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'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.
'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
 
There are various recipes that can be used to process [[crude oil]] into its fractions. Its fraction ([[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.
In Factorio, when the player reaches the need for [[Science pack 3]], they must set up oil processing. In order to do this, the player must research the following technologies:
=== Technologies ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Technology !! Description
|-
| {{icontech|oil-gathering||Oil processing (research)}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || Allows the player to set up a basic facility to mine, process, and use oil.
|-
| {{icontech|sulfur||Sulfur processing}} [[Sulfur processing]] ||  A prerequisite for the research of the [[Battery]], which is used in a handful items later on, including the [[Science pack 3]].
|-
| {{icontech|plastics||Plastics (research)}} [[Plastics (research)]] || The [[Plastic bar]] is an ingredient in the [[Advanced circuit]], which is used often later on.
|-
| {{icontech|fluid-handling||Fluid handling}} [[Fluid handling]] || Allows better control over your liquids, with the [[Storage tank]] and [[Pump]].
|-
| {{icontech|advanced-oil-processing-tech||Advanced oil processing (research)}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || Gives you a new recipe for use in the [[Oil refinery]], allowing you to get more useful products from your [[Crude oil]].
|-
| {{icontech|coal liquefaction (research)||Coal liquefaction (research)}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || Gives you a refinery recipe to turn excess coal into oil products.
|-
| {{icontech|flammables||Flammables}} [[Flammables]] <br />{{icontech|flame-thrower||Flame thrower}} [[Flame thrower]] || Gives you access to the [[Flamethrower]] and [[Flamethrower ammo]]
|-
|}
 
=== Recipes ===
There are various recipes that can be done regarding [[Oil processing]]. They are listed below.


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|oil-gathering||Oil processing (research)}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]]:
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Machine !! Required technology !! Internal name
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|basic-oil-processing|Basic oil processing}} || {{icon|crude-oil|100|Crude oil}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|30|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|30|Light oil}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|40|Petroleum gas}}
| {{Icon|Basic oil processing||}} Basic oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|45}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Oil processing (research)|}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || basic-oil-processing
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-heavy-oil|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|20|Heavy oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
| {{Icon|Advanced oil processing||}} Advanced oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} + {{icon|water|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{Icon|Light oil|45}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|55}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || advanced-oil-processing
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-light-oil|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|light-oil|10|Light oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
| {{Icon|Heavy oil cracking||}} Heavy oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|40}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Light oil|30}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || heavy-oil-cracking
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-petroleum-gas|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
| {{Icon|Light oil cracking||}} Light oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || light-oil-cracking
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|lubricant|Lubricant}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|10|Heavy oil}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|lubricant|10|Lubricant}}
| {{Icon|Coal liquefaction||}} Coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{icon|steam|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|90}} + {{Icon|Light oil|20}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|10}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|coal liquefaction|}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || coal-liquefaction
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|advanced-oil-processing-tech||Advanced oil processing (research)}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]]:
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{imagelink|advanced-oil-processing|Advanced oil processing}} || {{icon|crude-oil|100|Crude oil}} {{icon|water|50|Water}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|10|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|45|Light oil}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|55|Petroleum gas}}
|-
| {{imagelink|heavy-oil-cracking|Heavy oil cracking}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|40|Heavy oil}} {{icon|water|30|Water}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|light-oil|30|Light oil}}
|-
| {{imagelink|light-oil-cracking|Light oil cracking}} || {{icon|light-oil|30|Light oil}} {{icon|water|30|Water}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum gas}}
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|fluid-handling||Fluid handling}} [[Fluid handling]]:
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{imagelink|fill-crude-oil-barrel|Fill crude oil barrel}} || {{icon|barrel-empty|1|Empty barrel}} {{icon|crude-oil|250|Crude oil}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|crude-oil-barrel|1|Crude oil barrel}}
|-
| {{imagelink|empty-crude-oil-barrel|Empty crude oil barrel}} || {{icon|crude-oil-barrel|1|Crude oil barrel}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|barrel-empty|1|Empty barrel}} {{icon|crude-oil|250|Crude oil}}
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|sulfur||Sulfur processing}} [[Sulfur processing]]:
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{imagelink|sulfur|Sulfur}} || {{icon|water|30|Water}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|30|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|sulfur|2|Sulfur}}
|-
| {{imagelink|sulfuric-acid|Sulfuric acid}} || {{Icon|Iron plate|1|Iron plate}} {{icon|sulfur|5|Sulfur}} {{icon|water|100|Water}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|sulfuric-acid|50|Sulfuric acid}}
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|Advanced-electronics-research||Advanced electronics}} [[Advanced electronics]]:
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{imagelink|processing-unit|Processing unit}} || {{icon|electronic-circuit|20|Electronic circuit}} {{icon|advanced-circuit|2|Advanced circuit}} {{icon|sulfuric-acid|5|Sulfuric acid}} {{icon|time icon|15|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|processing-unit|1|Processing unit}}
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|Battery-research||Battery (research)}} [[Battery (research)|Battery]]:
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{imagelink|battery|Battery}} || {{Icon|Iron plate|1|Iron plate}} {{Icon|Copper plate|1|Copper plate}} {{icon|sulfuric-acid|20|Sulfuric acid}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|battery|1|Battery}}
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|plastics||Plastics (research)}} [[Plastics (research)]]:
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{imagelink|plastic-bar|Plastics (research)}} || {{icon|coal|1|Coal}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|plastic-bar|2|Plastic bar}}
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|flammables||Flammables}} [[Flammables]] and {{icontech|flame-thrower||Flame thrower}} [[Flame thrower]]:
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{Imagelink|Flamethrower ammo|Flamethrower ammo}} || {{Icon|Iron plate|5|Iron plate}} {{icon|heavy-oil|25|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|25|Light oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{Icon|Flamethrower ammo|1|Flamethrower ammo}}
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|coal liquefaction||}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]]:
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{imagelink|coal liquefaction|Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction}} || {{icon|coal|10|Coal}} {{icon|heavy-oil|25|Heavy oil}} {{icon|steam|50|Steam}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|35|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|15|Light oil}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum gas}}
|}
|}


== Setting up oil processing ==
== Setting up oil processing ==
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well. Given [[Electric network|electricity]] (90kW, upgradeable), [[Pumpjack]]s will produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel. Over time this value will decrease down to a minimum of 2 oil/s, so a pumpjack will provide unlimited oil but eventually at a very low rate.
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.
 
Crude Oil must be refined in an [[Oil refinery]]. The Oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set, the inputs and outputs show what needs to be and what will be supplied. You cannot change the locations of these, only rotate the entire machine. Make sure that the products have somewhere to go (preferably [[Storage tank|Storage Tanks]]), ''as the refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full.''


Once the process finishes in the [[oil refinery]], the player will be left with 3 products: [[Heavy oil]], [[Light oil]] and [[Petroleum gas]]. Both Heavy oil and Light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[Chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has lots of Light oil but is lacking in [[Petroleum gas]] (a common problem).
Crude oil must be refined in an [[oil refinery]]. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated.


From here, after some research, the player can use the oil products to create various products. They are all listed [[#Recipes|above]].
Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: [[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a [[storage tank]]. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).


=== Tips ===
=== Tips ===
* [[Lubricant]]
* The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the [[Tutorial:Circuit network cookbook#Oil_Setups|circuit-network cookbook]].
** If you run your Heavy oil pipe from the refineries past a Lubricant-making Chemical plant before sending it to the cracking Chemical plants, you can be sure that the Lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
* If you run your heavy oil pipe from the refineries past a lubricant-making chemical plant before sending it to the cracking chemical plants, you can be sure that the lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
** Most games will only ever need one lubricant-producing Chemical plant and one Storage tank for the lubricant.
* [[Solid fuel]] is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.
** Since Lubricant is only used for [[Express transport belt]]s and [[Electric engine]]s, and the only other use of Heavy oil is flamethrower ammo, and cracking into Light oil (the Heavy oil to [[Solid fuel]] production ratio is terrible compared to cracking it first), you may want to consider placing your production of robots and belt assembly near your Oil refineries, so lubricant doesn't need to be sent as far.
 
* [[Solid fuel]]
** Solid fuel is most efficient when created from [[Light oil]]. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.
** The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough.
 


=== Transporting fluids ===
=== Transporting fluids ===
Line 126: Line 37:
* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* Loading the fluids into [[Barrel]]s and transporting them by [[Railway]]s or the [[Logistic network]]
* Loading the fluids into [[Barrel]]s and transporting them by [[Railway]], [[Transport belts]], or the [[Logistic network]]


== Optimal Ratios ==
== Optimal Ratios ==
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.


=== Produce Petroleum gas ===
=== Petroleum gas production ===


For producing petroleum gas, when you apply '''1''' Oil Refinery to the optimal Advanced oil processing ratio 25:3:21 (advanced oil processing : heavy cracking : light cracking), you get '''1''':0.12:0.84. Round that up to get '''1''':0.2:1, which means:
For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.
* 10 Oil Refinery on Advanced oil processing
* 2 Chemical plant on Heavy oil cracking
* 10 Chemical plants on Light oil cracking


Different ratios are close enough such as 8:1:7.
One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).


The setup above will not jam, but it will have temporarily inactive buildings. If you round down, it will no longer have inactive buildings, but it will jam (over time).
The refining can be sped up with [[module]]s; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using [[productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).


This can be sped up with [[module]]s, but to prevent jams or inactive buildings, however it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing down (by using [[Productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since these ratios are only mathematically correct if all the buildings have the same speed, and have 100% productivity (In other words, no bonuses).
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
 
!colspan="5" |Petroleum production output with modules
Calculating the optimal ratios is relatively challenging, since not all of the durations of the processes are the same (the crafting speed of a chemical plant is 1.25, but the refinery's is 1.0). If this were not taken in account, it will lead to (temporarily) inactive buildings, which is not optimal.
 
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50em;">
The math for various module configurations
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="7"|Oil refinery
|-
|-
!  
!colspan="1" style="width: 230px; text-align: left;" |Module configuration
|colspan="2"|No modules
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |None
|colspan="2"|Prod 3 + 8x2 spd beacon
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 1 (*)
|colspan="2"|Prod 3 + 14/12x2 spd beacon
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 2
!colspan="1" |Units
|-
|-
! Raw oil consumption
!colspan="5"|Oil refinery
| 100 ||  || 100 ||  || 100 ||  
|-
|-
! Water consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Crude oil consumption
| 50 ||  || 50 || || 50 ||  
| 100 || 100 || 100 ||  
|-
|-
! Crafting speed
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 5 || sec/final item || 5 || sec/final item || 5 || sec/final item
| 50 || 50 || 50 ||  
|-
|-
! Heavy output
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 10 ||  || 10 || || 10 ||  
| 5 || 5 || 5 || s / final item
|-
|-
! Light output
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil output
| 45 ||  || 45 || || 45 ||  
| 25 || 25 || 25 ||  
|-
|-
! Petro output
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 55 ||  || 55 || || 55 ||  
| 45 || 45 || 45 ||  
|-
|-
! Raw machine crafting speed
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 1 || crafts/sec || 1 || crafts/sec || 1 || crafts/sec
| 55 || 55 || 55 ||  
|-
|-
! Craft boost
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 100% ||  || 505% || || 805% ||  
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
! Output bonus
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || Final items || 130% || Final items || 130% || Final items
| 100% || 455% || 855% ||  
|-
|-
! Total Raw oil consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 20 || per sec || 101 || per sec || 161 || per sec
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
|-
! Total Water consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Crude oil consumption
| 10 || per sec || 50,5 || per sec || 80,5 || per sec
| 20 || 91 || 171 || per second
|-
|-
! Total Heavy output
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 2 || per sec || 13,13 || per sec || 20,93 || per sec
| 10 || 45.5 || 85.5 || per second
|-
|-
! Total Light output
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil output
| 9 || per sec || 59,085 || per sec || 94,185 || per sec
| 5 || 29.575 || 55.575 || per second
|-
|-
! Total Petro output
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 11 || per sec || 72,215 || per sec || 115,115 || per sec
| 9 || 53.235 || 100.035 || per second
|-
|-
!  
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| ||  ||  || || ||  
| 11 || 65.065 || 122.265 || per second
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|Heavy to light cracking
!colspan="5"|Heavy oil cracking
|-
|-
! Heavy consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil consumption
| 40 ||  || 40 ||  || 40 ||  
| 40 || 40 || 40 ||  
|-
|-
! Water consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 ||  || 30 ||  || 30 ||  
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
|-
|-
! Crafting speed
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 3 || sec/final item || 3 || sec/final item || 3 || sec/final item
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
|-
! Light output
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 30 ||  || 30 ||  || 30 ||  
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
|-
|-
! Raw machine crafting speed
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1,25 || crafts/sec || 1,25 || crafts/sec || 1,25 || crafts/sec
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
! Craft boost
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% ||  || 455% ||  || 655% ||  
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||  
|-
|-
! Output bonus
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || Final items || 130% || Final items || 130% || Final items
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
|-
! Total Heavy consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil consumption
| 16,66666667 || per sec || 75,83333333 || per sec || 109,1666667 || per sec
| 20 || 91 || 131 || per second
|-
|-
! Total Water consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 12,5 || per sec || 56,875 || per sec || 81,875 || per sec
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
|-
! Total Light output
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 12,5 || per sec || 73,9375 || per sec || 106,4375 || per sec
| 15 || 88.725 || 127.725 || per second
|-
|-
!  
!colspan="5"|Light oil cracking
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|Heavy to light cracking
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
|-
! Light consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 ||  || 30 ||  || 30 ||  
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
|-
|-
! Water consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 30 ||  || 30 || || 30 ||  
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
|-
! Crafting speed
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 3 || sec/final item || 3 || sec/final item || 3 || sec/final item
| 20 || 20 || 20 ||  
|-
|-
! Petro output
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 20 ||  || 20 || || 20 ||  
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
! Raw machine crafting speed
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 1,25 || crafts/sec || 1,25 || crafts/sec || 1,25 || crafts/sec
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||  
|-
|-
! Craft boost
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || || 455% || || 655% ||  
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
|-
! Output bonus
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil consumption
| 100% || Final items || 130% || Final items || 130% || Final items
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
|-
! Total Light consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 12,5 || per sec || 56,875 || per sec || 81,875 || per sec
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
|-
! Total Water consumption
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 12,5 || per sec || 56,875 || per sec || 81,875 || per sec
| 10 || 59.15 || 85.15 || per second
|-
|-
! Total Petro output
!colspan="5"|Ratio
| 8,333333333 || per sec || 49,29166667 || per sec || 70,95833333 || per sec
|-
|-
!  
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil cracking
| ||  ||  || || ||  
| 0.25 || 0.325 || 0.424 ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|Ratio
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil cracking
| 0.85 || 1.2025 || 1.57 ||
|-
|-
! Heavy cracking
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum gas output
| 0,12 ||  || 0,173142857 ||  || 0,191725191 ||
| 19.5 || 136.193 || 255.923 || per second
|-
! Light cracking
| 0,84 ||  || 1,263942857 ||  || 1,399593893 ||
|-
! Output
| 18 || per sec || 134,51685 || per sec || 214,42785 || per sec
|-
|-
|colspan="5" style="width: 600px; text-align: left;" | '''* Notes to table:''' ''Config 1'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. ''Config 2'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.
|}
|}
</div></div>
 
For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.
 
== History ==
{{history|0.17.60|
* Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.}}
 
{{history|0.17.0|
* Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.}}
 
{{history|0.15.0|
* Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.}}
 
{{history|0.9.1|
* Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.}}
 
{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced
**Basic oil processing
**Advanced oil processing}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Liquids]]
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Barrel]]
* [[Barrel]]

Revision as of 11:56, 23 November 2020

Oil processing is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to the researched technology, the recipe used in the oil refinery, or the overall workings of oil.

Overview

There are various recipes that can be used to process crude oil into its fractions. Its fraction (heavy oil, light oil and petroleum gas) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.

Process Input Output Machine Required technology Internal name
Basic oil processing.png
Basic oil processing
Time.png
5
+
Crude oil.png
100
Petroleum gas.png
45
Oil refinery.png
Oil processing (research).png
Oil processing
basic-oil-processing
Advanced oil processing.png
Advanced oil processing
Time.png
5
+
Crude oil.png
100
+
Water.png
50
Heavy oil.png
25
+
Light oil.png
45
+
Petroleum gas.png
55
Oil refinery.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
advanced-oil-processing
Heavy oil cracking.png
Heavy oil cracking
Time.png
2
+
Heavy oil.png
40
+
Water.png
30
Light oil.png
30
Chemical plant.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
heavy-oil-cracking
Light oil cracking.png
Light oil cracking
Time.png
2
+
Light oil.png
30
+
Water.png
30
Petroleum gas.png
20
Chemical plant.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
light-oil-cracking
Coal liquefaction.png
Coal liquefaction
Time.png
5
+
Coal.png
10
+
Heavy oil.png
25
+
Steam.png
50
Heavy oil.png
90
+
Light oil.png
20
+
Petroleum gas.png
10
Oil refinery.png
Coal liquefaction.png
Coal liquefaction
coal-liquefaction

Setting up oil processing

Pumpjacks need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of Crude oil per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.

Crude oil must be refined in an oil refinery. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated.

Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: heavy oil, light oil and petroleum gas. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a storage tank. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a chemical plant (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).

Tips

  • The circuit network can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the circuit-network cookbook.
  • If you run your heavy oil pipe from the refineries past a lubricant-making chemical plant before sending it to the cracking chemical plants, you can be sure that the lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
  • Solid fuel is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.

Transporting fluids

There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:

Optimal Ratios

The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.

Petroleum gas production

For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.

One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).

The refining can be sped up with modules; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using productivity modules) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).

Petroleum production output with modules
Module configuration None Config 1 (*) Config 2 Units
Oil refinery
Crude oil consumption 100 100 100
Water consumption 50 50 50
Crafting speed 5 5 5 s / final item
Heavy oil output 25 25 25
Light oil output 45 45 45
Petroleum output 55 55 55
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 855%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Crude oil consumption 20 91 171 per second
Total Water consumption 10 45.5 85.5 per second
Total Heavy oil output 5 29.575 55.575 per second
Total Light oil output 9 53.235 100.035 per second
Total Petroleum output 11 65.065 122.265 per second
Heavy oil cracking
Heavy oil consumption 40 40 40
Water consumption 30 30 30
Crafting speed 2 2 2 s / final item
Light oil output 30 30 30
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 655%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Heavy oil consumption 20 91 131 per second
Total Water consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Light oil output 15 88.725 127.725 per second
Light oil cracking
Light oil consumption 30 30 30
Water consumption 30 30 30
Crafting speed 2 2 2 s / final item
Petroleum output 20 20 20
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 655%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Light oil consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Water consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Petroleum output 10 59.15 85.15 per second
Ratio
Heavy oil cracking 0.25 0.325 0.424
Light oil cracking 0.85 1.2025 1.57
Petroleum gas output 19.5 136.193 255.923 per second
* Notes to table: Config 1 is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. Config 2 is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.

For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.

History

  • 0.17.60:
    • Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.
  • 0.17.0:
    • Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.
  • 0.15.0:
    • Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.
  • 0.9.1:
    • Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.
  • 0.9.0:
    • Introduced
      • Basic oil processing
      • Advanced oil processing

See also