The circuit network can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the circuit-network cookbook.
  • If you run your heavy oil pipe from the refineries past a lubricant-making chemical plant before sending it to the cracking chemical plants, you can be sure that the lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
  • Solid fuel is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.

Coal Liquefaction

Once coal liquefaction is researched, the player can manufacture oil products anywhere without a need for crude oil: the player can set up an oil refinery to utilize coal liquefaction and use an assembling machine and barrels to manually insert a small amount of heavy oil into the system to initiate production. As long as the heavy oil output is routed back into the refinery before being sent anywhere else, the refinery will be self-sustaining in terms of heavy oil, only requiring steam and coal to run. To prevent fluid back-up, the player will need to ensure all output fluids are being consumed or stored somehow.

While a single refinery using this set-up this will not produce a large amount of oil products overall, the fact it does not require crude oil to run means it can be placed anywhere the player needs a small, steady supply of oil products, saving the need to transport oil over large distances by pipes or trains. Such uses include:

More broadly, a sufficiently large network of refineries utilizing coal liquefaction could produce enough oil products to run the player's factory without a need for crude oil anymore, allowing much more flexibility in the layout and placement of facilities that require oil products to function. The downside of relying entirely on coal liquefaction are an overall slightly lower output of oil products compared to advanced oil processing, a need for more chemical plants to crack the large amounts of heavy oil produced, and the system will shut down entirely if its supply of coal or steam runs out.

Transporting fluids

There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:

Optimal Ratios

The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.

Petroleum gas production

For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.

One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).

The refining can be sped up with modules; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using productivity modules) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).

Petroleum production output with modules
Module configuration None Config 1 (*) Config 2 Units
Oil refinery
Crude oil consumption 100 100 100
Water consumption 50 50 50
Crafting speed 5 5 5 s / final item
Heavy oil output 25 25 25
Light oil output 45 45 45
Petroleum output 55 55 55
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 855%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Crude oil consumption 20 91 171 per second
Total Water consumption 10 45.5 85.5 per second
Total Heavy oil output 5 29.575 55.575 per second
Total Light oil output 9 53.235 100.035 per second
Total Petroleum output 11 65.065 122.265 per second
Heavy oil cracking
Heavy oil consumption 40 40 40
Water consumption 30 30 30
Crafting speed 2 2 2 s / final item
Light oil output 30 30 30
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 655%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Heavy oil consumption 20 91 131 per second
Total Water consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Light oil output 15 88.725 127.725 per second
Light oil cracking
Light oil consumption 30 30 30
Water consumption 30 30 30
Crafting speed 2 2 2 s / final item
Petroleum output 20 20 20
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 655%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Light oil consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Water consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Petroleum output 10 59.15 85.15 per second
Ratio
Heavy oil cracking 0.25 0.325 0.424
Light oil cracking 0.85 1.2025 1.57
Petroleum gas output 19.5 136.193 255.923 per second
* Notes to table: Config 1 is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. Config 2 is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.

For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.

History

  • 0.17.60:
    • Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.
  • 0.17.0:
    • Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.
  • 0.15.0:
    • Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.
  • 0.9.1:
    • Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.
  • 0.9.0:
    • Introduced
      • Basic oil processing
      • Advanced oil processing

See also