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Inserters: Difference between revisions

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''For the common yellow electrical inserter, see [[Inserter]].''
''For the common yellow electrical inserter, see [[Inserter]].''


'''Inserters''' are devices which are used to move items over short distances. When placed, they have a fixed direction. They can move items from behind and place them in front of them. By doing this, they can move items from one transport belt to another, but also extract items from—and insert items into—machines or storage devices. There are seven types of inserters, all requiring electricity to run (except the Burner Inserter, which burns [[Fuel|fuel]]).
'''Inserters''' are devices which are used to move items over short distances. When placed, they have a fixed direction. They can move items from behind and place them in front of them. By doing this, they can move items from one transport belt to another, but also extract items from—and insert items into—machines or storage devices.


== Types Of Inserters ==
== Types of inserters ==


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter|Burner inserter}} || The only [[fuel]]-powered inserter.
| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || The only [[fuel]]-powered inserter.
|-
|-
| {{Imagelink|Inserter|Inserter}} || The standard electrical inserter.
| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || The standard electrical inserter.
|-
|-
| {{Imagelink|Long handed inserter|Long handed inserter}} || Capable of inserting and removing items from a greater distance.
| {{Imagelink|Long handed inserter}} || Capable of inserting and removing items from a greater distance.
|-
|-
| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter|Fast inserter}} || Much faster than the Basic inserter.
| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} || Much faster than the inserter.
|-
|-
| {{Imagelink|Filter inserter|Filter inserter}} || Variant of the Fast inserter that can filter items by type.
| {{Imagelink|Filter inserter}} || Variant of the fast inserter that can filter items by type.
|-
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|Stack inserter}} || As fast as the Fast inserter but can move many more items at the same time.
| {{Imagelink|Stack inserter}} || As fast as the fast inserter but can move many more items at the same time.
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|stack_filter_inserter|Stack filter inserter}} || Variant of the Stack inserter that can filter items by type.
| {{imagelink|Stack filter inserter}} || Variant of the stack inserter that can filter items by type.
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 25: Line 25:
==Mechanics==
==Mechanics==
Inserters '''will''':
Inserters '''will''':
* '''Pick up''' Items off the ground, off of a [[Transport belts|Transport belt]], or from any object that has storage space, including [[Chests|chests]], [[furnace]]s and [[assembling machine]]s.
* Pick up items off the ground, off of a [[Transport belts|Transport belt]], or from any object that has storage space, including [[Chests|chests]], [[furnace]]s and [[assembling machine]]s.
* '''Place''' the item onto the ground, onto a transport belt, or into any object that has storage space.
* Place the item onto the ground, onto a transport belt, or into any object that has storage space.
* Run at slower speeds when starved for energy.
* Run at slower speeds when starved for energy.
* Pick up as many items as their [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|stack size]] allows at once, if they do not have to wait too long to pick them up.


Inserters will '''not''':
Inserters '''will not''':
* Pick up any items that can not be inserted into the adjacent entity.
* Pick up any items that can not be inserted into the adjacent entity.
* Pick up items to place into an entity with a full inventory.
* Pick up items to place into an entity with a full inventory.
* Place more than one item at a time onto the same ground tile.
* Place more than one item at a time onto the same ground tile.
* Place items into a stack limited inventory, beyond the stack limit (red slots).
* Place items into an entity that can not hold them, for example due to [[Stack#Filtered_stacks|filtered]] or [[Stack#Stack_limitation|limited slots]].
* Fill up the entire target inventory of [[boiler]]s, [[nuclear reactor]]s, [[Category:Producers|production building]]s, [[furnace]]s, and [[turret]]s.


Inserters act differently depending on what they are moving items to/into so as not to monopolize all of the items being picked up. This allows other machines and inserters on the same transport belt to pick up a share of the items. If two inserters are picking up from the same tile, the first placed inserter has priority.
If two or more inserters are picking up from the same tile, the inserter who can grab the items the fastest will grab them first. Besides faster inserters, this favors inserters taking from the inner lane of a transport belt.


==Insertion Limits==
=== Insertion limits ===
Inserters will stop inserting items into certain buildings if they already have enough of that item. For example, if a boiler has 5 or more items of fuel in it, an inserter will not insert additional fuel. When the fuel drops below 5 items, the inserter will continue to insert more fuel, up to the limit of 5 items.
Depending on where an inserter is moving items, it does not always fill up the entire target inventory. This allows other inserters taking from the same transport belt to pick up their share of the items. For example, if a boiler has 5 or more items of fuel in it, an inserter will not insert additional fuel. This allows the other fuel to travel further down the transport belt. When the fuel drops below 5 items, the inserter will resume inserting fuel, up to the limit of 5 items.
 
This is to allow for all machines to receive their share of items. The common limits on insertion are shown in the table below.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Entity !! Item type !! Inserter limit !! Comment
! Entity !! Item type !! Automatic insertion limit
|-
|-
| [[Boiler]]s, [[Burner inserter]]s, [[Furnace]]s || [[Fuel]] || align="center" | 5 ||
| [[Boiler]]s, [[burner inserter]]s, [[furnace]]s, and [[nuclear reactor]]s || [[Fuel]] || align="center" | 5
|-
|-
| [[Gun turret]]s || Bullet Magazines || align="center" | 10 || Since v0.8.4. Allows for 100 shots before depleting.
| [[Gun turret]]s || Bullet Magazines || align="center" | 10
|-
|-
| [[Assembling machine]]s || Items needed for the recipe || Double the number of items needed in the recipe ||
| [[Artillery turret]]s || [[Artillery shell]]s || align="center" | 5
|-
|-
| [[Furnace]]s || Items needed for the recipe || Double the number of items needed in the recipe ||
| [[Assembling machine]]s, [[furnace]]s, [[centrifuge]]s, [[chemical plant]]s, and [[Oil refinery|oil refineries]]|| Items needed for the recipe || The ingredients for 1 craft additionally to ingredients for the number of crafts that can complete during one full inserter swing; but at least the ingredients for 2 crafts and at most the ingredients for 100 crafts.
|-
|-
| [[Lab]]s || [[Science pack]]s || Double the number of items needed for one research point ||
| [[Lab]]s || [[Science pack]]s || Double the number of science packs needed for one research unit.
|}
|}


An inserter that takes items from an object containing [[Stack|stacks]] of items (such as a chest) can overfill the target building due to the [[Inserter capacity bonus (research)]] research. Overfilling can also happen if  multiple inserters are used to insert items into one building.
An inserter that has a higher [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|inserter capacity bonus]] than 1 can overfill the target building, due to the inserter picking up a higher amount of items than needed. Overfilling can also occur if  multiple inserters are used to insert items into one building.


==Inserters And Transport Belt Interaction ==
=== Inserters and transport belts ===
[[Transport belts]] have two lanes on which items can travel. Inserters only place items onto one side of the belt. Which side they place it on depends on the orientation of the inserter and the belt, as described below.
[[Transport belts]] have two lanes on which items can travel. Inserters only place items onto one side of the belt, either the far side from the inserter's perspective or if the belt is going the same or the opposite direction as the inserter the right side from the belt's perspective.


<div><ul>
<li style="display:inline-block;">
{|
{|
| style="width:300px;height:345px;" | [[File:PlaceOnFarSide.gif]]  
| style="width:320px;" | [[File:Inserter_dropoff_locations.gif]] || [[File:Inserter_pickup_locations.gif]]
|-
|-
| Inserters will '''always''' place the item on the furthest lane.
| style="width:320px;" | Inserters place the item on the furthest lane. If a belt is in the same orientation as the inserter, the item will be placed on the right-hand lane, from the belt's perspective. If the item is placed on a corner piece, it will be put on the inside of the curve, regardless of orientation.
|} </li>
| style="width:320px;" | Inserters '''prefer''' taking items from the nearest lane. If the nearest lane is empty, the inserter will take from the far lane. If a belt is in the same orientation as the inserter, the inserter '''prefers''' taking from the left lane, from the belt's perspective. If the left lane is empty it will take from the right lane.
<li style="display: inline-block;">
{|
| style="width:300px;" | [[File:TakeFromNearSide.gif]]
|-
| Inserters '''prefer''' taking items from the nearest lane. If the nearest lane is empty, the inserter will take from the far lane.
|}
</li><li style="display: inline-block;">
{|
| style="width:300px;" | [[File:PlaceOnRightSide.gif]]
|-
| If a belt is in the same orientation as the inserter, the item will be placed on the right-hand lane, from the belt's perspective.
|}  
|}  
</li><li style="display: inline-block;">
{|
| style="width:300px;" | [[File:PlaceOnInsideOfCorner.gif]]
|-
| If the item is placed on a corner piece, it will be put on the inside of the curve, regardless of orientation.
|} </li>
</ul></div>


== Potential Issues ==
=== Potential issues ===
Inserters may have problems picking up items:
Inserters may have problems picking up items:


Line 96: Line 75:
* From turning belts if the item is on the inside of the corner
* From turning belts if the item is on the inside of the corner


==Inserter Item Stack Size Bonus==
== Power usage ==
 
If an inserter moves items from inventory to inventory (for example from an assembler into a chest), or (as of v0.13) from an inventory to a belt, it is able to transport more items at once. The secret behind this is the [[Inserter capacity bonus (research)]] research.
 
==Power Usage==
* Electric inserters drain energy even when they are not moving, as idle power
* Electric inserters drain energy even when they are not moving, as idle power
* The amount of energy used is the same for every movement
* The amount of energy used is the same for every turn
* The [[Burner inserter]] does not drain energy when idle, but uses more energy when it is active. It is quite useful for situations where the inserter does not need to move very often.
* The [[burner inserter]] does not drain energy when idle, but uses more energy when it is active.


==Inserter Speed==
== Inserter speed ==


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"

Revision as of 16:46, 5 March 2018

For the common yellow electrical inserter, see Inserter.

Inserters are devices which are used to move items over short distances. When placed, they have a fixed direction. They can move items from behind and place them in front of them. By doing this, they can move items from one transport belt to another, but also extract items from—and insert items into—machines or storage devices.

Types of inserters

Burner inserter.png
Burner inserter
The only fuel-powered inserter.
Inserter.png
Inserter
The standard electrical inserter.
Long handed inserter.png
Long handed inserter
Capable of inserting and removing items from a greater distance.
Fast inserter.png
Fast inserter
Much faster than the inserter.
Filter inserter.png
Filter inserter
Variant of the fast inserter that can filter items by type.
Stack inserter.png
Stack inserter
As fast as the fast inserter but can move many more items at the same time.
Stack filter inserter.png
Stack filter inserter
Variant of the stack inserter that can filter items by type.

Mechanics

Inserters will:

  • Pick up items off the ground, off of a Transport belt, or from any object that has storage space, including chests, furnaces and assembling machines.
  • Place the item onto the ground, onto a transport belt, or into any object that has storage space.
  • Run at slower speeds when starved for energy.
  • Pick up as many items as their stack size allows at once, if they do not have to wait too long to pick them up.

Inserters will not:

  • Pick up any items that can not be inserted into the adjacent entity.
  • Pick up items to place into an entity with a full inventory.
  • Place more than one item at a time onto the same ground tile.
  • Place items into an entity that can not hold them, for example due to filtered or limited slots.
  • Fill up the entire target inventory of boilers, nuclear reactors,s, furnaces, and turrets.

If two or more inserters are picking up from the same tile, the inserter who can grab the items the fastest will grab them first. Besides faster inserters, this favors inserters taking from the inner lane of a transport belt.

Insertion limits

Depending on where an inserter is moving items, it does not always fill up the entire target inventory. This allows other inserters taking from the same transport belt to pick up their share of the items. For example, if a boiler has 5 or more items of fuel in it, an inserter will not insert additional fuel. This allows the other fuel to travel further down the transport belt. When the fuel drops below 5 items, the inserter will resume inserting fuel, up to the limit of 5 items.

Entity Item type Automatic insertion limit
Boilers, burner inserters, furnaces, and nuclear reactors Fuel 5
Gun turrets Bullet Magazines 10
Artillery turrets Artillery shells 5
Assembling machines, furnaces, centrifuges, chemical plants, and oil refineries Items needed for the recipe The ingredients for 1 craft additionally to ingredients for the number of crafts that can complete during one full inserter swing; but at least the ingredients for 2 crafts and at most the ingredients for 100 crafts.
Labs Science packs Double the number of science packs needed for one research unit.

An inserter that has a higher inserter capacity bonus than 1 can overfill the target building, due to the inserter picking up a higher amount of items than needed. Overfilling can also occur if multiple inserters are used to insert items into one building.

Inserters and transport belts

Transport belts have two lanes on which items can travel. Inserters only place items onto one side of the belt, either the far side from the inserter's perspective or if the belt is going the same or the opposite direction as the inserter the right side from the belt's perspective.

Inserter dropoff locations.gif Inserter pickup locations.gif
Inserters place the item on the furthest lane. If a belt is in the same orientation as the inserter, the item will be placed on the right-hand lane, from the belt's perspective. If the item is placed on a corner piece, it will be put on the inside of the curve, regardless of orientation. Inserters prefer taking items from the nearest lane. If the nearest lane is empty, the inserter will take from the far lane. If a belt is in the same orientation as the inserter, the inserter prefers taking from the left lane, from the belt's perspective. If the left lane is empty it will take from the right lane.

Potential issues

Inserters may have problems picking up items:

  • From very fast belts, because the items are moving too quickly.
  • From the entry or exit of an underground belt (because the time they have to pick up is shorter)
  • From turning belts if the item is on the inside of the corner

Power usage

  • Electric inserters drain energy even when they are not moving, as idle power
  • The amount of energy used is the same for every turn
  • The burner inserter does not drain energy when idle, but uses more energy when it is active.

Inserter speed

Type Rotation-speed (turns per Game-tick)
Extension-speed (Tiles per Tick)
Turns per Game-second
Tiles per Game-second
Game-second per full turn
Game-seconds per Tile
Ticks per full turn
Ticks per Tile
Burner inserter.png
Burner inserter
0.01
0.0214
0.6
1.284
1.667
0.833
102
76
Inserter.png
Inserter
0.014
0.03
0.84
1.8
1.191
0.56
72
54
Long handed inserter.png
Long handed inserter
0.02
0.0457
1.2
2.742
0.833
0.416
52
36
Fast inserter.png
Fast inserter
Stack inserter.png
Stack inserter
Stack filter inserter.png
Stack filter inserter
0.04
0.07
2.4
4.2
0.417
0.238
26
24

Rotation Speed

Convention: 2π rad = 100% of a circle rotation = 1 turn (or one full rotation).

Note: an Inserter doesn't always need to make full turns. When grabbing from a transport belt, it is slightly faster when grabbing items from the closest lane.

Extension Speed

The extension-speed is normally not visible (only when compared to other inserters), but there are measurable speed differences when taking - for example - from the near or the far side of a belt. Also Some mods can alter the pickup and drop locations of inserters, making this stat more relevant.

Inserter Throughput

The following is based on experimental data gathered in version 0.15.

Inserter throughput between chests and other stacks is a simple function of stack size and arm speed:

n = Stack size

t_arm = Time to move the arm back and forth

Time per item = t_arm / n

Throughput (items/sec) = 1 / Time per item = n / t_arm

When moving items to or from belts, the time to pick up or put down items also becomes a factor:

t_item = Time to pick up or put down one item

t_cycle = Time to complete an arm cycle = t_arm + n*t_item

Time per item = t_cycle / n = t_item + t_arm / n

Throughput (items/sec) = 1 / (t_item + t_arm / n)

Note: Before 0.15.14, inserters were 1-4% less efficient when moving items from south to north.

Chest to chest

Type Arm cycles per second Items/second at capacity bonus level (stack size)
No capacity bonus Capacity bonus 2 Capacity bonus 7
Burner inserter.png
Burner inserter
0.59 0.59 (1) 1.18 (2) 1.76 (3)
Inserter.png
Inserter
0.83 0.83 (1) 1.67 (2) 2.50 (3)
Long handed inserter.png
Long handed inserter
1.15 1.15 (1) 2.31 (2) 3.46 (3)
Fast inserter.png
Fast inserter
Filter inserter.png
Filter inserter
2.31 2.31 (1) 4.62 (2) 6.93 (3)
Stack inserter.png
Stack inserter
Stack filter inserter.png
Stack filter inserter
2.31 4.62 (2) 9.23 (4) 27.70 (12)

Chest to belt

Throughput going from chest to belt depends on how full the belt is and how the items are spaced, i.e. if spaces are large enough to fill with items. Underground entrances and exits also makes it easier for the inserter to put down an item.

In these measurements inserters move items onto an empty perpendicular belt. Values are given for the stack sizes at three different capacity bonus levels.

Type Items/second at capacity bonus level (stack size)
No capacity bonus Capacity bonus 2 Capacity bonus 7
Transport belt.png Fast transport belt.png Express transport belt.png Transport belt.png Fast transport belt.png Express transport belt.png Transport belt.png Fast transport belt.png Express transport belt.png
Burner inserter.png
Burner inserter
0.59 0.59 0.59 (1) 1.10 1.13 1.14 (2) 1.53 1.62 1.67 (3)
Inserter.png
Inserter
0.83 0.83 0.83 (1) 1.52 1.58 1.60 (2) 2.05 2.22 2.31 (3)
Long handed inserter.png
Long handed inserter
1.15 1.15 1.15 (1) 2.03 2.14 2.18 (2) 2.65 2.95 3.10 (3)
Fast inserter.png
Fast inserter
Filter inserter.png
Filter inserter
2.31 2.31 2.31 (1) 3.64 4.00 4.14 (2) 4.29 5.14 5.63 (3)
Stack inserter.png
Stack inserter
Stack filter inserter.png
Stack filter inserter
3.64 4.00 4.14 (2) 4.71 6.15 6.86 (4) 5.90 9.60 12.20 (12)

To calculate the throughput for Stack inserter and Stack filter inserter at any capacity level, you can use these linearly fitted factors with the belt/chest throughput formula above:

Type
Transport belt.png
Transport belt
Fast transport belt.png
Fast transport belt
Express transport belt.png
Express transport belt
t_item t_arm t_item t_arm t_item t_arm
Stack inserter.png
Stack inserter
Stack filter inserter.png
Stack filter inserter
0.142 0.292 0.073 0.360 0.049 0.384

See the source spreadsheet for the corresponding factors for the other inserter types. Their errors are generally well below 1%.

Belt to chest

When picking items from a belt, many more factors come into play besides belt fullness:

  • How fast the items move (i.e. if they are queued up on the belt or move at belt speed).
  • Whether the belt is perpendicular to the inserter or approaches it head on.
  • Whether items are on the near or far lane of a perpendicular belt.
  • Whether the belt turns or not, and whether the items are in the inner or outer side of the bend.
  • If the belt is an underground entrance or exit. This shortens the time items are visible to the inserter for pickup.
  • All sorts of intricate timing factors between the inserter and the items on the belt, since the game simulates the arm homing in on every item.

The test setup used below is with an inserter taking items from a perpendicular belt with items on the far lane only. The belt is fully compressed and timings are both for items that move at full speed and queued up as much as possible. Values are given for the stack sizes at three different capacity bonus levels.

Type Items/second at capacity bonus level (stack size)
No capacity bonus Capacity bonus 2 Capacity bonus 7
Items at
belt speed
Items
queued
up
Items at
belt speed
Items
queued
up
Items at
belt speed
Items
queued
up
Transport belt.png Fast transport belt.png Express transport belt.png Transport belt.png Fast transport belt.png Express transport belt.png Transport belt.png Fast transport belt.png Express transport belt.png
Burner inserter.png
Burner inserter
0.56 0.56 0.51 0.65 (1) 1.11 1.07 0.98 1.18 (2) 1.43 1.54 1.43 1.75 (3)
Inserter.png
Inserter
0.83 0.74 0.77 0.90 (1) 1.57 1.48 1.45 1.62 (2) 2.00 2.11 2.07 2.40 (3)
Long handed inserter.png
Long handed inserter
1.16 1.11 1.11 1.22 (1) 2.22 2.22 2.11 2.31 (2) 3.08 3.08 3.16 3.33 (3)
Fast inserter.png
Fast inserter
Filter inserter.png
Filter inserter
2.22 2.22 2.14 2.40 (1) 4.17 3.81 4.00 4.29 (2) 5.71 5.45 5.46 6.21 (3)
Stack inserter.png
Stack inserter
Stack filter inserter.png
Stack filter inserter
4.17 3.81 4.00 4.29 (2) 6.67 6.67 6.15 6.67 /
7.50 /
7.74 *
(4) 6.67 10.00 12.00 6.67 /
11.61 /
13.58 *
(12)

*) Throughput for basic/fast/express belt.

Since there are many more factors involved, these measurements exhibit a more complex pattern than chest-to-belt.

  • Boldface cells show for which belt each inserter has the best throughput on each bonus level when items move at belt speed. Higher speed belts mean that inserters have to work harder to catch the fast moving items. The effect is most noticeable for slower inserters and smaller stack sizes.
  • When items are queued up the belt type hardly matters, so there is only a single column for that. The exceptions are the stack inserters - for basic transport belts it's the belt that sets the limit for stack sizes above 4, and there is also a notable difference between fast and express belts.

Here are linearly fitted factors to get the Stack inserter and Stack filter inserter throughput at any capacity level, by using the belt/chest throughput formula above:

Type
Transport belt.png
Transport belt
Fast transport belt.png
Fast transport belt
Express transport belt.png
Express transport belt
t_item t_arm t_item t_arm t_item t_arm
Stack inserter.png
Stack inserter
Stack filter inserter.png
Stack filter inserter
0.045* 0.403* 0.063 0.387 0.049 0.416

*) Since the belt is the limiting factor above stack size 4, these figures are only accurate up to that size. More than that and the throughput is fixed at 6.67 items per second.

See Also