Fulgora - Revision history

Dagorad62: /* Alternative Power */ Corrected units (water -> power fixed to water -> MJ and water/s -> MW)

2026-10-12T04:22:37Z

Alternative Power: Corrected units (water -> power fixed to water -> MJ and water/s -> MW)

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:22, 12 October 2026
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	<u>Solid Fuel Burning:</u>		<u>Solid Fuel Burning:</u>

	Using boilers with solid fuel offers 0.3 MW per unit of water, and offers an energy density of ~0.05 MW per tile of surface area (36 tiles for two steam engines and a boiler). Using a heat exchanger offers 0.97 MW per unit of water and offers an energy density of around 0.3 MW per tile (depending on layout), making it ~6x more space efficient and 3.2x more water efficient.		Using boilers with solid fuel offers 0.3 MJ per unit of water, and offers an energy density of ~0.05 MW per tile of surface area (36 tiles for two steam engines and a boiler). Using a heat exchanger offers 0.97 MJ per unit of water and offers an energy density of around 0.3 MW per tile (depending on layout), making it ~6x more space efficient and 3.2x more water efficient.

	If using native [[Scrap]] output ratios and no productivity on ice to water, one can obtain 7 solid fuel per 100 units of water per 100 scrap. This yields:		If using native [[Scrap]] output ratios and no productivity on ice to water, one can obtain 7 solid fuel per 100 units of water per 100 scrap. This yields:

Dagorad62: /* Lightning */ timing terminology fixed to align with time page

2026-10-11T15:50:31Z

Lightning: timing terminology fixed to align with time page

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 11 October 2026
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	Testing shows that lightning storms very likely have the following properties:		Testing shows that lightning storms very likely have the following properties:
	* The duration of lightning storms is 90 seconds, spanning half the cycle (during the in-game sunrise and sunset phase as well as night)		* The duration of lightning storms is 90 seconds, spanning half the cycle (during the in-game sunrise and sunset phase as well as night)
	* Storms start at 0 intensity and increase in intensity during ~~dusk~~, hold maximum intensity at night, then decrease in intensity during ~~dawn~~ (analogous to solar power).		* Storms start at 0 intensity and increase in intensity during sunset, hold maximum intensity at night, then decrease in intensity during sunrise(analogous to solar power).
	* The expected number of lightning strikes per second within a [[chunk]] starts at 0 then increases by 1/18000 each tick up to a maximum of 0.12 strikes per second. Hence, the number of lightning strikes per chunk per tick follows a [[Wikipedia: Poisson distribution\|Poisson distribution]] with Poisson_parameter(t) = expected_number_of_strikes(t).		* The expected number of lightning strikes per second within a [[chunk]] starts at 0 then increases by 1/18000 each tick up to a maximum of 0.12 strikes per second. Hence, the number of lightning strikes per chunk per tick follows a [[Wikipedia: Poisson distribution\|Poisson distribution]] with Poisson_parameter(t) = expected_number_of_strikes(t).
	* At peak intensity, each chunk is expected to get 0.12 strikes per seconds. This is one strike every 8.33 seconds.		* At peak intensity, each chunk is expected to get 0.12 strikes per seconds. This is one strike every 8.33 seconds.

Dagorad62: /* Lightning */ Clarifications and errors corrected.

2026-10-11T15:40:50Z

Lightning: Clarifications and errors corrected.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 11 October 2026
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	Testing shows that lightning storms very likely have the following properties:		Testing shows that lightning storms very likely have the following properties:
	* The duration of lightning storms is 90 seconds, spanning half the cycle (during the in game sunrise and sunset phase as well as night)		* The duration of lightning storms is 90 seconds, spanning half the cycle (during the in-game sunrise and sunset phase as well as night)
	* Storms start at 0 intensity and increase in intensity ~~the first 40% of the night~~, hold maximum intensity ~~the middle 20% of the~~ night, then decrease in intensity ~~the last 40% of the night~~ (analogous to solar power).		* Storms start at 0 intensity and increase in intensity during dusk, hold maximum intensity at night, then decrease in intensity during dawn (analogous to solar power).
	* The ~~probability~~ of a lightning ~~strike~~ within a [[chunk]] starts at 0 ~~strikes per second and~~ increases by 1/18000 each tick up to a maximum ~~intensity~~ of 0.12 strikes per second. ~~This probability is held for 36 seconds then~~ the ~~process reverses. This probability should be interpreted as~~ a [[Wikipedia: Poisson ~~Distribution~~\|~~poisson parameter~~]].		* The expected number of lightning strikes per second within a [[chunk]] starts at 0 then increases by 1/18000 each tick up to a maximum of 0.12 strikes per second. Hence, the number of lightning strikes per chunk per tick follows a [[Wikipedia: Poisson distribution\|Poisson distribution]] with Poisson_parameter(t) = expected_number_of_strikes(t).
	* At peak intensity, each chunk is expected to ~~generate a strike every~~ 0.12 seconds. This is one strike every 8.33 seconds.		* At peak intensity, each chunk is expected to get 0.12 strikes per seconds. This is one strike every 8.33 seconds.
	* One can expect 6.48 lightning strikes per chunk per night.		* One can expect 6.48 lightning strikes per chunk per night (or 0.072 strikes per second on average). This follows directly from the properties of Poisson random variables and has been verified empirically. For the vast majority of purposes, treating lightning at night as having constant rate will be accurate enough.
			* Taken together this makes the timestamps of lightning strikes able to be modeled as an [[Wikipedia: poisson point process#Inhomogeneous_Poisson_point_process\|inhomogenous Poisson point process]]. However such detailed modelling is unnecessary.

	Individual lightning strikes likely have the following behavior:		Individual lightning strikes likely have the following behavior:

Dagorad62: /* Lightning */

2026-10-11T03:05:53Z

Lightning

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:05, 11 October 2026
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	* If a lightning strike is to generate, a tile/coordinate is chosen as the source. A target for the lightning strike is then chosen within <code>lightning_reach</code> tiles based on priority and lightning attractors nearby.		* If a lightning strike is to generate, a tile/coordinate is chosen as the source. A target for the lightning strike is then chosen within <code>lightning_reach</code> tiles based on priority and lightning attractors nearby.
	* <code>lightning_reach</code> = 10.		* <code>lightning_reach</code> = 10.
	* Any lightning with a source that is within <code>range ~~+ lightning_reach~~</code> of a lightning attractor (i.e. a [[lightning rod]] or [[lightning collector]]) will count that attractor as a valid target. Since lightning attractors have the highest priority, this ensures strikes within ~~<code>~~range ~~+ lightning_reach</code>~~ of a lightning attractor will always hit the attractor.		* Any lightning with a source that is within <code>range</code> meters of a lightning attractor (i.e. a [[Fulgoran lightning attractor]], a [[lightning rod]], or a [[lightning collector]]) will count that attractor as a valid target. Since lightning attractors have the highest priority, this ensures strikes within range of a lightning attractor will always hit the attractor (or an attractor if multiple are nearby). Keep in mind lightning attractor range is: <code>building_reach + lightning_reach</code>
	* Lightning will prefer striking the entity with the highest priority, choosing randomly between entities tied for highest priority.		* Lightning will prefer striking the entity with the highest priority, choosing randomly between entities tied for highest priority.
	* Lightning deals 100 electric damage to struck entities.		* Lightning deals 100 electric damage to struck entities.
			* Lightning strikes contain 1 GJ of energy that can be used to charge lightning attractors

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Dagorad62: /* Lightning */ Lightning damage amount noted

2026-10-11T00:43:28Z

Lightning: Lightning damage amount noted

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:43, 11 October 2026
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	* Any lightning with a source that is within <code>range + lightning_reach</code> of a lightning attractor (i.e. a [[lightning rod]] or [[lightning collector]]) will count that attractor as a valid target. Since lightning attractors have the highest priority, this ensures strikes within <code>range + lightning_reach</code> of a lightning attractor will always hit the attractor.		* Any lightning with a source that is within <code>range + lightning_reach</code> of a lightning attractor (i.e. a [[lightning rod]] or [[lightning collector]]) will count that attractor as a valid target. Since lightning attractors have the highest priority, this ensures strikes within <code>range + lightning_reach</code> of a lightning attractor will always hit the attractor.
	* Lightning will prefer striking the entity with the highest priority, choosing randomly between entities tied for highest priority.		* Lightning will prefer striking the entity with the highest priority, choosing randomly between entities tied for highest priority.
			* Lightning deals 100 electric damage to struck entities.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Dagorad62: /* Lightning */ Finally refined lightning strike behavior with empirical data and estimation.

2026-10-11T00:42:39Z

Lightning: Finally refined lightning strike behavior with empirical data and estimation.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:42, 11 October 2026
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	== Mechanics ==		== Mechanics ==
	=== Lightning ===		=== Lightning ===
	During [[time\|nighttime]], dense thunderstorms occur on Fulgora, with frequent lightning strikes occurring across the surface. ~~Lightning will strike each [[chunk]] once~~, ~~every 10 seconds or~~ so ~~(<code>lightnings_per_chunk_per_tick = 1 / (60 * 10)~~, ~~--cca once per chunk every~~ 10 ~~seconds (600 ticks)</code>)~~		During [[time\|nighttime]], dense thunderstorms occur on Fulgora, with frequent lightning strikes occurring across the surface. Each tick a coordinate may become a source of lightning and, if so, lightning will strike within 10 tiles of the source.

	~~If a~~ lightning ~~strike~~ is ~~set~~ to ~~occur near~~ a [[lightning ~~rod]],~~ [[~~lightning collector~~]]~~, or~~ [[~~Fulgoran lightning attractor~~]], ~~then the lightning will always hit said entity, rendering the lightning harmless~~. ~~However, if such an entity~~ can ~~not be found, the~~ lightning ~~will strike where it occurs, causing damage to nearby entities~~.		Testing shows that lightning storms very likely have the following properties:
			* The duration of lightning storms is 90 seconds, spanning half the cycle (during the in game sunrise and sunset phase as well as night)
			* Storms start at 0 intensity and increase in intensity the first 40% of the night, hold maximum intensity the middle 20% of the night, then decrease in intensity the last 40% of the night (analogous to solar power).
			* The probability of a lightning strike within a [[chunk]] starts at 0 strikes per second and increases by 1/18000 each tick up to a maximum intensity of 0.12 strikes per second. This probability is held for 36 seconds then the process reverses. This probability should be interpreted as a [[Wikipedia: Poisson Distribution\|poisson parameter]].
			* At peak intensity, each chunk is expected to generate a strike every 0.12 seconds. This is one strike every 8.33 seconds.
			* One can expect 6.48 lightning strikes per chunk per night.

	Lightning will prefer striking the entity with the highest priority, choosing randomly between entities tied for highest priority.		Individual lightning strikes likely have the following behavior:
			* If a lightning strike is to generate, a tile/coordinate is chosen as the source. A target for the lightning strike is then chosen within <code>lightning_reach</code> tiles based on priority and lightning attractors nearby.
	~~The duration of lightning storms is 90 seconds, spanning half the cycle (during the in game sunrise and sunset phase as well as night)~~		* <code>lightning_reach</code> = 10.
			* Any lightning with a source that is within <code>range + lightning_reach</code> of a lightning attractor (i.e. a [[lightning rod]] or [[lightning collector]]) will count that attractor as a valid target. Since lightning attractors have the highest priority, this ensures strikes within <code>range + lightning_reach</code> of a lightning attractor will always hit the attractor.
			* Lightning will prefer striking the entity with the highest priority, choosing randomly between entities tied for highest priority.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Dagorad62: /* Alternative Power */

2026-10-09T21:16:33Z

Alternative Power

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:16, 9 October 2026
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	<u>Water Production</u>		<u>Water Production</u>

	1 unstacked blue belt is 45 scrap per second. If run during only 50% of the day, this means each blue belt can provide at most 27 MW (via steam engines) or ~87 MW (via steam turbines) of power during the day without productivity on either scrap output or ice to water. Keep in mind that most Fulgora setups require some water so this is only an upper bound, not an estimate of what is sustainable. When recycling scrap becomes output bound, one is limited to 45MW and 145MW respectively per blue belt of scrap output.		1 unstacked blue belt is 45 scrap per second. If run during only 50% of the day, this means each blue belt can provide at most 27 MW (via steam engines) or ~87 MW (via steam turbines) of power during the day without productivity on either scrap output or ice to water. Keep in mind that most Fulgora setups require some water so this is only an upper bound, not an estimate of what is sustainable. When recycling scrap becomes output bound, one is limited to 45MW and 145MW respectively per blue belt of scrap output. With normal productivity module 3s on ice to water this can rise to 58.5 MW and ~190 MW respectively.

	~~With productivity module 3s on ice to water this can rise to 58.5 MW and ~190 MW respectively.~~ Water can also be imported from off planet if supply is a significant issue. But since power demand is correlated with scrap processing, it is unlikely that this will be necessary. For example, 240 scrap-output per second (1 stacked turbo belt of gears, solid fuel, ice, etc.) provides enough ice for at most 1 GW of power generation during the day:		Water can also be imported from off planet if supply is a significant issue. But since power demand is correlated with scrap processing, it is unlikely that this will be necessary. For example, 240 scrap-output per second (1 stacked turbo belt of gears, solid fuel, ice, etc.) provides enough ice for at most 1 GW of power generation during the day:

	<code>240 output/sec x 0.0833 ice/output x 20 water/ice x 1.3 (productivity) x 2 (run half the day) = ~1040 water/sec in daytime --> ~1 GW power</code>		<code>240 output/sec x 0.0833 ice/output x 20 water/ice x 1.3 (productivity) x 2 (run half the day) = ~1040 water/sec in daytime --> ~1 GW power</code>

Dagorad62: /* Alternative Power */ Ice -> water

2026-10-09T21:14:34Z

Alternative Power: Ice -> water

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:14, 9 October 2026
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	* Via heating tower + heat exchangers: 210 MJ from solid fuel, 97 MJ from water. Thus only 46% of solid fuel can be used.		* Via heating tower + heat exchangers: 210 MJ from solid fuel, 97 MJ from water. Thus only 46% of solid fuel can be used.

	<u>~~Ice~~ Production</u>		<u>Water Production</u>

	1 unstacked blue belt is 45 scrap per second. If run during only 50% of the day, this means each blue belt can provide at most 27 MW (via steam engines) or ~87 MW (via steam turbines) of power during the day without productivity on either scrap output or ice to water. Keep in mind that most Fulgora setups require some water so this is only an upper bound, not an estimate of what is sustainable. When recycling scrap becomes output bound, one is limited to 45MW and 145MW respectively per blue belt of scrap output.		1 unstacked blue belt is 45 scrap per second. If run during only 50% of the day, this means each blue belt can provide at most 27 MW (via steam engines) or ~87 MW (via steam turbines) of power during the day without productivity on either scrap output or ice to water. Keep in mind that most Fulgora setups require some water so this is only an upper bound, not an estimate of what is sustainable. When recycling scrap becomes output bound, one is limited to 45MW and 145MW respectively per blue belt of scrap output.

Dagorad62: /* Alternative Power */

2026-10-09T21:14:05Z

Alternative Power

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:14, 9 October 2026
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	The lightning mechanic offers free electricity, but this is not always adequate on its own and it may be desirable to setup auxiliary or backup power for when accumulators run low. The primary considerations or limiting factors to setting up power generation are water from ice, and physical space due to the lack of usable land on the surface.		The lightning mechanic offers free electricity, but this is not always adequate on its own and it may be desirable to setup auxiliary or backup power for when accumulators run low. The primary considerations or limiting factors to setting up power generation are water from ice, and physical space due to the lack of usable land on the surface.

	~~====~~Solid Fuel Burning~~====~~		<u>Solid Fuel Burning:</u>

	Using boilers with solid fuel offers 0.3 MW per unit of water, and offers an energy density of ~0.05 MW per tile of surface area (36 tiles for two steam engines and a boiler). Using a heat exchanger offers 0.97 MW per unit of water and offers an energy density of around 0.3 MW per tile (depending on layout), making it ~6x more space efficient and 3.2x more water efficient.		Using boilers with solid fuel offers 0.3 MW per unit of water, and offers an energy density of ~0.05 MW per tile of surface area (36 tiles for two steam engines and a boiler). Using a heat exchanger offers 0.97 MW per unit of water and offers an energy density of around 0.3 MW per tile (depending on layout), making it ~6x more space efficient and 3.2x more water efficient.

	If using native [[Scrap]] output ratios and no productivity on ice to water, one can obtain 7 solid fuel per 100 units of water per 100 scrap. This yields:		If using native [[Scrap]] output ratios and no productivity on ice to water, one can obtain 7 solid fuel per 100 units of water per 100 scrap. This yields:
	* Via boilers: 84 MJ from solid fuel, 30 MJ from water. Thus only 35% of solid fuel can be used.		* Via boilers: 84 MJ from solid fuel, 30 MJ from water. Thus only 35% of solid fuel can be used.
	* Via heating tower + heat exchangers: 210 MJ from solid fuel, 97 MJ from water. Thus only 46% of solid fuel can be used.		* Via heating tower + heat exchangers: 210 MJ from solid fuel, 97 MJ from water. Thus only 46% of solid fuel can be used.

			<u>Ice Production</u>

	~~====Fulgora Ice Production====~~
	1 unstacked blue belt is 45 scrap per second. If run during only 50% of the day, this means each blue belt can provide at most 27 MW (via steam engines) or ~87 MW (via steam turbines) of power during the day without productivity on either scrap output or ice to water. Keep in mind that most Fulgora setups require some water so this is only an upper bound, not an estimate of what is sustainable. When recycling scrap becomes output bound, one is limited to 45MW and 145MW respectively per blue belt of scrap output.		1 unstacked blue belt is 45 scrap per second. If run during only 50% of the day, this means each blue belt can provide at most 27 MW (via steam engines) or ~87 MW (via steam turbines) of power during the day without productivity on either scrap output or ice to water. Keep in mind that most Fulgora setups require some water so this is only an upper bound, not an estimate of what is sustainable. When recycling scrap becomes output bound, one is limited to 45MW and 145MW respectively per blue belt of scrap output.

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	<code>240 output/sec x 0.0833 ice/output x 20 water/ice x 1.3 (productivity) x 2 (run half the day) = ~1040 water/sec in daytime --> ~1 GW power</code>		<code>240 output/sec x 0.0833 ice/output x 20 water/ice x 1.3 (productivity) x 2 (run half the day) = ~1040 water/sec in daytime --> ~1 GW power</code>

	~~====~~Other Info~~====~~		<u>Other Info</u>

	Regarding heat production, heating towers offer ~4.4 MW per tile, making them initially superior to nuclear at 1.6 MW per tile for a single reactor, but at scale due to the neighbor bonus nuclear can achieve higher energy density. Any reactor array larger than 1x2 will effectively achieve a higher energy density than heating towers. However excess heat from a reactor must be stored in either extra heat pipes or steam which will significantly reduce the power density. The reactor will also need uranium or uranium fuel cells imported.		Regarding heat production, heating towers offer ~4.4 MW per tile, making them initially superior to nuclear at 1.6 MW per tile for a single reactor, but at scale due to the neighbor bonus nuclear can achieve higher energy density. Any reactor array larger than 1x2 will effectively achieve a higher energy density than heating towers. However excess heat from a reactor must be stored in either extra heat pipes or steam which will significantly reduce the power density. The reactor will also need uranium or uranium fuel cells imported.

Dagorad62: /* Boilers vs Heat Exchangers */

2026-10-09T21:11:04Z

Boilers vs Heat Exchangers

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:11, 9 October 2026
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	The lightning mechanic offers free electricity, but this is not always adequate on its own and it may be desirable to setup auxiliary or backup power for when accumulators run low. The primary considerations or limiting factors to setting up power generation are water from ice, and physical space due to the lack of usable land on the surface.		The lightning mechanic offers free electricity, but this is not always adequate on its own and it may be desirable to setup auxiliary or backup power for when accumulators run low. The primary considerations or limiting factors to setting up power generation are water from ice, and physical space due to the lack of usable land on the surface.

	====~~Boilers vs Heat Exchangers~~====		====Solid Fuel Burning====
	Using boilers with solid fuel offers 0.3 MW per unit of water, and offers an energy density of ~0.05 MW per tile of surface area (36 tiles for two steam engines and a boiler). Using a heat exchanger offers 0.97 MW per unit of water and offers an energy density of around 0.3 MW per tile (depending on layout), making it ~6x more space efficient and 3.2x more water efficient.		Using boilers with solid fuel offers 0.3 MW per unit of water, and offers an energy density of ~0.05 MW per tile of surface area (36 tiles for two steam engines and a boiler). Using a heat exchanger offers 0.97 MW per unit of water and offers an energy density of around 0.3 MW per tile (depending on layout), making it ~6x more space efficient and 3.2x more water efficient.

	If using native [[Scrap]] output ratios and no productivity on ice to water, one can obtain 7 solid fuel per 100 units of water per 100 scrap. This yields:		If using native [[Scrap]] output ratios and no productivity on ice to water, one can obtain 7 solid fuel per 100 units of water per 100 scrap. This yields:
	- Via boilers: 84 MJ from solid fuel, 30 MJ from water. Thus only 35% of solid fuel can be used.		* Via boilers: 84 MJ from solid fuel, 30 MJ from water. Thus only 35% of solid fuel can be used.
	- Via heating tower + heat exchangers: 210 MJ from solid fuel, 97 MJ from water. Thus only 46% of solid fuel can be used.		* Via heating tower + heat exchangers: 210 MJ from solid fuel, 97 MJ from water. Thus only 46% of solid fuel can be used.

	====Fulgora Ice Production====		====Fulgora Ice Production====