Official Factorio Wiki - User contributions [en]

Oil processing

2026-03-09T15:01:27Z

Thrawcheld: /* Coal Liquefaction */ addition

{{Languages}}
'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.

== Overview ==
There are various recipes that can be used to process [[crude oil]] into its fractions. Its fraction ([[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Made in !! Required technology !! Internal name
|-
| {{Icon|Basic oil processing||}} Basic oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|45}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Oil processing (research)|}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || basic-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Advanced oil processing||}} Advanced oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} + {{icon|water|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{Icon|Light oil|45}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|55}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || advanced-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Heavy oil cracking||}} Heavy oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|40}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Light oil|30}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}{{Icon|Biochamber||space-age=yes}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || heavy-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Light oil cracking||}} Light oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}{{Icon|Biochamber||space-age=yes}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || light-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Simple coal liquefaction||space-age=yes}} Simple coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{icon|Calcite|2|space-age=yes}} + {{icon|Sulfuric acid|25}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|50}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|calcite processing (research)}} [[Calcite processing (research)|Calcite processing]] || simple-coal-liquefaction
|-
|| {{Icon|Coal liquefaction||}} Coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{icon|steam|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|90}} + {{Icon|Light oil|20}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|10}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|coal liquefaction|}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || coal-liquefaction
|}

== Setting up oil processing ==
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.

Crude oil must be refined in an [[oil refinery]]. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated or flipped ({{key|v}} or {{key|h}} key by default).

Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: [[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a [[storage tank]]. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).

=== Tips ===
* The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the [[Tutorial:Circuit network cookbook#Oil_Setups|circuit-network cookbook]].
* [[Solid fuel]] is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.

=== Coal Liquefaction ===
Once coal liquefaction is researched, the player can manufacture oil products anywhere without a need for crude oil: the player can set up an oil refinery to utilize coal liquefaction and use an [[assembling machine]] and [[barrel]]s to manually insert a small amount of heavy oil into the system to initiate production. As long as the heavy oil output is routed back into the refinery before being sent anywhere else, the refinery will be self-sustaining in terms of heavy oil, only requiring steam and coal to run. To prevent fluid back-up, the player will need to ensure all output fluids are being consumed or stored somehow.

While a single refinery using this set-up this will not produce a large amount of oil products overall, the fact it does not require crude oil to run means it can be placed anywhere the player needs a small, steady supply of oil products, saving the need to transport oil over large distances by pipes or trains. Such uses include:

* A refueling outpost that produces [[solid fuel]] and/or [[rocket fuel]].
* A defensive outpost that uses oil to fuel [[flamethrower turret]]s (without a supply of calcite{{SA}} and iron plates (see below) this produces [[petroleum gas]] as a byproduct, which must be disposed of somehow, e.g. as plastic or solid fuel).
* With a supply of [[iron ore]], this set-up can produce [[sulfuric acid]], allowing the mining of [[uranium ore]].
* A supply of iron ore also allows the manufacture of ammunition: [[cluster grenade]]s, [[land mine]]s, and [[cannon shell]]s.
* With a supply of both iron ore and [[copper ore]], [[rocket]]s and [[artillery shell]]s can be manufactured, as well as all [[capsules]].

More broadly, a sufficiently large network of refineries utilizing coal liquefaction could produce enough oil products to run the player's factory without a need for crude oil anymore, allowing much more flexibility in the layout and placement of facilities that require oil products to function. The downside of relying entirely on coal liquefaction are an overall slightly lower output of oil products compared to advanced oil processing, a need for more chemical plants to crack the large amounts of heavy oil produced, and the system will shut down entirely if its supply of coal or steam runs out.

=== Simple coal liquefaction {{SA}} ===
[[Space Age]] introduces a second liquefaction recipe: simple coal liquefaction. This process uses coal, [[calcite]]{{SA}}, and [[sulfuric acid]], generating only [[heavy oil]]. Through cracking, it can be used to make other oil products. On [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}, it is useful when starting out as the standard coal liquefaction recipe must be researched. It can also be used to bootstrap standard liquefaction, providing the initial heavy oil.

Outside of its initial uses on Vulcanus, it does have two potential advantages. [[Steam]] is much harder to get on [[Space platform]]s{{SA}} than sulfuric acid or calcite. The only way to make steam on a platform is with a [[nuclear reactor]], which requires fuel from [[Nauvis]]. By contrast, sulfuric acid, coal, and calcite can all be manufactured or mined from asteroids.

The other advantage is that the recipe produces heavy oil without any of the other oil processing byproducts. This allows the player to use this purely as a way to generate [[lubricant]] for those recipes which need it. Other oil processing setups can then always crack heavy oil to light oil.

Note also that going to Vulcanus is not ''strictly'' required. [[Calcite processing (research)]] does not require ''mining'' calcite from a calcite ore patch; you merely need to acquire calcite. This can be done using [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]] that is made available on [[Gleba]]. One still must research [[Planet discovery Vulcanus (research)]], but once done, acquiring calcite via [[advanced oxide asteroid crushing]] is enough to trigger the calcite processing technology.

=== Transporting fluids ===
There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:

* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* Loading the fluids into [[barrel]]s and transporting them by [[railway]], [[transport belts]], or the [[logistic network]]

== Optimal ratios ==
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.

=== Petroleum gas production ===

For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.

One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).

The refining can be sped up with [[module]]s; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using [[productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="5" |Petroleum production output with modules
|-
!colspan="1" style="width: 230px; text-align: left;" |Module configuration
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |None
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 1 (*)
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 2
!colspan="1" |Units
|-
!colspan="5"|Oil refinery
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crude oil consumption
| 100 || 100 || 100 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 50 || 50 || 50 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 5 || 5 || 5 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil output
| 25 || 25 || 25 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 45 || 45 || 45 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 55 || 55 || 55 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 855% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Crude oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 171 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 10 || 45.5 || 85.5 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil output
| 5 || 29.575 || 55.575 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 9 || 53.235 || 100.035 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 11 || 65.065 || 122.265 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Heavy oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil consumption
| 40 || 40 || 40 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 131 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 15 || 88.725 || 127.725 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Light oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 20 || 20 || 20 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 10 || 59.15 || 85.15 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Ratio
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil cracking
| 0.25 || 0.325 || 0.424 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil cracking
| 0.85 || 1.2025 || 1.57 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum gas output
| 19.5 || 136.193 || 255.923 || per second
|-
|colspan="5" style="width: 600px; text-align: left;" | '''* Notes to table:''' ''Config 1'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. ''Config 2'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.
|}

For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.

== History ==
{{history|0.17.60|
* Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.}}

{{history|0.15.10|
* Coal liquefaction now takes steam instead of water.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.}}

{{history|0.9.1|
* Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced
**Basic oil processing
**Advanced oil processing}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Barrel]]

{{C|Main}}

Oil processing

2026-03-09T14:59:55Z

Thrawcheld: /* Coal Liquefaction */ liquefaction to flame turrets produces petroleum gas as a byproduct which needs disposing of

{{Languages}}
'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.

== Overview ==
There are various recipes that can be used to process [[crude oil]] into its fractions. Its fraction ([[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Made in !! Required technology !! Internal name
|-
| {{Icon|Basic oil processing||}} Basic oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|45}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Oil processing (research)|}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || basic-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Advanced oil processing||}} Advanced oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} + {{icon|water|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{Icon|Light oil|45}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|55}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || advanced-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Heavy oil cracking||}} Heavy oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|40}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Light oil|30}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}{{Icon|Biochamber||space-age=yes}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || heavy-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Light oil cracking||}} Light oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}{{Icon|Biochamber||space-age=yes}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || light-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Simple coal liquefaction||space-age=yes}} Simple coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{icon|Calcite|2|space-age=yes}} + {{icon|Sulfuric acid|25}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|50}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|calcite processing (research)}} [[Calcite processing (research)|Calcite processing]] || simple-coal-liquefaction
|-
|| {{Icon|Coal liquefaction||}} Coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{icon|steam|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|90}} + {{Icon|Light oil|20}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|10}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|coal liquefaction|}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || coal-liquefaction
|}

== Setting up oil processing ==
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.

Crude oil must be refined in an [[oil refinery]]. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated or flipped ({{key|v}} or {{key|h}} key by default).

Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: [[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a [[storage tank]]. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).

=== Tips ===
* The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the [[Tutorial:Circuit network cookbook#Oil_Setups|circuit-network cookbook]].
* [[Solid fuel]] is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.

=== Coal Liquefaction ===
Once coal liquefaction is researched, the player can manufacture oil products anywhere without a need for crude oil: the player can set up an oil refinery to utilize coal liquefaction and use an [[assembling machine]] and [[barrel]]s to manually insert a small amount of heavy oil into the system to initiate production. As long as the heavy oil output is routed back into the refinery before being sent anywhere else, the refinery will be self-sustaining in terms of heavy oil, only requiring steam and coal to run. To prevent fluid back-up, the player will need to ensure all output fluids are being consumed or stored somehow.

While a single refinery using this set-up this will not produce a large amount of oil products overall, the fact it does not require crude oil to run means it can be placed anywhere the player needs a small, steady supply of oil products, saving the need to transport oil over large distances by pipes or trains. Such uses include:

* A refueling outpost that produces [[solid fuel]] and/or [[rocket fuel]].
* A defensive outpost that uses oil to fuel [[flamethrower turret]]s (without a supply of calcite{{SA}} (see below) this produces [[petroleum gas]] as a byproduct, which must be disposed of somehow, e.g. as plastic or solid fuel).
* With a supply of [[iron ore]], this set-up can produce [[sulfuric acid]], allowing the mining of [[uranium ore]].
* A supply of iron ore also allows the manufacture of ammunition: [[cluster grenade]]s, [[land mine]]s, and [[cannon shell]]s.
* With a supply of both iron ore and [[copper ore]], [[rocket]]s and [[artillery shell]]s can be manufactured, as well as all [[capsules]].

More broadly, a sufficiently large network of refineries utilizing coal liquefaction could produce enough oil products to run the player's factory without a need for crude oil anymore, allowing much more flexibility in the layout and placement of facilities that require oil products to function. The downside of relying entirely on coal liquefaction are an overall slightly lower output of oil products compared to advanced oil processing, a need for more chemical plants to crack the large amounts of heavy oil produced, and the system will shut down entirely if its supply of coal or steam runs out.

=== Simple coal liquefaction {{SA}} ===
[[Space Age]] introduces a second liquefaction recipe: simple coal liquefaction. This process uses coal, [[calcite]]{{SA}}, and [[sulfuric acid]], generating only [[heavy oil]]. Through cracking, it can be used to make other oil products. On [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}, it is useful when starting out as the standard coal liquefaction recipe must be researched. It can also be used to bootstrap standard liquefaction, providing the initial heavy oil.

Outside of its initial uses on Vulcanus, it does have two potential advantages. [[Steam]] is much harder to get on [[Space platform]]s{{SA}} than sulfuric acid or calcite. The only way to make steam on a platform is with a [[nuclear reactor]], which requires fuel from [[Nauvis]]. By contrast, sulfuric acid, coal, and calcite can all be manufactured or mined from asteroids.

The other advantage is that the recipe produces heavy oil without any of the other oil processing byproducts. This allows the player to use this purely as a way to generate [[lubricant]] for those recipes which need it. Other oil processing setups can then always crack heavy oil to light oil.

Note also that going to Vulcanus is not ''strictly'' required. [[Calcite processing (research)]] does not require ''mining'' calcite from a calcite ore patch; you merely need to acquire calcite. This can be done using [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]] that is made available on [[Gleba]]. One still must research [[Planet discovery Vulcanus (research)]], but once done, acquiring calcite via [[advanced oxide asteroid crushing]] is enough to trigger the calcite processing technology.

=== Transporting fluids ===
There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:

* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* Loading the fluids into [[barrel]]s and transporting them by [[railway]], [[transport belts]], or the [[logistic network]]

== Optimal ratios ==
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.

=== Petroleum gas production ===

For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.

One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).

The refining can be sped up with [[module]]s; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using [[productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="5" |Petroleum production output with modules
|-
!colspan="1" style="width: 230px; text-align: left;" |Module configuration
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |None
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 1 (*)
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 2
!colspan="1" |Units
|-
!colspan="5"|Oil refinery
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crude oil consumption
| 100 || 100 || 100 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 50 || 50 || 50 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 5 || 5 || 5 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil output
| 25 || 25 || 25 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 45 || 45 || 45 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 55 || 55 || 55 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 855% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Crude oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 171 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 10 || 45.5 || 85.5 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil output
| 5 || 29.575 || 55.575 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 9 || 53.235 || 100.035 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 11 || 65.065 || 122.265 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Heavy oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil consumption
| 40 || 40 || 40 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 131 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 15 || 88.725 || 127.725 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Light oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 20 || 20 || 20 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 10 || 59.15 || 85.15 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Ratio
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil cracking
| 0.25 || 0.325 || 0.424 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil cracking
| 0.85 || 1.2025 || 1.57 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum gas output
| 19.5 || 136.193 || 255.923 || per second
|-
|colspan="5" style="width: 600px; text-align: left;" | '''* Notes to table:''' ''Config 1'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. ''Config 2'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.
|}

For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.

== History ==
{{history|0.17.60|
* Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.}}

{{history|0.15.10|
* Coal liquefaction now takes steam instead of water.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.}}

{{history|0.9.1|
* Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced
**Basic oil processing
**Advanced oil processing}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Barrel]]

{{C|Main}}

Advanced oil processing (research)

2026-03-09T14:41:54Z

Thrawcheld: changing from the simple to the advanced recipe

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Advanced oil processing (research)}}

{{Main|Oil processing}}

Advanced oil processing allows the player to obtain better ratios when [[oil refinery|refining]] oil. When the resultant recipe is enabled, the refinery input, and chemical plant's inputs are changed, see below:

<gallery mode="packed" heights=200px>
File:Refinery-input-examples.jpg|All 4 possible rotation states and their inputs
File:Heavy-oil-cracking-input-examples.jpg|All 4 possible rotation states and their inputs
File:Light-oil-cracking-input-examples.jpg|All 4 possible rotation states and their inputs
</gallery>

The basic oil processing recipe has its crude oil input and petroleum gas output in the same places as the advanced recipe, so a basic setup can be adapted to an advanced one simply by changing the recipe, if input and output pipelines are correctly laid first.

Since [[Version history/2.0.0|version 2.0]] it is possible to flip a refinery or chemical plant, giving another 4 possible states for each recipe. You can flip horizontally with {{key|H}} or vertically with {{key|V}} by default ({{key|ZL}}+{{key|Right}}, {{key|ZL}}+{{key|Left}} respectively on Switch).

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Technologies]]
* [[Oil processing]]

{{TechNav}}

Advanced oil processing (research)

2026-03-09T14:30:42Z

Thrawcheld: flipping buildings

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Advanced oil processing (research)}}

{{Main|Oil processing}}

Advanced oil processing allows the player to obtain better ratios when [[oil refinery|refining]] oil. When the resultant recipe is enabled, the refinery input, and chemical plant's inputs are changed, see below:

<gallery mode="packed" heights=200px>
File:Refinery-input-examples.jpg|All 4 possible rotation states and their inputs
File:Heavy-oil-cracking-input-examples.jpg|All 4 possible rotation states and their inputs
File:Light-oil-cracking-input-examples.jpg|All 4 possible rotation states and their inputs
</gallery>

Since [[Version history/2.0.0|version 2.0]] it is possible to flip a refinery or chemical plant, giving another 4 possible states for each recipe. You can flip horizontally with {{key|H}} or vertically with {{key|V}} by default ({{key|ZL}}+{{key|Right}}, {{key|ZL}}+{{key|Left}} respectively on Switch).

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Technologies]]
* [[Oil processing]]

{{TechNav}}

Ice

2026-02-20T23:09:10Z

Thrawcheld: /* Alternative recipes */ scrap recycling takes a base 0.2 seconds not 1

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Ice}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Ice''' is a resource added in the [[Space Age]] expansion. Its most common use is to be [[ice melting|melted]] into [[water]].

Ice is obtained in a variety of ways. On [[space platform]]s, [[oxide asteroid chunk]]s can be [[crusher|crushed]] to make ice. On [[Fulgora]], [[scrap recycling]] generates ice. On [[Aquilo]], [[ammoniacal solution]] is separated into [[ammonia]] and ice. In all three of these places, ice is also the only local source of water.

== Alternative recipes ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Made in !! Required technology
|-
| {{imagelink|Oxide asteroid crushing}}
| {{Icon|Time|2}} + {{Icon|Oxide asteroid chunk|1}}
| {{Icon|Ice|5}} + {{Icon|Oxide asteroid chunk|0.2}}
| {{Icon|Crusher}}
| {{icontech|Space platform (research)|}} [[Space platform (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Advanced oxide asteroid crushing}}
| {{Icon|Time|5}} + {{Icon|Oxide asteroid chunk|1}}
| {{Icon|Ice|3}} + {{Icon|Calcite|2}} + {{Icon|Oxide asteroid chunk|0.05}}
| {{Icon|Crusher}}
| {{icontech|Advanced asteroid processing (research)|}} [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Scrap recycling}}
| {{icon|Time|0.2}} + {{icon|scrap}}
| {{icon|Advanced circuit|0.03}} + {{icon|Battery|0.04}} + {{icon|Concrete|0.06}} + {{icon|Copper cable|0.03}} + {{icon|Holmium ore|0.01}} + {{icon|Ice|0.05}} +
 {{icon|Iron gear wheel|0.2}} + {{icon|Low density structure|0.01}} + {{icon|Processing unit|0.02}} + {{icon|Solid fuel|0.07}} + {{icon|Steel plate|0.04}} + {{icon|Stone|0.04}}
| {{icon|recycler}}{{icon|Player}}
| {{icontech|Recycling (research)|}} [[Recycling (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Ammoniacal solution separation}}
| {{icon|Time|1}} + {{icon|Ammoniacal solution|50}}
| {{icon|Ice|5}} + {{icon|Ammonia|50}}
| {{icon|Chemical plant}} {{icon|Cryogenic plant}}
| {{icontech|Planet discovery Aquilo (research)|}} [[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]]
|}

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Resources}}

Inserters

2026-02-19T13:17:19Z

Thrawcheld: /* Mechanics */ caveat to "won't pick up to insert into full inventory"

{{Languages}}
''For the common yellow electrical inserter, see [[Inserter]].''

'''Inserters''' are devices which are used to move items over short distances. When placed, they have a fixed direction. They can move items from behind and place them in front of them. By doing this, they can move items from one transport belt to another, but also extract items from—and insert items into—machines or storage devices.

== Types of inserters ==
{| class="wikitable"
| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || The only [[fuel]]-powered inserter, with the slowest speed.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || The standard electrical inserter.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}} || Capable of inserting and removing items from a greater distance.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} || Much faster than the inserter.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}} || As fast as the fast inserter, but can move many more items at the same time at once.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}} || As fast as the bulk inserter, but can stack items on a belt.
|}

== Mechanics ==
Inserters '''will''':
* Pick up items off the ground, off of a [[Transport belts|transport belt]], or from any object that has storage space, such as [[chests]], [[furnace]]s, [[assembling machine]]s, or [[vehicle]]s.
* Place the item onto the ground, onto a transport belt, or into any object that has storage space.
* Run at slower speeds when starved for energy.
* Pick up as many items as their [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|stack size]] allows at once, if they do not have to wait too long to pick them up.
* Pick up items and drop them into the void of space or lava, permanently destroying them. This is useful for getting rid of unwanted items.

Inserters '''will not''':
* Pick up any items that cannot be inserted into the adjacent entity.
* Pick up any items if the adjacent entity is a [[ghost]].
* Pick up items to place into an entity with a full inventory (however, it will pick up items up to its hand size even if not all of them will fit).
* Place more than one item at a time onto the same ground tile.
* Place items into an entity that cannot hold them, for example due to [[Stack#Filtered_stacks|filtered]] or [[Stack#Stack_limitation|limited slots]].
* Place items into a [[cargo wagon]] or fuel into a [[locomotive]] if the train it's part of is in motion, or in automatic mode and not stopped at a [[train stop]] (e.g. waiting at a signal). (Wagons will be visibly closed if they cannot be inserted into for this reason.)
* Fill up the entire target inventory of [[boiler]]s, [[nuclear reactor]]s, [[:Category:Producers|production building]]s, [[furnace]]s and [[turret]]s (see below).

If two or more inserters are picking up from the same tile, the inserter that can grab the items the fastest will grab them first. Besides faster inserters, this favors inserters taking from the inner lane of a transport belt.

=== Insertion limits ===
Depending on where an inserter is moving items, it does not always fill up the entire target inventory. This allows other inserters taking from the same transport belt to pick up their share of the items. For example, if a boiler has 5 or more items of fuel in it, an inserter will not insert additional fuel. This allows the other fuel to travel further down the transport belt. When the fuel drops below 5 items, the inserter will resume inserting fuel, up to the limit of 5 items.

{| class="wikitable"
! Entity !! Item type !! Automatic insertion limit
|-
| [[Boiler]]s, [[burner inserter]]s, [[furnace]]s, and [[nuclear reactor]]s || [[Fuel]] || style="text-align:center" | 5
|-
| [[Gun turret]]s || Magazines || style="text-align:center" | 10
|-
| [[Artillery turret]]s || [[Artillery shell]]s || style="text-align:center" | 5
|-
| [[Assembling machine]]s, [[furnace]]s, [[centrifuge]]s, [[chemical plant]]s, and [[Oil refinery|oil refineries]]|| Items needed for the recipe || The ingredients for 1 craft in addition to the ingredients for the number of crafts that can be completed during one full inserter swing; but at least the ingredients for 2 crafts and at most the ingredients for 100 crafts.[https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?p=309796#p309796]
|-
| [[Lab]]s || [[Science pack]]s || The number of science packs needed for one research unit in addition to the science packs for the number of research units that can be completed during one full inserter swing; but at least the ingredients for 2 research units and at most the ingredients for 100 research units.
|}

An inserter that has a higher [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|inserter capacity bonus]] than 1 can overfill the target building, due to the inserter picking up a higher amount of items than needed. Overfilling can also occur if multiple inserters are used to insert items into one building.

=== Inserters and transport belts ===
[[Transport belts]] have two lanes on which items can travel. Inserters only place items onto one side of the belt, either the far side from the inserter's perspective or, if the belt is going the same or the opposite direction as the inserter, the right side from the belt's perspective.

<gallery mode="nolines" class="center" widths=300px heights=350px>
File:Inserter_dropoff_locations.gif| Inserters place the item on the furthest lane. If a belt is in the same orientation as the inserter, the item will be placed on the right-hand lane, from the belt's perspective. In curves the inserter always places on the far side.
File:Inserter_pickup_locations.gif| If the belt is perpendicular to the inserter, inserters '''prefer''' taking items from the nearest lane. If the nearest lane is empty, the inserter will take from the far lane. If the belt is the same/opposite orientation of the inserter or a curve, the inserter '''prefers''' taking from the left lane, from the belt's perspective. If the left lane is empty it will take from the right lane.
</gallery>

=== Potential issues ===
Inserters may have problems picking up items:

* From very fast belts, because the items are moving too quickly.
* From the entry or exit of an underground belt (because the time they have to pick up is shorter)
* From turning belts if the item is on the inside of the corner

== Inserter speed ==
[[File:all_inserter_speeds.gif|frame|right|Animation showing all inserter speeds at once.]]
{| class="wikitable"
! Type
! Rotation-speed (turns per [[Time#Ticks|tick]]) Extension-speed ([[Map_structure#Tile|Tiles]] per Tick)
! Turns per [[Time#Seconds|Game-second]]
! Game-second per full turn
! Ticks per full turn
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || 0.013 0.035 || ~0.7895 || ~1.267 || 76
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || 0.014 0.035 || ~0.857 || ~1.167 || 70
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}} || 0.02 0.05 || 1.2 || 0.833 || 50
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}} {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}} || 0.04 0.1 || 2.5 || 0.4 || 24
|}

'''Note:''' The speeds per tick come directly from the [https://github.com/wube/factorio-data/tree/master/base/prototypes/entity factorio-data github repository], while the other values have been verified empirically in game. Discrepancies are due to rounding errors during the games runtime, so the empirical values are more accurate when dealing with speeds.

=== Rotation speed ===
Convention: 2π rad = 100% of a circle rotation = '''1 turn''' (or one full rotation).

Note:
* An Inserter doesn't always need to make full turns. When grabbing from a transport belt, it is slightly faster when grabbing items from the closest lane.
* If the rotation speed of an inserter would result in an odd number of ticks per full turn, the actual number of ticks per full turn for this inserter is truncated to be the next lowest even number. The reason for this is that the inserter needs to do two half turns to pick and drop an item. This takes a certain number of ticks two times, therefore the number of ticks for the full turn is always an even number. Example: The Fast inserter's rotation speed of 864°/s or 0.04 turns per tick would result in 25 ticks per full turn, but the inserter cannot do a half turn in "12.5 ticks", so it actually takes 2×12 = 24 ticks per full turn.

=== Extension speed ===
The extension-speed is normally not visible (only when compared to other inserters), but there are measurable speed differences when taking - for example - from the near or the far side of a belt. Also some mods can alter the pickup and drop locations of inserters, making this stat more relevant.

== Inserter throughput ==

=== Chest to chest ===
'''Note:''' Experimental data from 2.0.26, recorded in this doc [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1L8Td5o6TAicGi-TPwzh4lz2YiH0n7Jkpp3E8FxNpnAs/edit?usp=sharing]. Chest to chest transfer transfers the entire hand size during a single tick, so most of the time is spent during the swing to and from.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=2 | Type
! rowspan=2 | Arm cycles per second (ticks per cycle)
! colspan=8 | Items/second at [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] level (stack size)
|-
! colspan=2 | No capacity bonus
! colspan=2 | Capacity bonus 2
! colspan=2 | Capacity bonus 7
! colspan=2 | [[Transport belt capacity (research)|Transport belt stacking]] {{SA}}
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || {{Quality | 0.79 (76 ticks) | 1.03 (58 ticks) | 1.25 (48 ticks) | 1.5 (40 ticks) | 2 (30 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.79 |1.03 |1.25|1.5 |2 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 1.58 |2.07 |2.5|3 |4 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 2.37 |3.10 |3.75|4.5 |6 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 3.16 |4.14 |5|6 |8 }}
|| (4)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || {{Quality | 0.86 (70 ticks) | 1.03 (58 ticks) | 1.36 (44 ticks) | 1.67 (36 ticks) | 2.14 (28 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.86 |1.11 |1.36|1.67 |2.14 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 1.71 |2.22 |2.73|3.33 |4.29 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 2.57 |3.33 |4.09|5 |6.43 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 3.43 |4.44 |5.45|6.67 |8.57 }}
|| (4)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}} || {{Quality | 1.2 (50 ticks) | 1.58 (38 ticks) | 2 (30 ticks) | 2.31 (26 ticks) | 3.33 (18 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 |1.58 |2|2.31 |3.33 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 2.4 |3.16 |4|4.62 |6.67 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 3.6 |4.74 |6|6.92 |10 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 |6.32 |8|9.23 |13.33 }}
|| (4)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} || {{Quality | 2.5 (24 ticks) | 3.33 (18 ticks) | 4.29 (14 ticks) | 5 (12 ticks) | 7.5 (8 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 |3.33 | 4.29 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 5 |6.67 | 8.57 | 10 | 15 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 7.5 |10 |12.86|15 |22.5 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 10 |13.33 |17.14|20 |30 }}
|| (4)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}} || {{Quality | 2.5 (24 ticks) | 3.33 (18 ticks) | 4.29 (14 ticks) | 5 (12 ticks) | 7.5 (8 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 5 |6.673 | 8.57 | 10 | 15 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 10 |13.33 |17.14|20 |30 }}
|| (4)
|| {{ Quality | 30 |40 |51.43|60 |90 }}
|| (12)
|| {{ Quality | 30 |40 |51.43|60 |90 }}
|| (12)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}} || {{Quality | 2.5 (24 ticks) | 3.33 (18 ticks) | 4.29 (14 ticks) | 5 (12 ticks) | 7.5 (8 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 15 |20 | 25.71 | 30 | 45 }}
|| (6)
|| {{ Quality | 20 |26.67 | 34.29 | 40 | 60 }}
|| (8)
|| {{ Quality | 40 | 53.33 | 68.57 | 80 | 120 }}
|| (16)
|| {{ Quality | 40 | 53.33 | 68.57 | 80 | 120 }}
|| (16)
|}

=== Chest to belt ===
Throughput going from chest to belt depends on how full the belt is. An inserter will not put down an item on a belt that has items back-to-back (aka full compression) - it waits until there is a gap. However, if the gap is narrower than the item, then the items upstream on the belt will stop to make room for the item being inserted. The direction of the belt compared to the inserter does not matter however.

In these measurements inserters move items onto an empty belt. Values are given for the stack sizes at four different [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] levels.

'''Note:''' Experimental data from 2.0

<div style="display:inline-block; width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" min-width: 100%;
! rowspan="3" | Type
! colspan="20" | Items/second at [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] level (stack size)
|-
! colspan="5" | No capacity bonus
! colspan="5" | Capacity Bonus 2
! colspan="5" | Capacity bonus 7
! colspan="5" | [[Transport belt capacity (research)|Transport belt stacking]] {{SA}}
|-
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px ]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Turbo transport belt.png|link=Turbo transport belt|32px]] ||
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px ]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Turbo transport belt.png|link=Turbo transport belt|32px]] ||
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px ]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Turbo transport belt.png|link=Turbo transport belt|32px]] ||
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px ]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Turbo transport belt.png|link=Turbo transport belt|32px]] ||
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 1.57 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.93 | 3.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.57 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.93 | 3.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.57 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.93 | 3.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.57 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.93 | 3.87 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 2.15 | 2.72 | 3.2 | 3.75 | 4.75 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.25 | 2.9 | 3.45 | 4.1 | 5.3 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.3 | 3 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 5.6 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.3 | 3 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 5.6 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 2.6 | 3.27 | 3.73 | 4.27 | 5.2 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.87 | 3.65 | 4.27 | 5 | 6.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.93 | 3.8 | 4.53 | 5.33 | 6.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3 | 3.87 | 4.6 | 5.47 | 7.07 }}
|| (4)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.67 | 2.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.67 | 2.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.67 | 2.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.67 | 2.13 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 1.7 | 2.17 | 2.67 | 3.23 | 4.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.7 | 2.17 | 2.67 | 3.23 | 4.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.7 | 2.17 | 2.67 | 3.23 | 4.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.7 | 2.17 | 2.67 | 3.23 | 4.13 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.45 | 4.1 | 5 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.45 | 3.1 | 3.75 | 4.5 | 5.6 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 4.75 | 6 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 4.75 | 6 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 2.8 | 3.43 | 4 | 4.6 | 5.47 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.07 | 3.87 | 4.6 | 5.47 | 6.67 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.2 | 4.07 | 4.87 | 5.87 | 7.27 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.27 | 4.13 | 5 | 6 | 7.48 }}
|| (4)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 | 1.58 | 2 | 2.3 | 3.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 | 1.58 | 2 | 2.3 | 3.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 | 1.58 | 2 | 2.3 | 3.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 | 1.58 | 2 | 2.3 | 3.33 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 2.33 | 3 | 3.87 | 4.43 | 6.3 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.33 | 3 | 3.87 | 4.43 | 6.3 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.33 | 3 | 3.87 | 4.43 | 6.3 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.33 | 3 | 3.87 | 4.43 | 6.3 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 3.1 | 3.9 | 4.75 | 5.3 | 6.92 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.35 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 6 | 8.18 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.45 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 9 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.45 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 9 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 3.65 | 4.45 | 5.20 | 5.72 | 7.07 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.13 | 5.2 | 6.33 | 7.07 | 9.23 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.33 | 5.6 | 6.87 | 7.73 | 10.43 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.47 | 5.73 | 7.07 | 8 | 10.92 }}
|| (4)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.33 | 4.28 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.33 | 4.28 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.33 | 4.28 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.33 | 4.28 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 5.62 | 6.92 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 6.42 | 8.18 | 10 | 11.25 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 6.9 | 9 | 11.25 | 12.85 | 18 }}
|| {{ Quality | 6.9 | 9 | 11.25 | 12.85 | 18 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 6 | 7.07 | 7.5 | 7.52 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 7.5 | 9.23 | 10.92 | 12 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 8.27 | 10.43 | 12.62 | 14.13 | 18.47 }}
|| {{ Quality | 8.58 | 10.92 | 13.33 | 15 | 20 }}
|| (4)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 6 | 7.07 | 7.5 | 7.52 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 7.5 | 9.23 | 10.92 | 12 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 8.27 | 10.43 | 12.62 | 14.13 | 18.47 }}
|| {{ Quality | 8.58 | 10.92 | 13.33 | 15 | 20 }}
|| (4)
|| {{ Quality | 6.93 | 7.35 | 7.5 | 7.52 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 11.23 | 12.4 | 13.33 | 13.85 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 14.4 | 16.38 | 18 | 18.95 | 21.18 }}
|| {{ Quality | 16.4 | 18.97 | 21.2 | 22.5 | 25.72 }}
|| (12)
|| {{ Quality | 6.93 | 7.35 | 7.5 | 7.52 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 11.12 | 12.4 | 13.33 | 13.85 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 14.4 | 16.38 | 18 | 18.95 | 21.18 }}
|| {{ Quality | 16.4 | 18.97 | 21.2 | 22.5 | 25.72 }}
|| (12)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}}
|| {{ Quality | 11.27 | 13.87 | 15 | 15 | 15.03 }}
|| {{ Quality | 12.87 | 16.37 | 20 | 22.5 | 30 }}
|| {{ Quality | 13.8 | 18 | 22.5 | 25.7 | 36 }}
|| {{ Quality | 13.8 | 18 | 22.5 | 25.7 | 36 }}
|| (6)
|| {{ Quality | 12 | 14.13 | 15 | 15.03 | 15.03 }}
|| {{ Quality | 15 | 18.47 | 21.83 | 24 | 30 }}
|| {{ Quality | 16.53 | 20.87 | 25.23 | 28.27 | 36.93 }}
|| {{ Quality | 17.17 | 21.83 | 26.67 | 30 | 40 }}
|| (8)
|| {{ Quality | 13.33 | 14.57 | 15 | 15.03 | 15.03 }}
|| {{ Quality | 20 | 22.87 | 25.27 | 26.67 | 30 }}
|| {{ Quality | 24 | 28.27 | 32 | 34.3 | 40 }}
|| {{ Quality | 26.67 | 32 | 36.9 | 40 | 48 }}
|| (16)
|| {{ Quality | 24 | 28.27 | 30 | 30.07 | 30.07 }}
|| {{ Quality | 30 | 36.93 | 43.67 | 48 | 60 }}
|| {{ Quality | 33.07 | 41.73 | 50.47 | 56.53 | 73.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 34.33 | 43.67 | 53.33 | 60 | 80 }}
|| (16)
|}
</div>

=== Chest to splitter ===
When an inserter drops items onto the side of a perpendicular splitter, it always is considered to do so on the input side, enabling the splitter to move half of the items to the other belt (assuming that the splitter filter/priority settings allow it to do so and that there is available space on both belts). This allows the inserter to drop its items more quickly. A bulk inserter with capacity bonus 7 can move 16.0 items/second instead of the usual 14.4 items/second.

<gallery mode="nolines" class="center" widths=400px heights=250px>
File:Inserter to splitter comparison.gif|By inserting onto the side of a splitter, a fully-upgraded bulk inserter can fill 71% of an express belt lane instead of the usual 64%. (Gif from 1.1)
File:Inserter belt saturation.gif|In 1.1, three bulk inserters could saturate an express belt if one of them inserts onto a splitter. In 2.0, three bulk inserters can saturate an express belt if two of them insert onto splitters. (Gif from 1.1)
</gallery>

===Belt to chest (perpendicular)===

'''Note:''' The following is based on experimental data from [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Q4hxL69qrK3qeEKU8aDkuwM3gJy6I2dJ4FYSs-FQUpI/edit?usp=sharing 1.1].
Most of the 1.1 experimental data was gathered using the following circuit blueprint to measure the exact tick difference between inserter swings. A lot of the data on this page (specifically the belt to chest data) relies heavily on the conditions of the setup on which the measurements are done. If your setup differs from the ones tested on this page, you can use the following blueprint to do the measurements yourself.

{{BlueprintString|bp-string=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}}

When picking items from a belt, many more factors come into play besides belt fullness:

* How fast the items move (i.e. if they are queued up on the belt or move at belt speed).
* Whether the belt is perpendicular to the inserter or approaches it head on.
* Whether items are on the near or far lane of a perpendicular belt.
* Whether the belt turns or not, and whether the items are in the inner or outer side of the bend.
* If the belt is an underground entrance or exit. This shortens the time items are visible to the inserter for pickup.
* All sorts of intricate timing factors between the inserter and the items on the belt, since the game simulates the arm homing in on every item.

The test setup used below is with an inserter taking items from a perpendicular belt with items on the far lane only. The belt is fully compressed and timings are both for items that move at full speed and queued up as much as possible. Values are given for the stack sizes at three different [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] levels.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=4 | Type
! colspan=15 | Items/second at [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] level (stack size)
|-
! colspan=5 | No capacity bonus
! colspan=5 | Capacity bonus 2
! colspan=5 | Capacity bonus 7
|-
! colspan=3 | Items at belt speed
! rowspan=2 | Items queued up
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | Items at belt speed
! rowspan=2 | Items queued up
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | Items at belt speed
! rowspan=2 | Items queued up
! rowspan=2 |
|-
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]]
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]]
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]]
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || 0.60 || '''0.65''' || 0.50 || 0.64 || (1) || 1.11 || '''1.20''' || 1.13 || 1.26 || (2) || 1.61 || 1.61 || '''1.65''' || 1.71 / 1.73 / 1.86 * || (3)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || '''0.94''' || '''0.94''' || '''0.94''' || 0.88 || (1) || '''1.67''' || '''1.67''' || 1.50 || 1.74 || (2) || '''2.50''' || 2.25 || 2.33 || 2.37 / 2.37 / 2.54 * || (3)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}} || 1.18 || 1.18 || '''1.25''' || 1.20 || (1) || 2.20 || 2.31 || '''2.40''' || 2.40 || (2) || 3.21 || 3.21 || '''3.46''' || 3.40 || (3)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} || '''2.50''' || 2.31 || '''2.50''' || 2.50 || (1) || 4.50 || 4.29 || '''5.00''' || 4.80 || (2) || '''6.43''' || 6.00 || '''6.43''' || 6.43 || (3)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}} || 4.50 || 4.29 || '''5.00''' || 4.80 || (2) || 7.50 || 7.50 || '''8.00''' || 7.50 / 8.57 / 8.28 * || (4) || 7.50 || 11.25 || '''15.00''' || 7.50 / 13.09 / 15.32 * || (12)
|}

<nowiki>*)</nowiki> Throughput for basic/fast/express belt.

Since there are many more factors involved, these measurements exhibit a more complex pattern than chest-to-belt.

* Boldface cells show for which belt each inserter has the best throughput on each bonus level when items move at belt speed. Higher speed belts mean that inserters have to work harder to catch the fast moving items. The effect is most noticeable for slower inserters and smaller stack sizes.
* When items are queued up the belt type hardly matters, so there is only a single column for that. The exceptions are the stack inserters - for basic transport belts it's the belt that sets the limit for stack sizes above 4, and there is also a notable difference between fast and express belts.

=== Belt to chest (facing inserter) ===
'''Note:''' Experimental data from 1.1

When picking up items from a belt facing the inserter, there are multiple small differences between different setups. The following throughput tests are performed with [[express transport belt]]s and [[bulk inserter]]s with the maximum [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]].
Each setup in the following picture shows the amount of ticks per cycle of the inserter and the amount of items per second the inserter moves. These measurements are consistent in all orientations of the setup.

[[File:Inserter_belt_to_chest_throughput.png|center|900px]]

=== Insertion into lava/space ===

In [[Space Age]], inserters can dump items into lava on [[Vulcanus]] or into space on [[Space platform]]s. This act however is not as fast as inserting into a chest or similar container.

When inserting into lava/space, one item is removed from the inserter's hand every tick. So a [[stack inserter]] holding 16 items requires 16 ticks to dump its contents into lava/space. By contrast, when inserting into a container, the entire hand size is placed in the container in 1 tick.

== Power usage ==
Inserter power draw is determined by several factors.

Firstly like most machines, all of the inserters (with the exception of the burner) have drain. Drain is the energy cost of existence, and is expended constantly as long as the inserter exists on the power grid, regardless of activity or lack thereof.

Inserters also have a two costs associated with movement. These costs are applied separately and cumulatively for rotational motion as well as extension/retraction.

Lastly, inserters exhibit a power spike when acquiring and dropping off an item. This can be referred to as "item spike" because it is typically observed directly after item interaction. This is because after receiving/delivering an item it will begin extending/retracting a distance of 0.2 units (distance sourced from [https://github.com/wube/factorio-data/blob/master/base/prototypes/entity/entities.lua source code]). This power cost associated with linear movement is significantly more expensive than that of rotational movement, hence the sharp increase in power consumption.

[[File:Yellow Inserter Power Spikes.png|thumb|Power Consumption graph of Yellow Inserter]]

Here we can see that for the duration of the lateral movement the power consumption is significantly higher.

Burner Inserters, despite not using electricity, also have the same power consumption characteristics as the rest of the inserters (excluding drain). Upon accepting fuel they will replenish something resembling an internal battery, and draw from it in the same manner other inserters draw from the power grid, item spikes and all. Aside from their exclusion from drain, Burner Inserters function identically to other Inserters.

=== Energy costs ===

[[File:Inserter Testing Setup.png|thumb|Inserter Testing Setup]]

It's important to note that due to rounding errors the games values cannot be taken at face value when doing calculations, so a blend of theoretical and empirical methods must be used to ensure accuracy. More information can be viewed here at this [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?t=128389 forum topic]

The game calculates inserter power based on its hard coded power modifiers:

'''Inserter Power Modifiers (kJ)'''

These values are derived from [https://github.com/wube/factorio-data/blob/master/base/prototypes/entity/entities.lua source code]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 50 || 5 || 5 || 7 || 20 || 40
|-
|}

The way the game uses these values is it takes the game's programmed speed in ticks (which can be found higher up on the page), and then uses that alongside these numbers to derive a wattage, using the following equation:

<code>Speed × Power Modifier × Ticks per second</code>

Applying the equation we can derive the following values:

'''Cost of rotational movement in kW'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 39 || 4.2 || 6 || 16.8 || 48 || 96
|-
|}

'''Cost of linear movement in kW'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 105 || 10.5 || 15 || 42 || 120 || 240
|-
|}

Taking these two values and adding them together, alongside drain, will give you your max power. It is critical to note that while the duration of consumption is affected by rounding errors in the game like the time per spin and so on, the actual wattage is unaffected by these rounding errors. Just because the inserter spins slightly faster than in the games code doesn't mean it uses slightly more wattage, it still demands the same wattage.

Your rotational power is used during the entire time the inserter is spinning, while the the extension cost is only used briefly during item interaction, causing item spike. By calculating the duration of both you can accurately calculate how many joules your inserter is using in any given situation. Just like with the rotational speeds, item spike duration is subject to rounding errors from the game. You can calculate it by taking the games rated distance of 0.2 and dividing it by the inserters rated speed, and then truncating the number. To save you some hassle here is a reference table

'''Tick duration of Item Spike'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 5 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
|}

Knowing these values, energy cost is easy to calculate, and is linear to inserter utilization. This means if your inserter is only running half the time, it will only use half the power, with the exception of drain which remains constant in all situations.

'''Cost per transfer cycle in kJ'''

These values are isolated from drain. Values were theoretically derived and empirically confirmed for accuracy. [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?t=128389 More information]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 66.9 || 6.65 || 7 || 8.12 || 23.2 || 46.4
|-
|}

=== Inserter efficiency ===

The above data can be used to compare inserter efficiency directly. Remember that the transfer cycle cost remains the same regardless of how many items are moved. This means that the later inserters with their larger stack sizes can outperform other inserters despite their higher transfer cost, since they can achieve a lower cost per item. Here are some graphs of chest-to-chest data showing the efficiency of different inserters at differing stack sizes. Because the other inserters maintain a proportional relationship (as in an identical stack size) these graphs will primarily focus on highlighting the Green Inserter and new Stack Inserter. Dots have been marked at the turning point where they overtake the other inserters in consumption

<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (No Capacity Bonus).png||No Capacity Bonus
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 2).png|Capacity Bonus 2
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 4).png|Capacity Bonus 4
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 5) .png|Capacity Bonus 5
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 6) (Zoomed).png|Capacity Bonus 6
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 7).png|Capacity Bonus 7
</gallery>

Important to note is that the actual efficiency of the inserters is best measured in terms of kJ / item. Such a version of these graphs wasn't generated because it is almost a flat line. This is because for this kind of linear power consumption the kJ / item would just be the slope of the line, or in other words it would be the ''kJ per transfer cycle / stack size''.

Now for an important caveat. The above graphs are assuming unlimited input. That is to say the graphs assume that the inserter is always spinning at its maximum hand size. In situations that are input limited however, the inserter will not always do so. When the inserter completes its spin, the only time it waits for items is when there are zero to take. As long as there is at least a single item, the inserter will transfer whatever is there immediately, regardless of the inefficiency of moving less than its maximum. Stack Inserters are an exception to this as they actually do wait for a full hand before making the transfer, but no other inserter does. An example of an input limited situation would be the unloading of an assembler. Here are some graphs showing power usage in input limited situations:

<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 2, Input Minimum 1).png | Capacity Bonus 2, Input Minimum 1
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 2, Input Minimum 1, kJ).png | Capacity Bonus 2, Input Minimum 1
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 7, Input Minimum 1).png| Capacity Bonus 7, Input Minimum 1
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 7, Input Minimum 1, kJ).png| Capacity Bonus 7, Input Minimum 1
</gallery>

Here is how the behavior works. The inserter will increase its spin speed to max power as a utilization function of its minimum input. In simpler terms, if the minimum input is 1, it will increase power consumption as though it had no capacity bonus. Once it reaches the maximum, it will maintain max power while gradually increasing the average hand size its moving, thereby gradually increasing its efficiency. We can see this behavior in the kJ graph, where we get this swooping descent curve as it gains efficiency. We can see that with each subsequent inserter the average improves, and it will ultimately converge towards the same value as the previous set of graphs, that being ''kJ per transfer cycle / stack size''. The graphs shared cover the most common use cases, but input minimums can very quite largely. For example the input minimum for crafting yellow belts would be 2, and in general for any recipe the input minimum would be the minimum craft quantity. When belt feeding, its possible for inserters to experience inserter limiting as the belt approaches empty, or if using circuit limited sushi. Due to how many possible permutations of these graphs there are, sharing them all is simply not feasible. If you need a graph not displayed, you can generate one yourself using the code shared [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?p=670540#p670540 here]

Because the Burner Inserter doesn't have drain, its efficiency can only truly be appreciated in extremely low throughput situations. Thus we use these dedicated graphs. Before one graph with no capacity bonus would have been sufficient because at low throughputs inserters don't wait and always default to as stack size of 1. The new Stack Inserter changes this though, because Stack Inserters do in fact wait until they get a full hand before beginning their swing, meaning they always remain at optimal efficiency unlike the rest of the inserters. Though having generated the graphs it appears to be largely irrelevant, as the fundamental relationship never really changes from one extreme to the other.

<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:Burner Efficiency Graph (No Capacity Bonus).png|No Capacity Bonus
File:Burner Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 7).png|Capacity Bonus 7
</gallery>

Note: The Burner graphs are mislabeled on the y-axis. They should read kJ, not kW.

=== Belt differences===
Up until now all data was regarding chest-to-chest use cases, due to their sterile and consistent nature. The introduction of belts creates special conditions that require consideration. Here is a power chart from the game for reference:

[[File:Yellow Inserter Belt-to-Belt Power Signature.png|frameless|center|upright 3]]

The Yellow Inserter above is doing a belt-to-belt transfer, and it has a stack bonus.

The erratic section of the graph is the loading process. We can see the behavior is irregular as the inserter does not wait for the item, but rather fishes around for them. The exact behavior here is still being studied, and due to its dependence on stack size and belt speed it is very difficult to give any firm answers regarding how much power this actually uses as a quantifiable generalization. Likely a set of tables would need to be generated with every possible combination as a reference, but such data does not currently exist. The behavior should be consistent across belt speeds and stack sizes, so it can theoretically be gathered and collated into a reference table, though such data doesn't exist at this time.

Looking at the unloading section, we can see the inserter swings around normally, but then there is this dip that doesn't exist in the chest to chest behavior. This is the inserter waiting at the belt to drop off all its items. During this waiting, it uses no power aside from its drain. Once all the items are delivered, it resumes operation as normal. Different amounts of delay caused by different belt speeds and stack sizes can create variations in both our throughput and our total cost per transfer due to the additional drain. This can also be easily modeled into a table, though such a table is currently unavailable

If you are interested in volunteering to collect and share this data, you are encouraged to do so!

What this currently means in practice is that you should just use the chest-to-chest data. The overall relationship between the inserters doesn't change significantly and their efficiency hierarchy remains undisturbed, though the exact consumption in joules per item likely increases noticeably. This could be problematic for other cost estimates in your factory, but for choosing inserters its not an issue.

'''Important:''' The above efficiency graphs only apply when loading from a chest. When loading from a belt, until a more accurate dedicated data set is provided, it is advised to reference the initial no capacity bonus version of the graph for all decisions. With an inserter stack size of 1, the efficiency relationship between chests and belts is identical.

'''Regarding Quality:''' Quality inserters receive a linear speed boost for each level of quality, with a corresponding power cost increase. What this means is that the quality level of an inserter has no impact on its energy efficiency

''More data regarding inserters feeding from belts, as well as more detailed data regarding burner inserter power consumption is still needed. Please contribute if you are willing''

== See also ==
* [[Electric system]]
* [[Belt transport system]]
* [[Inserter capacity bonus (research)]]: Inserter moves more than an item per turn.

{{C|Logistics{{!}}#Inserters}} {{C|Inserters{{!}}#Inserters}}

Inserters

2026-02-19T13:14:45Z

Thrawcheld: /* Mechanics */ missing commas; wagons; replace invalid attributes with CSS

{{Languages}}
''For the common yellow electrical inserter, see [[Inserter]].''

'''Inserters''' are devices which are used to move items over short distances. When placed, they have a fixed direction. They can move items from behind and place them in front of them. By doing this, they can move items from one transport belt to another, but also extract items from—and insert items into—machines or storage devices.

== Types of inserters ==
{| class="wikitable"
| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || The only [[fuel]]-powered inserter, with the slowest speed.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || The standard electrical inserter.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}} || Capable of inserting and removing items from a greater distance.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} || Much faster than the inserter.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}} || As fast as the fast inserter, but can move many more items at the same time at once.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}} || As fast as the bulk inserter, but can stack items on a belt.
|}

== Mechanics ==
Inserters '''will''':
* Pick up items off the ground, off of a [[Transport belts|transport belt]], or from any object that has storage space, such as [[chests]], [[furnace]]s, [[assembling machine]]s, or [[vehicle]]s.
* Place the item onto the ground, onto a transport belt, or into any object that has storage space.
* Run at slower speeds when starved for energy.
* Pick up as many items as their [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|stack size]] allows at once, if they do not have to wait too long to pick them up.
* Pick up items and drop them into the void of space or lava, permanently destroying them. This is useful for getting rid of unwanted items.

Inserters '''will not''':
* Pick up any items that cannot be inserted into the adjacent entity.
* Pick up any items if the adjacent entity is a [[ghost]].
* Pick up items to place into an entity with a full inventory.
* Place more than one item at a time onto the same ground tile.
* Place items into an entity that cannot hold them, for example due to [[Stack#Filtered_stacks|filtered]] or [[Stack#Stack_limitation|limited slots]].
* Place items into a [[cargo wagon]] or fuel into a [[locomotive]] if the train it's part of is in motion, or in automatic mode and not stopped at a [[train stop]] (e.g. waiting at a signal). (Wagons will be visibly closed if they cannot be inserted into for this reason.)
* Fill up the entire target inventory of [[boiler]]s, [[nuclear reactor]]s, [[:Category:Producers|production building]]s, [[furnace]]s and [[turret]]s (see below).

If two or more inserters are picking up from the same tile, the inserter that can grab the items the fastest will grab them first. Besides faster inserters, this favors inserters taking from the inner lane of a transport belt.

=== Insertion limits ===
Depending on where an inserter is moving items, it does not always fill up the entire target inventory. This allows other inserters taking from the same transport belt to pick up their share of the items. For example, if a boiler has 5 or more items of fuel in it, an inserter will not insert additional fuel. This allows the other fuel to travel further down the transport belt. When the fuel drops below 5 items, the inserter will resume inserting fuel, up to the limit of 5 items.

{| class="wikitable"
! Entity !! Item type !! Automatic insertion limit
|-
| [[Boiler]]s, [[burner inserter]]s, [[furnace]]s, and [[nuclear reactor]]s || [[Fuel]] || style="text-align:center" | 5
|-
| [[Gun turret]]s || Magazines || style="text-align:center" | 10
|-
| [[Artillery turret]]s || [[Artillery shell]]s || style="text-align:center" | 5
|-
| [[Assembling machine]]s, [[furnace]]s, [[centrifuge]]s, [[chemical plant]]s, and [[Oil refinery|oil refineries]]|| Items needed for the recipe || The ingredients for 1 craft in addition to the ingredients for the number of crafts that can be completed during one full inserter swing; but at least the ingredients for 2 crafts and at most the ingredients for 100 crafts.[https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?p=309796#p309796]
|-
| [[Lab]]s || [[Science pack]]s || The number of science packs needed for one research unit in addition to the science packs for the number of research units that can be completed during one full inserter swing; but at least the ingredients for 2 research units and at most the ingredients for 100 research units.
|}

An inserter that has a higher [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|inserter capacity bonus]] than 1 can overfill the target building, due to the inserter picking up a higher amount of items than needed. Overfilling can also occur if multiple inserters are used to insert items into one building.

=== Inserters and transport belts ===
[[Transport belts]] have two lanes on which items can travel. Inserters only place items onto one side of the belt, either the far side from the inserter's perspective or, if the belt is going the same or the opposite direction as the inserter, the right side from the belt's perspective.

<gallery mode="nolines" class="center" widths=300px heights=350px>
File:Inserter_dropoff_locations.gif| Inserters place the item on the furthest lane. If a belt is in the same orientation as the inserter, the item will be placed on the right-hand lane, from the belt's perspective. In curves the inserter always places on the far side.
File:Inserter_pickup_locations.gif| If the belt is perpendicular to the inserter, inserters '''prefer''' taking items from the nearest lane. If the nearest lane is empty, the inserter will take from the far lane. If the belt is the same/opposite orientation of the inserter or a curve, the inserter '''prefers''' taking from the left lane, from the belt's perspective. If the left lane is empty it will take from the right lane.
</gallery>

=== Potential issues ===
Inserters may have problems picking up items:

* From very fast belts, because the items are moving too quickly.
* From the entry or exit of an underground belt (because the time they have to pick up is shorter)
* From turning belts if the item is on the inside of the corner

== Inserter speed ==
[[File:all_inserter_speeds.gif|frame|right|Animation showing all inserter speeds at once.]]
{| class="wikitable"
! Type
! Rotation-speed (turns per [[Time#Ticks|tick]]) Extension-speed ([[Map_structure#Tile|Tiles]] per Tick)
! Turns per [[Time#Seconds|Game-second]]
! Game-second per full turn
! Ticks per full turn
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || 0.013 0.035 || ~0.7895 || ~1.267 || 76
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || 0.014 0.035 || ~0.857 || ~1.167 || 70
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}} || 0.02 0.05 || 1.2 || 0.833 || 50
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}} {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}} || 0.04 0.1 || 2.5 || 0.4 || 24
|}

'''Note:''' The speeds per tick come directly from the [https://github.com/wube/factorio-data/tree/master/base/prototypes/entity factorio-data github repository], while the other values have been verified empirically in game. Discrepancies are due to rounding errors during the games runtime, so the empirical values are more accurate when dealing with speeds.

=== Rotation speed ===
Convention: 2π rad = 100% of a circle rotation = '''1 turn''' (or one full rotation).

Note:
* An Inserter doesn't always need to make full turns. When grabbing from a transport belt, it is slightly faster when grabbing items from the closest lane.
* If the rotation speed of an inserter would result in an odd number of ticks per full turn, the actual number of ticks per full turn for this inserter is truncated to be the next lowest even number. The reason for this is that the inserter needs to do two half turns to pick and drop an item. This takes a certain number of ticks two times, therefore the number of ticks for the full turn is always an even number. Example: The Fast inserter's rotation speed of 864°/s or 0.04 turns per tick would result in 25 ticks per full turn, but the inserter cannot do a half turn in "12.5 ticks", so it actually takes 2×12 = 24 ticks per full turn.

=== Extension speed ===
The extension-speed is normally not visible (only when compared to other inserters), but there are measurable speed differences when taking - for example - from the near or the far side of a belt. Also some mods can alter the pickup and drop locations of inserters, making this stat more relevant.

== Inserter throughput ==

=== Chest to chest ===
'''Note:''' Experimental data from 2.0.26, recorded in this doc [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1L8Td5o6TAicGi-TPwzh4lz2YiH0n7Jkpp3E8FxNpnAs/edit?usp=sharing]. Chest to chest transfer transfers the entire hand size during a single tick, so most of the time is spent during the swing to and from.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=2 | Type
! rowspan=2 | Arm cycles per second (ticks per cycle)
! colspan=8 | Items/second at [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] level (stack size)
|-
! colspan=2 | No capacity bonus
! colspan=2 | Capacity bonus 2
! colspan=2 | Capacity bonus 7
! colspan=2 | [[Transport belt capacity (research)|Transport belt stacking]] {{SA}}
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || {{Quality | 0.79 (76 ticks) | 1.03 (58 ticks) | 1.25 (48 ticks) | 1.5 (40 ticks) | 2 (30 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.79 |1.03 |1.25|1.5 |2 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 1.58 |2.07 |2.5|3 |4 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 2.37 |3.10 |3.75|4.5 |6 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 3.16 |4.14 |5|6 |8 }}
|| (4)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || {{Quality | 0.86 (70 ticks) | 1.03 (58 ticks) | 1.36 (44 ticks) | 1.67 (36 ticks) | 2.14 (28 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.86 |1.11 |1.36|1.67 |2.14 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 1.71 |2.22 |2.73|3.33 |4.29 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 2.57 |3.33 |4.09|5 |6.43 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 3.43 |4.44 |5.45|6.67 |8.57 }}
|| (4)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}} || {{Quality | 1.2 (50 ticks) | 1.58 (38 ticks) | 2 (30 ticks) | 2.31 (26 ticks) | 3.33 (18 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 |1.58 |2|2.31 |3.33 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 2.4 |3.16 |4|4.62 |6.67 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 3.6 |4.74 |6|6.92 |10 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 |6.32 |8|9.23 |13.33 }}
|| (4)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} || {{Quality | 2.5 (24 ticks) | 3.33 (18 ticks) | 4.29 (14 ticks) | 5 (12 ticks) | 7.5 (8 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 |3.33 | 4.29 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 5 |6.67 | 8.57 | 10 | 15 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 7.5 |10 |12.86|15 |22.5 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 10 |13.33 |17.14|20 |30 }}
|| (4)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}} || {{Quality | 2.5 (24 ticks) | 3.33 (18 ticks) | 4.29 (14 ticks) | 5 (12 ticks) | 7.5 (8 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 5 |6.673 | 8.57 | 10 | 15 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 10 |13.33 |17.14|20 |30 }}
|| (4)
|| {{ Quality | 30 |40 |51.43|60 |90 }}
|| (12)
|| {{ Quality | 30 |40 |51.43|60 |90 }}
|| (12)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}} || {{Quality | 2.5 (24 ticks) | 3.33 (18 ticks) | 4.29 (14 ticks) | 5 (12 ticks) | 7.5 (8 ticks) }}
|| {{ Quality | 15 |20 | 25.71 | 30 | 45 }}
|| (6)
|| {{ Quality | 20 |26.67 | 34.29 | 40 | 60 }}
|| (8)
|| {{ Quality | 40 | 53.33 | 68.57 | 80 | 120 }}
|| (16)
|| {{ Quality | 40 | 53.33 | 68.57 | 80 | 120 }}
|| (16)
|}

=== Chest to belt ===
Throughput going from chest to belt depends on how full the belt is. An inserter will not put down an item on a belt that has items back-to-back (aka full compression) - it waits until there is a gap. However, if the gap is narrower than the item, then the items upstream on the belt will stop to make room for the item being inserted. The direction of the belt compared to the inserter does not matter however.

In these measurements inserters move items onto an empty belt. Values are given for the stack sizes at four different [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] levels.

'''Note:''' Experimental data from 2.0

<div style="display:inline-block; width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" min-width: 100%;
! rowspan="3" | Type
! colspan="20" | Items/second at [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] level (stack size)
|-
! colspan="5" | No capacity bonus
! colspan="5" | Capacity Bonus 2
! colspan="5" | Capacity bonus 7
! colspan="5" | [[Transport belt capacity (research)|Transport belt stacking]] {{SA}}
|-
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px ]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Turbo transport belt.png|link=Turbo transport belt|32px]] ||
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px ]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Turbo transport belt.png|link=Turbo transport belt|32px]] ||
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px ]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Turbo transport belt.png|link=Turbo transport belt|32px]] ||
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px ]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Turbo transport belt.png|link=Turbo transport belt|32px]] ||
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.78 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 2 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 1.57 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.93 | 3.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.57 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.93 | 3.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.57 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.93 | 3.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.57 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.93 | 3.87 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 2.15 | 2.72 | 3.2 | 3.75 | 4.75 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.25 | 2.9 | 3.45 | 4.1 | 5.3 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.3 | 3 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 5.6 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.3 | 3 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 5.6 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 2.6 | 3.27 | 3.73 | 4.27 | 5.2 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.87 | 3.65 | 4.27 | 5 | 6.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.93 | 3.8 | 4.53 | 5.33 | 6.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3 | 3.87 | 4.6 | 5.47 | 7.07 }}
|| (4)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.67 | 2.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.67 | 2.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.67 | 2.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.37 | 1.67 | 2.13 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 1.7 | 2.17 | 2.67 | 3.23 | 4.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.7 | 2.17 | 2.67 | 3.23 | 4.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.7 | 2.17 | 2.67 | 3.23 | 4.13 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.7 | 2.17 | 2.67 | 3.23 | 4.13 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.45 | 4.1 | 5 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.45 | 3.1 | 3.75 | 4.5 | 5.6 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 4.75 | 6 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 4.75 | 6 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 2.8 | 3.43 | 4 | 4.6 | 5.47 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.07 | 3.87 | 4.6 | 5.47 | 6.67 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.2 | 4.07 | 4.87 | 5.87 | 7.27 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.27 | 4.13 | 5 | 6 | 7.48 }}
|| (4)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 | 1.58 | 2 | 2.3 | 3.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 | 1.58 | 2 | 2.3 | 3.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 | 1.58 | 2 | 2.3 | 3.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 1.2 | 1.58 | 2 | 2.3 | 3.33 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 2.33 | 3 | 3.87 | 4.43 | 6.3 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.33 | 3 | 3.87 | 4.43 | 6.3 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.33 | 3 | 3.87 | 4.43 | 6.3 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.33 | 3 | 3.87 | 4.43 | 6.3 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 3.1 | 3.9 | 4.75 | 5.3 | 6.92 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.35 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 6 | 8.18 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.45 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 9 }}
|| {{ Quality | 3.45 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 9 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 3.65 | 4.45 | 5.20 | 5.72 | 7.07 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.13 | 5.2 | 6.33 | 7.07 | 9.23 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.33 | 5.6 | 6.87 | 7.73 | 10.43 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.47 | 5.73 | 7.07 | 8 | 10.92 }}
|| (4)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.33 | 4.28 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.33 | 4.28 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.33 | 4.28 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| {{ Quality | 2.5 | 3.33 | 4.28 | 5 | 7.5 }}
|| (1)
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 5.62 | 6.92 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 6.42 | 8.18 | 10 | 11.25 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 6.9 | 9 | 11.25 | 12.85 | 18 }}
|| {{ Quality | 6.9 | 9 | 11.25 | 12.85 | 18 }}
|| (3)
|| {{ Quality | 6 | 7.07 | 7.5 | 7.52 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 7.5 | 9.23 | 10.92 | 12 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 8.27 | 10.43 | 12.62 | 14.13 | 18.47 }}
|| {{ Quality | 8.58 | 10.92 | 13.33 | 15 | 20 }}
|| (4)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| {{ Quality | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8 | 9.23 | 13.33 }}
|| (2)
|| {{ Quality | 6 | 7.07 | 7.5 | 7.52 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 7.5 | 9.23 | 10.92 | 12 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 8.27 | 10.43 | 12.62 | 14.13 | 18.47 }}
|| {{ Quality | 8.58 | 10.92 | 13.33 | 15 | 20 }}
|| (4)
|| {{ Quality | 6.93 | 7.35 | 7.5 | 7.52 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 11.23 | 12.4 | 13.33 | 13.85 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 14.4 | 16.38 | 18 | 18.95 | 21.18 }}
|| {{ Quality | 16.4 | 18.97 | 21.2 | 22.5 | 25.72 }}
|| (12)
|| {{ Quality | 6.93 | 7.35 | 7.5 | 7.52 | 7.52 }}
|| {{ Quality | 11.12 | 12.4 | 13.33 | 13.85 | 15 }}
|| {{ Quality | 14.4 | 16.38 | 18 | 18.95 | 21.18 }}
|| {{ Quality | 16.4 | 18.97 | 21.2 | 22.5 | 25.72 }}
|| (12)
|-
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}}
|| {{ Quality | 11.27 | 13.87 | 15 | 15 | 15.03 }}
|| {{ Quality | 12.87 | 16.37 | 20 | 22.5 | 30 }}
|| {{ Quality | 13.8 | 18 | 22.5 | 25.7 | 36 }}
|| {{ Quality | 13.8 | 18 | 22.5 | 25.7 | 36 }}
|| (6)
|| {{ Quality | 12 | 14.13 | 15 | 15.03 | 15.03 }}
|| {{ Quality | 15 | 18.47 | 21.83 | 24 | 30 }}
|| {{ Quality | 16.53 | 20.87 | 25.23 | 28.27 | 36.93 }}
|| {{ Quality | 17.17 | 21.83 | 26.67 | 30 | 40 }}
|| (8)
|| {{ Quality | 13.33 | 14.57 | 15 | 15.03 | 15.03 }}
|| {{ Quality | 20 | 22.87 | 25.27 | 26.67 | 30 }}
|| {{ Quality | 24 | 28.27 | 32 | 34.3 | 40 }}
|| {{ Quality | 26.67 | 32 | 36.9 | 40 | 48 }}
|| (16)
|| {{ Quality | 24 | 28.27 | 30 | 30.07 | 30.07 }}
|| {{ Quality | 30 | 36.93 | 43.67 | 48 | 60 }}
|| {{ Quality | 33.07 | 41.73 | 50.47 | 56.53 | 73.87 }}
|| {{ Quality | 34.33 | 43.67 | 53.33 | 60 | 80 }}
|| (16)
|}
</div>

=== Chest to splitter ===
When an inserter drops items onto the side of a perpendicular splitter, it always is considered to do so on the input side, enabling the splitter to move half of the items to the other belt (assuming that the splitter filter/priority settings allow it to do so and that there is available space on both belts). This allows the inserter to drop its items more quickly. A bulk inserter with capacity bonus 7 can move 16.0 items/second instead of the usual 14.4 items/second.

<gallery mode="nolines" class="center" widths=400px heights=250px>
File:Inserter to splitter comparison.gif|By inserting onto the side of a splitter, a fully-upgraded bulk inserter can fill 71% of an express belt lane instead of the usual 64%. (Gif from 1.1)
File:Inserter belt saturation.gif|In 1.1, three bulk inserters could saturate an express belt if one of them inserts onto a splitter. In 2.0, three bulk inserters can saturate an express belt if two of them insert onto splitters. (Gif from 1.1)
</gallery>

===Belt to chest (perpendicular)===

'''Note:''' The following is based on experimental data from [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Q4hxL69qrK3qeEKU8aDkuwM3gJy6I2dJ4FYSs-FQUpI/edit?usp=sharing 1.1].
Most of the 1.1 experimental data was gathered using the following circuit blueprint to measure the exact tick difference between inserter swings. A lot of the data on this page (specifically the belt to chest data) relies heavily on the conditions of the setup on which the measurements are done. If your setup differs from the ones tested on this page, you can use the following blueprint to do the measurements yourself.

{{BlueprintString|bp-string=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}}

When picking items from a belt, many more factors come into play besides belt fullness:

* How fast the items move (i.e. if they are queued up on the belt or move at belt speed).
* Whether the belt is perpendicular to the inserter or approaches it head on.
* Whether items are on the near or far lane of a perpendicular belt.
* Whether the belt turns or not, and whether the items are in the inner or outer side of the bend.
* If the belt is an underground entrance or exit. This shortens the time items are visible to the inserter for pickup.
* All sorts of intricate timing factors between the inserter and the items on the belt, since the game simulates the arm homing in on every item.

The test setup used below is with an inserter taking items from a perpendicular belt with items on the far lane only. The belt is fully compressed and timings are both for items that move at full speed and queued up as much as possible. Values are given for the stack sizes at three different [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] levels.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=4 | Type
! colspan=15 | Items/second at [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]] level (stack size)
|-
! colspan=5 | No capacity bonus
! colspan=5 | Capacity bonus 2
! colspan=5 | Capacity bonus 7
|-
! colspan=3 | Items at belt speed
! rowspan=2 | Items queued up
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | Items at belt speed
! rowspan=2 | Items queued up
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | Items at belt speed
! rowspan=2 | Items queued up
! rowspan=2 |
|-
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]]
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]]
! [[File:Transport belt.png|link=Transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Fast transport belt.png|link=Fast transport belt|32px]] || [[File:Express transport belt.png|link=Express transport belt|32px]]
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Burner inserter}} || 0.60 || '''0.65''' || 0.50 || 0.64 || (1) || 1.11 || '''1.20''' || 1.13 || 1.26 || (2) || 1.61 || 1.61 || '''1.65''' || 1.71 / 1.73 / 1.86 * || (3)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Inserter}} || '''0.94''' || '''0.94''' || '''0.94''' || 0.88 || (1) || '''1.67''' || '''1.67''' || 1.50 || 1.74 || (2) || '''2.50''' || 2.25 || 2.33 || 2.37 / 2.37 / 2.54 * || (3)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Long-handed inserter}} || 1.18 || 1.18 || '''1.25''' || 1.20 || (1) || 2.20 || 2.31 || '''2.40''' || 2.40 || (2) || 3.21 || 3.21 || '''3.46''' || 3.40 || (3)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Fast inserter}} || '''2.50''' || 2.31 || '''2.50''' || 2.50 || (1) || 4.50 || 4.29 || '''5.00''' || 4.80 || (2) || '''6.43''' || 6.00 || '''6.43''' || 6.43 || (3)
|- align="center"
| align="left"| {{Imagelink|Bulk inserter}} || 4.50 || 4.29 || '''5.00''' || 4.80 || (2) || 7.50 || 7.50 || '''8.00''' || 7.50 / 8.57 / 8.28 * || (4) || 7.50 || 11.25 || '''15.00''' || 7.50 / 13.09 / 15.32 * || (12)
|}

<nowiki>*)</nowiki> Throughput for basic/fast/express belt.

Since there are many more factors involved, these measurements exhibit a more complex pattern than chest-to-belt.

* Boldface cells show for which belt each inserter has the best throughput on each bonus level when items move at belt speed. Higher speed belts mean that inserters have to work harder to catch the fast moving items. The effect is most noticeable for slower inserters and smaller stack sizes.
* When items are queued up the belt type hardly matters, so there is only a single column for that. The exceptions are the stack inserters - for basic transport belts it's the belt that sets the limit for stack sizes above 4, and there is also a notable difference between fast and express belts.

=== Belt to chest (facing inserter) ===
'''Note:''' Experimental data from 1.1

When picking up items from a belt facing the inserter, there are multiple small differences between different setups. The following throughput tests are performed with [[express transport belt]]s and [[bulk inserter]]s with the maximum [[inserter capacity bonus (research)|capacity bonus]].
Each setup in the following picture shows the amount of ticks per cycle of the inserter and the amount of items per second the inserter moves. These measurements are consistent in all orientations of the setup.

[[File:Inserter_belt_to_chest_throughput.png|center|900px]]

=== Insertion into lava/space ===

In [[Space Age]], inserters can dump items into lava on [[Vulcanus]] or into space on [[Space platform]]s. This act however is not as fast as inserting into a chest or similar container.

When inserting into lava/space, one item is removed from the inserter's hand every tick. So a [[stack inserter]] holding 16 items requires 16 ticks to dump its contents into lava/space. By contrast, when inserting into a container, the entire hand size is placed in the container in 1 tick.

== Power usage ==
Inserter power draw is determined by several factors.

Firstly like most machines, all of the inserters (with the exception of the burner) have drain. Drain is the energy cost of existence, and is expended constantly as long as the inserter exists on the power grid, regardless of activity or lack thereof.

Inserters also have a two costs associated with movement. These costs are applied separately and cumulatively for rotational motion as well as extension/retraction.

Lastly, inserters exhibit a power spike when acquiring and dropping off an item. This can be referred to as "item spike" because it is typically observed directly after item interaction. This is because after receiving/delivering an item it will begin extending/retracting a distance of 0.2 units (distance sourced from [https://github.com/wube/factorio-data/blob/master/base/prototypes/entity/entities.lua source code]). This power cost associated with linear movement is significantly more expensive than that of rotational movement, hence the sharp increase in power consumption.

[[File:Yellow Inserter Power Spikes.png|thumb|Power Consumption graph of Yellow Inserter]]

Here we can see that for the duration of the lateral movement the power consumption is significantly higher.

Burner Inserters, despite not using electricity, also have the same power consumption characteristics as the rest of the inserters (excluding drain). Upon accepting fuel they will replenish something resembling an internal battery, and draw from it in the same manner other inserters draw from the power grid, item spikes and all. Aside from their exclusion from drain, Burner Inserters function identically to other Inserters.

=== Energy costs ===

[[File:Inserter Testing Setup.png|thumb|Inserter Testing Setup]]

It's important to note that due to rounding errors the games values cannot be taken at face value when doing calculations, so a blend of theoretical and empirical methods must be used to ensure accuracy. More information can be viewed here at this [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?t=128389 forum topic]

The game calculates inserter power based on its hard coded power modifiers:

'''Inserter Power Modifiers (kJ)'''

These values are derived from [https://github.com/wube/factorio-data/blob/master/base/prototypes/entity/entities.lua source code]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 50 || 5 || 5 || 7 || 20 || 40
|-
|}

The way the game uses these values is it takes the game's programmed speed in ticks (which can be found higher up on the page), and then uses that alongside these numbers to derive a wattage, using the following equation:

<code>Speed × Power Modifier × Ticks per second</code>

Applying the equation we can derive the following values:

'''Cost of rotational movement in kW'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 39 || 4.2 || 6 || 16.8 || 48 || 96
|-
|}

'''Cost of linear movement in kW'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 105 || 10.5 || 15 || 42 || 120 || 240
|-
|}

Taking these two values and adding them together, alongside drain, will give you your max power. It is critical to note that while the duration of consumption is affected by rounding errors in the game like the time per spin and so on, the actual wattage is unaffected by these rounding errors. Just because the inserter spins slightly faster than in the games code doesn't mean it uses slightly more wattage, it still demands the same wattage.

Your rotational power is used during the entire time the inserter is spinning, while the the extension cost is only used briefly during item interaction, causing item spike. By calculating the duration of both you can accurately calculate how many joules your inserter is using in any given situation. Just like with the rotational speeds, item spike duration is subject to rounding errors from the game. You can calculate it by taking the games rated distance of 0.2 and dividing it by the inserters rated speed, and then truncating the number. To save you some hassle here is a reference table

'''Tick duration of Item Spike'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 5 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
|}

Knowing these values, energy cost is easy to calculate, and is linear to inserter utilization. This means if your inserter is only running half the time, it will only use half the power, with the exception of drain which remains constant in all situations.

'''Cost per transfer cycle in kJ'''

These values are isolated from drain. Values were theoretically derived and empirically confirmed for accuracy. [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?t=128389 More information]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Burner !! Yellow!! Red!! Blue !! Green !! Stack
|-
| 66.9 || 6.65 || 7 || 8.12 || 23.2 || 46.4
|-
|}

=== Inserter efficiency ===

The above data can be used to compare inserter efficiency directly. Remember that the transfer cycle cost remains the same regardless of how many items are moved. This means that the later inserters with their larger stack sizes can outperform other inserters despite their higher transfer cost, since they can achieve a lower cost per item. Here are some graphs of chest-to-chest data showing the efficiency of different inserters at differing stack sizes. Because the other inserters maintain a proportional relationship (as in an identical stack size) these graphs will primarily focus on highlighting the Green Inserter and new Stack Inserter. Dots have been marked at the turning point where they overtake the other inserters in consumption

<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (No Capacity Bonus).png||No Capacity Bonus
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 2).png|Capacity Bonus 2
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 4).png|Capacity Bonus 4
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 5) .png|Capacity Bonus 5
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 6) (Zoomed).png|Capacity Bonus 6
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 7).png|Capacity Bonus 7
</gallery>

Important to note is that the actual efficiency of the inserters is best measured in terms of kJ / item. Such a version of these graphs wasn't generated because it is almost a flat line. This is because for this kind of linear power consumption the kJ / item would just be the slope of the line, or in other words it would be the ''kJ per transfer cycle / stack size''.

Now for an important caveat. The above graphs are assuming unlimited input. That is to say the graphs assume that the inserter is always spinning at its maximum hand size. In situations that are input limited however, the inserter will not always do so. When the inserter completes its spin, the only time it waits for items is when there are zero to take. As long as there is at least a single item, the inserter will transfer whatever is there immediately, regardless of the inefficiency of moving less than its maximum. Stack Inserters are an exception to this as they actually do wait for a full hand before making the transfer, but no other inserter does. An example of an input limited situation would be the unloading of an assembler. Here are some graphs showing power usage in input limited situations:

<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 2, Input Minimum 1).png | Capacity Bonus 2, Input Minimum 1
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 2, Input Minimum 1, kJ).png | Capacity Bonus 2, Input Minimum 1
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 7, Input Minimum 1).png| Capacity Bonus 7, Input Minimum 1
File:Inserter Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 7, Input Minimum 1, kJ).png| Capacity Bonus 7, Input Minimum 1
</gallery>

Here is how the behavior works. The inserter will increase its spin speed to max power as a utilization function of its minimum input. In simpler terms, if the minimum input is 1, it will increase power consumption as though it had no capacity bonus. Once it reaches the maximum, it will maintain max power while gradually increasing the average hand size its moving, thereby gradually increasing its efficiency. We can see this behavior in the kJ graph, where we get this swooping descent curve as it gains efficiency. We can see that with each subsequent inserter the average improves, and it will ultimately converge towards the same value as the previous set of graphs, that being ''kJ per transfer cycle / stack size''. The graphs shared cover the most common use cases, but input minimums can very quite largely. For example the input minimum for crafting yellow belts would be 2, and in general for any recipe the input minimum would be the minimum craft quantity. When belt feeding, its possible for inserters to experience inserter limiting as the belt approaches empty, or if using circuit limited sushi. Due to how many possible permutations of these graphs there are, sharing them all is simply not feasible. If you need a graph not displayed, you can generate one yourself using the code shared [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?p=670540#p670540 here]

Because the Burner Inserter doesn't have drain, its efficiency can only truly be appreciated in extremely low throughput situations. Thus we use these dedicated graphs. Before one graph with no capacity bonus would have been sufficient because at low throughputs inserters don't wait and always default to as stack size of 1. The new Stack Inserter changes this though, because Stack Inserters do in fact wait until they get a full hand before beginning their swing, meaning they always remain at optimal efficiency unlike the rest of the inserters. Though having generated the graphs it appears to be largely irrelevant, as the fundamental relationship never really changes from one extreme to the other.

<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:Burner Efficiency Graph (No Capacity Bonus).png|No Capacity Bonus
File:Burner Efficiency Graph (Capacity Bonus 7).png|Capacity Bonus 7
</gallery>

Note: The Burner graphs are mislabeled on the y-axis. They should read kJ, not kW.

=== Belt differences===
Up until now all data was regarding chest-to-chest use cases, due to their sterile and consistent nature. The introduction of belts creates special conditions that require consideration. Here is a power chart from the game for reference:

[[File:Yellow Inserter Belt-to-Belt Power Signature.png|frameless|center|upright 3]]

The Yellow Inserter above is doing a belt-to-belt transfer, and it has a stack bonus.

The erratic section of the graph is the loading process. We can see the behavior is irregular as the inserter does not wait for the item, but rather fishes around for them. The exact behavior here is still being studied, and due to its dependence on stack size and belt speed it is very difficult to give any firm answers regarding how much power this actually uses as a quantifiable generalization. Likely a set of tables would need to be generated with every possible combination as a reference, but such data does not currently exist. The behavior should be consistent across belt speeds and stack sizes, so it can theoretically be gathered and collated into a reference table, though such data doesn't exist at this time.

Looking at the unloading section, we can see the inserter swings around normally, but then there is this dip that doesn't exist in the chest to chest behavior. This is the inserter waiting at the belt to drop off all its items. During this waiting, it uses no power aside from its drain. Once all the items are delivered, it resumes operation as normal. Different amounts of delay caused by different belt speeds and stack sizes can create variations in both our throughput and our total cost per transfer due to the additional drain. This can also be easily modeled into a table, though such a table is currently unavailable

If you are interested in volunteering to collect and share this data, you are encouraged to do so!

What this currently means in practice is that you should just use the chest-to-chest data. The overall relationship between the inserters doesn't change significantly and their efficiency hierarchy remains undisturbed, though the exact consumption in joules per item likely increases noticeably. This could be problematic for other cost estimates in your factory, but for choosing inserters its not an issue.

'''Important:''' The above efficiency graphs only apply when loading from a chest. When loading from a belt, until a more accurate dedicated data set is provided, it is advised to reference the initial no capacity bonus version of the graph for all decisions. With an inserter stack size of 1, the efficiency relationship between chests and belts is identical.

'''Regarding Quality:''' Quality inserters receive a linear speed boost for each level of quality, with a corresponding power cost increase. What this means is that the quality level of an inserter has no impact on its energy efficiency

''More data regarding inserters feeding from belts, as well as more detailed data regarding burner inserter power consumption is still needed. Please contribute if you are willing''

== See also ==
* [[Electric system]]
* [[Belt transport system]]
* [[Inserter capacity bonus (research)]]: Inserter moves more than an item per turn.

{{C|Logistics{{!}}#Inserters}} {{C|Inserters{{!}}#Inserters}}

Tutorial:Scrap recycling strategies

2026-02-18T22:52:39Z

Thrawcheld: don't use level 1 headings; capitalisation, grammar

{{Languages}}
Unlike with most other resources, processing [[scrap]] yields a variety of items, which is the most reliable source of obtaining most resources on [[Fulgora]] (aside from importing goods from other planets via the [[space platform]]). So it is important to understand how to use [[scrap]] on [[Fulgora]] to build a factory capable of crafting [[Electromagnetic science pack]]s and launching them into space.

== Recycling fundamentals ==
[[Scrap]] can be gathered from [[Fulgoran ruin]]s or by mining patches of scrap scattered throughout [[Fulgora]]. Scrap can be recycled by hand or with the [[recycler]]. But before this can be done, the player will need to mine a [[Fulgoran vault ruin]] by hand to unlock the recycling recipe and the recycler. Mining scrap with mining drills and recycling them with the recycler is the most effective means of building a factory on Fulgora. The Recycler has an output; it can output its products directly onto a belt or into other entities, like the [[active provider chest]] or even other recyclers. Strategies for dealing with excess products are discussed later in this tutorial.

=== What is each recycled product used for? ===
Recycling scrap produces 12 different items, with [[holmium ore]] and [[low density structure]] being the rarest product, and [[iron gear wheel]] being the most common. Of the 12 different items, three of them serve a singular purpose:
* [[Ice]] is melted into [[water]]
* [[Solid fuel]] is combined with [[light oil]] to make [[rocket fuel]].
* [[Holmium ore]] is combined with water and [[stone]] to make [[holmium solution]].

Water has various uses but it should be relatively easy to move around with [[pipe]]s. Rocket fuel is mainly used to craft [[rocket part]]s, but it can be used as fuel for your trains on Fulgora or burnt to provide power. Light oil is needed to produce rocket fuel, which is cracked from [[heavy oil]] and water. Heavy oil is a limitless resource on Fulgora and it is pumped from the [[oil ocean]] by using an [[offshore pump]].

The remaining 9 items produced by scrap recycling are used as ingredients for other products, as crafting components for rocket parts, or further recycled into their respective ingredients; some items can only be obtained this way. While each item can be recycled, only the necessary recyclable items for building a factory capable of crafting science packs on Fulgora are mentioned below.
* [[Processing unit]]s are used as rocket parts, as ingredients for the recycler and [[electromagnetic plant]], and it can be recycled into [[electronic circuit]]s.
* [[Advanced circuit]]s can be recycled for [[electronic circuit]]s and [[plastic bar]]s.
* [[Low density structure]]s are used as rocket parts and can be recycled for [[copper plate]]s and [[plastic bar]]s.
* [[Concrete]] is mostly used to craft [[refined concrete]], but it is also used to craft the recycler. Concrete can be recycled into [[stone brick]]s. The only purpose of stone bricks is to craft the [[lightning rod]].
* [[Battery|Batteries]] are used to craft [[accumulator]]s and [[supercapacitor]]s. It can be recycled down to copper plates and [[iron plate]]s.
* [[Copper cable]] can be recycled for [[copper plate]]s.
* [[Iron gear wheel]]s can be recycled for [[iron plate]]s.
* [[Steel]] is mostly used to craft [[refined concrete]], but it is also used to craft the recycler and electromagnetic plant.
* [[Stone]] is used to craft [[holmium solution]] and [[electrolyte]].

==== Other necessary ingredients ====
Electronic circuits, plastic bars, copper plates, iron plates, and stone bricks are only obtained by recycling a recycled piece of scrap.
* [[Electronic circuit]]s are most easily obtained from processing units. Obtaining them from advanced circuits is also a viable way, since advanced circuits are slightly more common and, with regards to [[electromagnetic science pack]]s, don't serve any purpose other than being recycled. Electronic circuits are mainly used for crafting [[supercapacitor]]s.
* [[Plastic bar]]s are most easily obtained from low density structures, but advanced circuits are also a good source for the same reasons listed in the above point. Plastic bars are mainly used to craft [[superconductor]]s.
* [[Copper plate]]s are most easily obtained from low density structures, but being one of the most rare scrap product, it may be better to recycle any of the three circuits down to copper plates (with electronic circuits having the best yields), or by recycling batteries or copper cable.
* [[Iron plate]]s are best obtained from recycling iron gear wheels, which are abundant.
* [[Stone brick]]s can be obtained by recycling concrete and smelting stone. They are needed for crafting lightning rods to protect the factory and provide power.

With these items, the player has all the intermediate products needed to craft Fulgora's [[electromagnetic science pack]] and launch it into space!

== Getting rid of excess ingredients ==
Scrap recycling will never yield the exact distribution of items that players might need. With scrap recycling, this is a problem; unlike on Nauvis, where not having enough iron will simply pause iron production and nothing else, to pause production of one scrap recycling product is to pause scrap recycling altogether. In other words, if not every item produced by scrap recycling is consumed, then the belts will back up, and scrap recycling is stopped from producing any items at all.

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to use every item that scrap recycling produces. Some items have a limited set of applications that are not always relevant. Other times, you will need more of one item than another, causing an imbalance in what items are consumed.

When an item has no other uses, it may therefore be necessary to destroy it outright. There is a way to do this: When trying to recycle an item that has no recyclable recipe, a recycler will output the item itself with a 25% probability, leaving a 75% probability of destroying it. By looping the output of such a Recycler back into itself, it is possible to completely destroy these items.

Be warned that scrap, while bountiful on some islands, is still a finite resource that can run out if wasted carelessly. And if all items produced by recycling have drains that simply destroy the items, it is possible to consume scrap even when the factory does not need it.

=== Efficiently trashing excess ===

Some items produced directly or indirectly from scrap recycling have long crafting times. Especially bad is steel, which in an unmoduled recycler takes 2 seconds to recycle one steel, or 2.66 seconds in total considering the 25% chance of not destroying it.

Some of these slow-to-recycle products can be crafted into other items at higher rates than they can be recycled. Steel can be turned into steel chests at 20 steel per second inside an unmoduled normal yellow assembler. This can then in turn be recycled back down to steel even more quickly due to the 16× recycling speedup. Considering the recycling yield, a yellow assembler without modules can handle 15 steel per second, and a recycler 96, compared to a recycler for steel which handles 0.375 steel per second.

Some such shortcuts are (speed comparison assuming one [[assembling machine 3]] and recycler at crafting speeds 1.25 and 0.5):
* [[Steel plate|Steel]] to [[steel chest]] (40× speedup)
* [[Iron plate|Iron]] to [[iron chest]] (8× speedup)
* [[Concrete]] to [[hazard concrete]] (6.25× speedup)
* [[Stone]] to [[landfill]] (10.42× speedup) – note that landfill is unrecyclable so needs to be looped back into the recycler, not the assembler. An [[assembling machine 3]] making landfill can consume 125 stone per second; no single [[Inserters|inserter]] of any quality can keep pace with that, even from a chest (though legendary [[stack inserter]]s come very close).
* [[Stone brick]]s to [[wall]]s (5× speedup)

[[Copper plate]]s to [[copper cable]]s is the same speed as direct recycling. Mixing in copper with steel at 2:1 to make [[heat pipe]]s is a 10× speedup, as long as enough steel is trashed together with the copper.

=== Low-priority production ===
As an alternative to outright destroying the excess items, it may be possible to turn them into something that might be useful later, so that the items are not completely wasted. For example, instead of recycling all excess steel, the player could instead craft steel chests for additional storage, or [[substation]]s to expand the electric grid at a later point. The point is not to make something that the player will need right away, as that is the job of the main production lines. Rather, it is to be seen as a bonus that players might want but do not need.

It should be noted that even these products will eventually fill up all storage and cause backups in the production line, meaning that destroying items might still become necessary in the long term.

Inserting [[quality module]]s into recyclers is another way to manage excess ingredients while also obtaining higher quality items without simply recycling items to destruction. Producing higher quality items can consume a lot of ingredients and are often nice to have without being outright necessary.

== Other tips and tricks ==

=== Recycling with quality modules ===
The recycler does not accept [[productivity module]]s. This is to prevent a net positive of items from being created when crafting and recycling items in a loop. However, this rejection of productivity modules in recyclers also applies to scrap recycling, even though there is no way to re-craft scrap from the results of recycling. In exchange, the game offers infinite research for increasing the productivity of scrap recycling, specifically. This all means that players are free to use a different kind of module, such as quality modules, without worrying about the loss of productivity.

Players may chose to place quality modules in their scrap recyclers and sort the items by quality, sending [[File:Quality normal.png|15px|link=]]normal normal items to the main factory and using higher-quality items for a head start in quality manufacturing.

However, players should keep in mind that, much like productivity, quality modules benefit from long production chains, as it increases the number of chances for item quality to be increased. Even after sorting away all [[File:Quality normal.png|15px|link=]]normal items, only 10% of the remaining items will be [[File:Quality rare.png|15px|link=]]rare or better, as the probability of skipping a quality tier will always be 10% regardless of modules.

It should also be noted that [[File:Quality uncommon.png|15px|link=]]uncommon or higher [[holmium ore]] is not actually better than [[File:Quality normal.png|15px|link=]]normal holmium ore. The sole use of holmium ore is to be used as an ingredient for [[holmium solution]], which is a fluid and therefore has no quality. Furthermore, producing holmium solution from a particular quality of holmium ore requires having a [[chemical plant]] whose recipe is set to that quality as well as having sufficient [[stone]] of that exact quality. Both of these can be automated via the [[circuit network]], but it does require some set up.

User:Thrawcheld/Planet comparison

2026-02-18T21:21:03Z

Thrawcheld: planet comparison table

{| class="wikitable"
! Planet
! Power
! Metal
! Water
! Oil products
! Enemies
! Surface expansion
! Unique mechanics
! Unique products
|-
| {{imagelink|Nauvis}}
|
* {{imagelink|Steam engine}} via {{imagelink|boiler}} fed by {{imagelink|coal}} etc.
* {{imagelink|Solar panel}}s and {{imagelink|accumulator}}s
* {{imagelink|Steam turbine}}s via {{imagelink|nuclear reactor}} or {{icon|heating tower}}
| Smelting {{imagelink|iron ore}} and {{imagelink|copper ore}} from mining
| {{imagelink|Offshore pump}}
| {{imagelink|Crude oil}} via {{imagelink|pumpjack}} and {{imagelink|oil refinery}}
| [[Biters]] and [[spitters]]
| {{imagelink|Landfill}}
| Starting planet
|
* {{imagelink|Wood}}
* {{imagelink|Raw fish}}
* {{imagelink|Uranium ore}} and uranium products
* {{imagelink|Spidertron}} (requires research from Gleba)
* {{imagelink|Biter egg}} (requires research from Gleba)
* {{imagelink|Productivity module 3}} (requires research from Gleba)
* {{imagelink|Captive biter spawner}} (requires research from Aquilo)
* {{imagelink|Biolab}} (requires research from Aquilo)
|-
| {{imagelink|Space platform}}
|
* {{imagelink|Solar panel}}s
* {{imagelink|Steam turbine}}s via {{imagelink|nuclear reactor}}
* {{imagelink|Fusion generator}}s via {{imagelink|fusion reactor}}
| Crushing {{imagelink|metallic asteroid chunk}}s into {{imagelink|iron ore}} and {{imagelink|copper ore}} and smelting it
| {{imagelink|Ice melting}} from crushing {{imagelink|oxide asteroid chunk}}s
|
* {{imagelink|Sulfur}} from {{imagelink|advanced carbonic asteroid crushing}}
* {{imagelink|Coal liquefaction}} of {{imagelink|coal}} synthesized via {{imagelink|advanced carbonic asteroid crushing}}
| Asteroids
| {{imagelink|Space platform foundation}}
|
* Power available everywhere without poles
* Jettison unwanted materials
* Can't place chests or use bots
|
* {{imagelink|Space science pack}}
* {{imagelink|Promethium science pack}} (requires research from Aquilo)
|-
| {{imagelink|Gleba}}
| {{imagelink|Steam turbine}}s via {{imagelink|heating tower}}s fed by {{imagelink|spoilage}}, {{imagelink|rocket fuel}} etc.
| {{imagelink|Iron bacteria}} and {{imagelink|copper bacteria}}
| {{imagelink|Offshore pump}}
|
* {{imagelink|Biochamber}} recipes
* {{imagelink|Coal liquefaction}} via {{imagelink|coal synthesis}} (only useful for {{imagelink|flamethrower turret}}s)
| [[Pentapods]]
| {{imagelink|Landfill}}
| [[Spoilage]]
|
* {{imagelink|Agricultural science pack}}
* {{imagelink|Jellynut}} and {{imagelink|jelly}}
* {{imagelink|Yumako}} and {{imagelink|yumako mash}}
* {{imagelink|Bioflux}}
* {{imagelink|Heating tower}}
* {{imagelink|Carbon fiber}}
* {{imagelink|Pentapod egg}}
* {{imagelink|Stack inserter}}
* {{imagelink|Rocket turret}}
* {{imagelink|Toolbelt equipment}}
* {{imagelink|Efficiency module 3}}
* {{imagelink|Capture bot rocket}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Fulgora}}
| {{imagelink|Lightning rod}}s and {{imagelink|accumulator}}s
| Recycling {{imagelink|iron gear wheel}}s, {{imagelink|electronic circuit}}s, {{imagelink|copper cable}}s, {{imagelink|battery|battery|batteries}}, and {{imagelink|low density structure}} via {{imagelink|scrap}}
| {{imagelink|Ice melting}} from recycling {{imagelink|scrap}}
| {{imagelink|Heavy oil}} from {{imagelink|offshore pump}}
| Lightning
| {{imagelink|Foundation}}
|
* [[Recycler|Recycling]]
* Lightning collection
|
* {{imagelink|Electromagnetic science pack}}
* {{imagelink|Superconductor}}
* {{imagelink|Supercapacitor}}
* {{imagelink|Electromagnetic plant}}
* {{imagelink|Recycler}}
* {{imagelink|Mech armor}}
* {{imagelink|Personal battery MK3}}
* {{imagelink|Energy shield MK2}}
* {{imagelink|Personal roboport MK2}}
* {{imagelink|Quality module 3}}
* {{imagelink|Tesla turret}}
* {{imagelink|Tesla gun}}
* {{imagelink|Tesla ammo}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Vulcanus}}
|
* {{imagelink|Steam turbine}}s via {{imagelink|acid neutralisation}}
* {{imagelink|Solar panel}}s and {{imagelink|accumulator}}s
|
* {{imagelink|Molten iron from lava}}
* {{imagelink|Molten copper from lava}}
* Other {{imagelink|foundry}} recipes cast metal items from molten metal
| {{imagelink|Steam condensation}} via {{imagelink|acid neutralisation}}
| {{imagelink|Coal liquefaction}} from mining
| [[Demolisher]]s
| {{imagelink|Foundation}}
|
* Discard unwanted items into lava
* Demolisher territories
|
* {{imagelink|Metallurgic science pack}}
* {{imagelink|Tungsten carbide}}
* {{imagelink|Tungsten plate}}
* {{imagelink|Calcite}} (also available on space platforms)
* {{imagelink|Foundry}}
* {{imagelink|Big mining drill}}
* {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt}} etc.
* {{imagelink|Artillery turret}} and {{imagelink|Artillery shell|Artillery shell|shells}}
* {{imagelink|Cliff explosives}}
* {{imagelink|Speed module 3}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Aquilo}}
|
* {{imagelink|Solar panel}} (bootstrap only)
* {{imagelink|Steam turbine}}s via {{imagelink|nuclear reactor}}
* {{imagelink|Steam turbine}}s via {{imagelink|heating tower}} fed with {{imagelink|solid fuel from ammonia}}
| Imports
| {{imagelink|Ice melting}} from {{imagelink|ammoniacal solution separation}} via {{imagelink|offshore pump}}
| {{imagelink|Crude oil}} via {{imagelink|pumpjack}} and {{imagelink|oil refinery}}
| None
| {{imagelink|Ice platform}} and {{imagelink|concrete}}
|
* Freezing buildings
* Increased energy use of bots
|
* {{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack}}
* {{imagelink|Cryogenic plant}}
* {{imagelink|Fusion reactor}}
* {{imagelink|Fusion generator}}
* {{imagelink|Fusion power cell}}
* {{imagelink|Quantum processor}}
* {{imagelink|Fluoroketone (hot)}}
* {{imagelink|Lithium}} and {{imagelink|lithium plate}}
* {{imagelink|Foundation}}
* {{imagelink|Railgun turret}}
* {{imagelink|Portable fusion reactor}}
|}

Railway

2026-02-18T04:31:06Z

Thrawcheld: /* No path */ better way of finding broken paths (NB I can't review the imgur link because it's blocked in the UK)

{{Languages}}
[[File:Railway_from_trailer_2020.png|thumb|right|430px|Railway in the [https://youtu.be/J8SBp4SyvLc official game trailer.]]]
:''For the research see [[Railway (research)]]''

'''The Railway''' is one of the main transport methods in Factorio. Although the installation of such a network can be complicated and requires a large amount of resources and space, it is faster and more efficient than [[Belt transport system|belts]] and [[Logistic network|robot logistics]], especially over large distances.

Railway construction, however, is not understood instantly. It takes some time to learn the basics, such as automating transportation. Learning how to manage and maintain the upkeep of a larger train network takes time and experience. Rails can be built on the ground, or can be - with the [[Space Age]] expansion - elevated with the help of a [[rail ramp]] and [[rail support]]s so that trains can travel over obstacles.

== Infrastructure ==

To build a railway, tracks (also called rails) must be built for the train to ride on. Typically, this is done via the [[rail planner]], but can also be done manually. Bear in mind that rails are placed on a two-tile grid, so a rail cannot be moved by only one tile.

=== Minimum manually operated railway ===
As a minimum, a manually operated railway has to consist of:
* [[Rail]]s (tracks)
* [[Locomotive]]s

Locomotives and wagons can be entered and then manually operated by standing next to them and pressing the {{Key|ENTER}} key.

=== Switches ===
* There is no visual representation of a working switch, however, the rails will appear to merge. Using the rail planner, the player must place a [[rail]] overlapping an existing rail to form a switch. Switches are forks in tracks that allow a train to pick between two directional options.
* The crossing of two straight tracks is not usable as a switch, as trains have a limited turning radius. They do, however, connect [[Rail signal| signal blocks]] which helps prevent collisions.
* Parallel tracks do not interact with each other.

[[File:fff-140-controlled-gates_sm.gif|frame|An example of a safe railway crossing. [https://wiki.factorio.com/images/Fff-140-controlled-gates.gif Click here] for the full-sized version of the image.]]

=== Crossing tracks ===

'''Be careful when crossing train tracks! Trains are one of the highest damaging entities in the game, and will kill most players instantly on contact.'''

A checklist of proper track-crossing etiquette:

# Zoom out, so that you can see a train coming.
# Look left, then right.
# Check for signals nearby: If a [[rail signal]] suddenly jumps from green to red or green to yellow, a train is coming. Do not cross.
# Avoid walking near the tracks, as you do not need to be fully on the tracks to get hit.
# While it is possible to get into/out of a train while it is moving, a miss can cost your life. The sides of the train can still deal damage, as well as the player being able to slip between two rail cars.
# Heavy [[Energy shield|shields]] can be used to reduce the damage taken. In extreme cases, it is possible to stop a train with your body. This will require several shield modules to not be instantly killed and will drain a large amount of the suit's energy.
# All entities with health will take damage getting hit by a train, so take care not to leave a [[car]] or [[tank]] on the tracks. However, this includes hostile forces!
# Trains far from a [[train stop]] will be traveling at (near) max speed, so take extra precaution when crossing and zoom out further. Trains near a [[train stop]] or signal will slow down to stop and will be traveling slower. Trains of different configurations will also move slower or faster.

A safe railroad crossing like the example shown in the picture can be built. This works by restricting access to the tracks when an oncoming train has the rails reserved. When the player is on the rails, the signals are reserved by the [[circuit network]], and the train must stop and wait until the player leaves the tracks. When a player is inside the area crossing the tracks, the train gates are closed so the player can't get on the tracks outside the crossing. This is to completely ensure a safe crossing and is often used on servers.

{{clear}}

== Trains ==
Train components:

{| class="wikitable"
|{{Imagelink|Locomotive}} || {{Imagelink|Cargo wagon}} || {{Imagelink|Fluid wagon}} || {{Imagelink|Artillery wagon}}
|}

[[File:Railway-assemble-train.png|thumb|left|300px|Placing a [[Cargo wagon]] so it is attached to the train.]]

* A train consists of at least one locomotive.
* Trains can have more than one locomotive and any number of [[wagon]]s.
* Locomotives can be '''manually''' driven forwards or backwards, however, they are generally slower going backwards. The left and right movement keys are used to change direction at switches.
* Trains can only drive forwards automatically. An automatic train can drive forwards and backwards when two locomotives facing different directions are connected to the train.
* A train needs [[fuel]] to drive. Fuel can be added by inserters when the train is in manual mode or parked at a station, not when waiting at a signal or standing in automatic mode.

The locomotives' inventory is only used for [[fuel]]. To transport items or fluids [[cargo wagon]]s and/or [[fluid wagon]]s have to be attached to the train. To attach rolling stock, whether a wagon or a locomotive, the player may prepare to place one near an existing train, where a green graphic will show the player that the stock will be attached, showing a connection between the train and the new stock. Alternatively, the player may manually connect rolling stock to trains with the rolling stock connect key, if the cargo wagon is placed far away from a train. Rolling stock can likewise be disconnected with the rolling stock disconnect key.

{{clear}}

== Stations ==
[[File:station-example-1.png|thumb|right|256px|A very minimal train station.]]

Train stations are the only place where trains can be loaded or unloaded when they are in automatic mode. Cargo wagons can be filled or emptied by up to twelve adjacent [[inserters]] (six on each side). Inserters can also be used to insert fuel into locomotives. [[Pump]]s are used to transfer fluid into and out of fluid wagons, only three pumps can attach to one fluid wagon at once.

Train stations are usually created by placing a [[train stop]]. Train stops must be on the right-hand side of the track. However, it is also possible to create a temporary train station by opening a locomotive's GUI and using {{Keybinding|ctrl|lmb}} near a rail in the minimap in the GUI or by entering a locomotive and using {{Keybinding|ctrl|lmb}} near a rail on the world map. This will create a station without requiring a train stop. The temporary train station has a default wait condition of 5 seconds and is removed from the schedule once the train leaves the station.

{{clear}}

== Signals ==
{| class="wikitable"
| {{Imagelink|Rail signal}} || {{Imagelink|Rail chain signal}}
|}

Rail signals are used to employ multiple trains automatically without the danger of trains crashing into each other. Rail signals split the network into blocks and ensure that only one train can be in every block at any time. Note that driving a train manually ignores all signals, so it is possible for automatic trains to crash into the player if the player ignores red/yellow signals. Always beware of automatic trains and give them the right of way.

The [[Tutorial:Train signals|train signals tutorial]] contains an in-depth explanation of rail signals, blocks and deadlocks.

=== Basic signaling rules ===
* There can only be one train in a block at any time. A train spanning multiple blocks occupies them all.
* A red signal means that the following block is occupied by a train.
* A yellow signal means that a train is approaching and already has the approval to enter the following block.
* [[Rail signal]]s separate a new block and reflect its state: green - free, yellow - reserved, red - occupied
* [[Rail chain signal]]s separate a new block and reflect the state of the next signal(s): see above, blue - at least one of the paths is blocked, but not all
* A train can only pass a signal on the right of the track, or if there is a signal on both sides on the same rail segment. Of course, manual driving overrides this.

== Automated transport ==
[[File:locomotive_gui.png|thumb|300px|The wait condition tab in the locomotive's GUI.]]

Trains set on "Automatic" choose their destination stop and route on departure, and after waiting at a chain signal for five seconds, and when their destination stop disables itself by circuit condition. They choose the shortest route using a [[Railway/Train_path_finding|path finding algorithm]] that will get them to an enabled train stop with the right name, taking penalties for any apparent-at-the-time delays into account. If no such train stop exists they will skip the stop and go on to the next.

This section covers items used to make trains automatically transport items between stations. The player should be familiar with creating a rail system.

First, the player has to set up a rail system with at least two train stops, which are placed on the right-hand side of the expected train arrival direction. By hovering over the train stop with the mouse you see the positions of the vehicles for better setting up the train station (including (un)loading machinery, and refueling/repair installations).

When you set up the train schedule (see below) and fuel the train, you can start the train on its schedule by switching from manual to automatic driving mode.

=== Train schedule ===
The player can set up a list of train stations in the left locomotive's GUI. The train will route to stops in the given order, if it's at the end it will continue with the first. Stations can be added by clicking "Add station" in the GUI. A pop-up appears with a list of all stop names. If one is selected, another button appears which allows selecting a wait condition from a pop-up list. Furthermore, the map in the right part of the GUI can be used to add stations to the schedule by using {{keybinding|shift|lmb}} on a station or using {{keybinding|ctrl|lmb}} near a rail in the map to create a temporary train station. These actions can also be performed on the world map when the player is sitting inside the train.

Wait conditions are used to tell the train when to leave the station. There are 15 types of wait conditions:
* '''Circuit condition''' – The train stop is connectable to the [[circuit network]], so the signals can used for wait conditions.
* '''Empty cargo''' – All inventories of the train are empty. Does not include fuel inventories.
* '''Fluid count''' – The train (all fluid wagons summed) contains a specific amount of a certain fluid.
* '''Fuel (all locomotives)''' - All locomotives in the train collectively contain a specific amount of fuel
* '''Fuel (any locomotive)''' - Any one locomotive contains a specific amount of fuel
* '''Full cargo''' - All inventories of the train are full. Does not include fuel inventories
* '''Full fuel''' - All fuel inventories are full. Does not include cargo or fluid inventories
* '''Has cargo''' - Cargo or fluid inventories contain items.
* '''Inactivity''' – No items were added or removed for the specified amount of seconds.
* '''Item count''' – The train (all cargoes summed) contains a specific amount of a certain item. Does not include fuel inventories.
* '''Passenger present''' - At least one [[player]] is inside any part of the train.
* '''Passenger not present''' - No players are inside any part of the train.
* '''Station is full''' - A specified stop is full, according to its set train limit. If the stop has no train limit set, this condition will ''not'' be met.
* '''Station is not full''' - A specified stop is not full, according to its set train limit. If the stop has no train limit set, this condition ''will'' be met.
* '''Time passed'''

It is also possible to set no wait condition, this causes the train to simply pass by the station without stopping.

Hereafter the word "term" is used to describe ''one'' type of wait condition, and the words "wait condition" are used to describe the whole set of terms (it turns a bit into maths).

If more than one term is added, it is possible to change the connection of those using the logical operators AND and OR. An AND condition will result in true if all terms are true. An OR condition will return true if at least one of the terms is true.

When mixing AND and OR terms, the logic is grouped by the OR terms. When evaluating the wait condition, the first term is evaluated along with all AND terms immediately following up to but excluding the next occurring OR term. If they all evaluate true, the wait condition evaluates true. Otherwise, evaluation continues with that next occurring OR term and all AND terms immediately following it, up to the next OR term. This continues until either an OR group evaluates true and the wait condition is satisfied, or all terms have been checked.

==== Examples ====
[[File:Traingroup gui.png|thumb|300px|The train group GUI. There are 2 trains in "Group A" and 1 train in "Group B"]]
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
Expand for examples
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Wait until full, up to 30 seconds:

<pre>
Full cargo inventory
OR 30 seconds passed
</pre>

Wait until cargo full, ''or'' circuit condition Oil > 3000:

<pre>
Full cargo inventory
OR Circuit condition - Oil > 3000
</pre>

Wait until empty, ''and'' 30 seconds passed, ''and'' 5 seconds of inactivity:

<pre>
Empty cargo inventory
AND 30 seconds passed
AND 5 seconds of inactivity
</pre>

Wait until iron ore is low, ''or'' copper ore is low ''and'' at least 30 seconds passed:

<pre>
Cargo: Iron ore < 500
AND 30 seconds passed
OR Cargo: Copper ore < 500
AND 30 seconds passed
</pre>

Factorio's wait condition logic is read as disjunctive normal form ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunctive_normal_form DNF]), and so this last example is processed as (note the parenthesis):

<pre>((Cargo: Iron ore < 500 AND 30 seconds passed) OR (Cargo: Copper ore < 500 AND 30 seconds passed))</pre>

Which is the same as this:

<pre>((Cargo: Iron ore < 500 OR Cargo: Copper ore < 500) AND 30 seconds passed)</pre>

Unfortunately, there is no way to write that shorter form in the current UI.
</div></div>

=== Train groups ===
Trains are able to be assigned to a group. Selecting the small edit icon next to "no group assigned" will bring up the existing groups in the current world. One can select a group for the train to join, or create a new one. Editing the schedule of one train will change the schedules of all trains in the same group.

=== Schedule interrupts ===
[[File:Interrupt gui.png|thumb|300px|The Edit Interrupt GUI.]]

Schedule interrupts allow a locomotive to override its current schedule when a certain condition is met. Selecting "Add interrupt" in the locomotive's GUI will bring up a list of existing interrupts in the current world. One can be selected from the list, or typing in a name will create a new one. Creating one will add it to the locomotive and all locomotives in the current locomotive group.

To work, an interrupt requires two parts: a condition and a target station. When a condition is met, the interrupt will activate and insert the target station as a temporary stop in the locomotive's schedule. The locomotive will route to the target station and wait there until the specified wait condition is met, at which point it will leave and resume its original schedule.

An interrupt can be triggered on many of the same conditions as waiting at a stop, along with some new conditions:
* '''At specified station''' - The train is waiting at a specific stop
* '''Destination full or no path''' - The train's next stop is full, according to its train limit; or the train cannot physically reach its next station
* '''Not at specified station''' - The train is stopped somewhere other than the specific stop

Multiple trains can have the same interrupt regardless of whether they are in the same locomotive group or not. Editing an interrupt will change it for all trains which have the interrupt in their system.

Interrupts can be reordered within the locomotive's GUI like normal stops. If a train has multiple interrupt conditions true at the same time, it will prioritize interrupts that are higher on the list.

=== Wildcard Interrupts ===
[[File:interrupt_wildcards.png|thumb|left|300px|The four wildcard signals: Item, Fuel, Fluid, & Signal.]]
Within interrupts, trains have access to four special "wildcard" signals located within the Unsorted tab, which are special [[Circuit network#Logic signals|logic signals]] that can only be used within interrupts. Wildcard signals come in four types: item, fuel, fluid, and signal. When used as a condition to trigger an interrupt, each one looks at a specific inventory within the train and will replace itself with the signal of the first item it finds. For example, if an interrupt is set to trigger if an item parameter is over 50, and 51 [[iron gear wheel]]s are placed into a cargo wagon, the interrupt will trigger as if the condition was looking for over 50 iron gears. Item, fluid, and fuel wildcards each look at a specific inventory: [[cargo wagon|cargo]] and [[artillery wagon]]s, [[fluid wagon]]s, and [[locomotive]]s, respectively.

When used solely as a condition, wildcards act otherwise identically to the [[circuit network#Anything|anything]] logic signal. What makes them special is their function when used in both the condition and the target.

Wildcards will also replace themselves with any [[rich text]] icons within the names of [[train stop]]s. Instead of selecting a target stop from the list, instead click on the "icon" button next to the green confirm button and select the same type of wildcard as used in the condition. Then, type the name of the station. If the stop has a matching icon in its name, then the train will match the item it contains with that icon, and select that stop as the destination.

The final wildcard, Signal parameter, checks against any signals passed to the train while parked at a train stop. When combined with a signal parameter for a target station, this can make the train go to a stop which has an icon in its name matching the signal it received from the station. When combined with matching the target station based on its contents, this can be utilized to create a generic train system which can select its destination based on the item it receives.

=== Troubleshooting ===

Below are some things to verify if a rail system or train is not working.

* Is the train fueled? Ensure that the locomotive has [[fuel]] of some kind.
* Misplaced or non-functional switches? Ensure that the train can plan a path through the switches.
* Another train on the same [[Railway#Block|block]]? Make sure the path of the train is unobstructed.
* Train stops placed correctly? Make sure that the yellow arrows when hovering on the stop point towards the end or exit of the stop.
* Is the train allowed to enter signals from the right direction? Are the signals set correctly?
* If a track is supposed to be two-way, the rail signals should be opposite each other. You can verify they match up by hovering the cursor over one. For a matched pair, it will show the other.

==== No path ====
When trains cannot reach the target, a "no path" symbol pops up over the locomotive. Check:
* Can the train reach its current destination by '''only driving forward'''? Build turning slopes or place a locomotive at both ends of a train!
* Are the train stops standing in the right direction? Train stops must be on the right-hand side of the track (from the forward-facing locomotive's perspective). If the train is traveling south, the stop must be on the west side of the track.
* If you use rail signals, check that the signals are all allowing traffic in the correct direction.
* Check for interruptions in the train tracks. Especially near junctions, missing rail sections can be hard to spot.

If you are still having problems, consider these troubleshooting techniques:
* Holding {{key|ctrl}} and hovering the cursor over the tracks in map view will show the path the train would take to get there. Move the cursor along the tracks where you expect the path to go until the path disappears. If there is no missing section of rail at that point, there is likely a signalling problem.
* Try driving the train manually. If the train abruptly stops, there is a gap in the track (or possibly a redundant spur that should be removed). Otherwise, as you pass each switch, try switching to automatic. When it works, you will know the rough area of the problem.
[http://imgur.com/a/Nq2Yk A pictorial summary of typical problems].

==== Interrupts ====

When a train is about to leave the last station in an interrupt's schedule, there is no inherent mechanism which prevents the same interrupt from re-triggering. Many interrupt conditions naturally prevent retriggering by the nature of their condition. A wildcard interrupt for unloading cargo cannot trigger if the train has no cargo. Other conditions may retrigger if something in the base has malfunctioned. For example, a refueling interrupt should only trigger when fuel is low. But if the train is at the fuel station, wants to leave, and still has low fuel, then either there is no inserter to load fuel or the refueling station has run out of fuel.

But there can be cases where the conditions for a trigger's desired conditions can still happen after executing the interrupt's schedule.

To force the train to always choose a station with a different name, add "Not at specified station" to the interrupt conditions, specifying the same target station. This way, the train will be forced to pick a different interrupt, or travel to a station in its main schedule.

If the train should travel to a different station of the same name, circuit logic can be used to disable the current station and lower its priority, as well as adding "Station is not full" to the interrupt condition. Note that only disabling the station is not enough to prevent this issue, the train will only choose a different destination with the same name if it has a higher priority. Once there are no other valid stations with the same name (i.e. all of them are disabled, so there is no higher-priority station), the "Station is not full" condition will prevent the train from getting stuck.

== Elevated rails ==
[[File:Elevated intersection example.png|thumb|350px|A simple bridge using elevated rails.]]
{{About/Space age}}
Elevated rails come in a separate mod which can be enabled independently of Space Age. They come as two new buildings: [[rail ramp]] and [[rail support]]. Ramps and supports are the only items in the game able to be built in the oceans of [[Nauvis]]. When playing with Space Age itself, elevated rails become an important part of the game, as they are critical to bridging the oil oceans of [[Fulgora]]{{SA}} and the lava rivers of [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}, as well as easily crossing the vast watery landscape on [[Gleba]]{{SA}}.

Elevated rails can be built using the [[rail planner]]. Pressing {{Keybinding|G}} will switch levels, and attempt to build a ramp up or down, if the player has one in their inventory. While holding {{Keybinding|shift}} and targeting a section of rail on the opposite level, the rail planner will automatically place any ramps and/or supports necessary to reach that destination. A rail support must be placed every 16 straight tiles. Disassembling a support or ramp will automatically disassemble any rails which rely on that support.

Players and [[enemies]] cannot walk on elevated rail. A player can enter and exit the train if it is elevated as normal, and will be teleported to the ground. If the player attempts to exit while over water or lava, nothing will happen. Both types of rail signals can be placed on elevated rail, but not train stops.

Certain buildings are too tall to be placed underneath elevated rails:
* {{IconLink|Big electric pole}}
* {{IconLink|Cargo landing pad}}
* {{IconLink|Oil refinery}}
* {{IconLink|Roboport}}
* {{IconLink|Rocket silo}}
* {{IconLink|Agricultural tower|space-age=yes}}
* {{IconLink|Cargo bay|space-age=yes}}
* {{IconLink|Lightning rod|space-age=yes}}
* {{IconLink|Lightning collector|space-age=yes}}

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|getting-on-track}}
{{Achievement|trans-factorio-express}}
{{Achievement|watch-your-step}}
{{Achievement|getting-on-track-like-a-pro}}

== See also ==
* [[Tutorial:Train signals]]
* [[Railway/Train path finding]]
* [[Locomotive]]
* [[Cargo wagon]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]
* [[Artillery wagon]]

{{C|Logistics{{!}}#Railway}} {{C|Railway{{!}}#Railway}}

Railway

2026-02-18T02:17:19Z

Thrawcheld: /* Minimum manually operated railway */ can also enter wagons

{{Languages}}
[[File:Railway_from_trailer_2020.png|thumb|right|430px|Railway in the [https://youtu.be/J8SBp4SyvLc official game trailer.]]]
:''For the research see [[Railway (research)]]''

'''The Railway''' is one of the main transport methods in Factorio. Although the installation of such a network can be complicated and requires a large amount of resources and space, it is faster and more efficient than [[Belt transport system|belts]] and [[Logistic network|robot logistics]], especially over large distances.

Railway construction, however, is not understood instantly. It takes some time to learn the basics, such as automating transportation. Learning how to manage and maintain the upkeep of a larger train network takes time and experience. Rails can be built on the ground, or can be - with the [[Space Age]] expansion - elevated with the help of a [[rail ramp]] and [[rail support]]s so that trains can travel over obstacles.

== Infrastructure ==

To build a railway, tracks (also called rails) must be built for the train to ride on. Typically, this is done via the [[rail planner]], but can also be done manually. Bear in mind that rails are placed on a two-tile grid, so a rail cannot be moved by only one tile.

=== Minimum manually operated railway ===
As a minimum, a manually operated railway has to consist of:
* [[Rail]]s (tracks)
* [[Locomotive]]s

Locomotives and wagons can be entered and then manually operated by standing next to them and pressing the {{Key|ENTER}} key.

=== Switches ===
* There is no visual representation of a working switch, however, the rails will appear to merge. Using the rail planner, the player must place a [[rail]] overlapping an existing rail to form a switch. Switches are forks in tracks that allow a train to pick between two directional options.
* The crossing of two straight tracks is not usable as a switch, as trains have a limited turning radius. They do, however, connect [[Rail signal| signal blocks]] which helps prevent collisions.
* Parallel tracks do not interact with each other.

[[File:fff-140-controlled-gates_sm.gif|frame|An example of a safe railway crossing. [https://wiki.factorio.com/images/Fff-140-controlled-gates.gif Click here] for the full-sized version of the image.]]

=== Crossing tracks ===

'''Be careful when crossing train tracks! Trains are one of the highest damaging entities in the game, and will kill most players instantly on contact.'''

A checklist of proper track-crossing etiquette:

# Zoom out, so that you can see a train coming.
# Look left, then right.
# Check for signals nearby: If a [[rail signal]] suddenly jumps from green to red or green to yellow, a train is coming. Do not cross.
# Avoid walking near the tracks, as you do not need to be fully on the tracks to get hit.
# While it is possible to get into/out of a train while it is moving, a miss can cost your life. The sides of the train can still deal damage, as well as the player being able to slip between two rail cars.
# Heavy [[Energy shield|shields]] can be used to reduce the damage taken. In extreme cases, it is possible to stop a train with your body. This will require several shield modules to not be instantly killed and will drain a large amount of the suit's energy.
# All entities with health will take damage getting hit by a train, so take care not to leave a [[car]] or [[tank]] on the tracks. However, this includes hostile forces!
# Trains far from a [[train stop]] will be traveling at (near) max speed, so take extra precaution when crossing and zoom out further. Trains near a [[train stop]] or signal will slow down to stop and will be traveling slower. Trains of different configurations will also move slower or faster.

A safe railroad crossing like the example shown in the picture can be built. This works by restricting access to the tracks when an oncoming train has the rails reserved. When the player is on the rails, the signals are reserved by the [[circuit network]], and the train must stop and wait until the player leaves the tracks. When a player is inside the area crossing the tracks, the train gates are closed so the player can't get on the tracks outside the crossing. This is to completely ensure a safe crossing and is often used on servers.

{{clear}}

== Trains ==
Train components:

{| class="wikitable"
|{{Imagelink|Locomotive}} || {{Imagelink|Cargo wagon}} || {{Imagelink|Fluid wagon}} || {{Imagelink|Artillery wagon}}
|}

[[File:Railway-assemble-train.png|thumb|left|300px|Placing a [[Cargo wagon]] so it is attached to the train.]]

* A train consists of at least one locomotive.
* Trains can have more than one locomotive and any number of [[wagon]]s.
* Locomotives can be '''manually''' driven forwards or backwards, however, they are generally slower going backwards. The left and right movement keys are used to change direction at switches.
* Trains can only drive forwards automatically. An automatic train can drive forwards and backwards when two locomotives facing different directions are connected to the train.
* A train needs [[fuel]] to drive. Fuel can be added by inserters when the train is in manual mode or parked at a station, not when waiting at a signal or standing in automatic mode.

The locomotives' inventory is only used for [[fuel]]. To transport items or fluids [[cargo wagon]]s and/or [[fluid wagon]]s have to be attached to the train. To attach rolling stock, whether a wagon or a locomotive, the player may prepare to place one near an existing train, where a green graphic will show the player that the stock will be attached, showing a connection between the train and the new stock. Alternatively, the player may manually connect rolling stock to trains with the rolling stock connect key, if the cargo wagon is placed far away from a train. Rolling stock can likewise be disconnected with the rolling stock disconnect key.

{{clear}}

== Stations ==
[[File:station-example-1.png|thumb|right|256px|A very minimal train station.]]

Train stations are the only place where trains can be loaded or unloaded when they are in automatic mode. Cargo wagons can be filled or emptied by up to twelve adjacent [[inserters]] (six on each side). Inserters can also be used to insert fuel into locomotives. [[Pump]]s are used to transfer fluid into and out of fluid wagons, only three pumps can attach to one fluid wagon at once.

Train stations are usually created by placing a [[train stop]]. Train stops must be on the right-hand side of the track. However, it is also possible to create a temporary train station by opening a locomotive's GUI and using {{Keybinding|ctrl|lmb}} near a rail in the minimap in the GUI or by entering a locomotive and using {{Keybinding|ctrl|lmb}} near a rail on the world map. This will create a station without requiring a train stop. The temporary train station has a default wait condition of 5 seconds and is removed from the schedule once the train leaves the station.

{{clear}}

== Signals ==
{| class="wikitable"
| {{Imagelink|Rail signal}} || {{Imagelink|Rail chain signal}}
|}

Rail signals are used to employ multiple trains automatically without the danger of trains crashing into each other. Rail signals split the network into blocks and ensure that only one train can be in every block at any time. Note that driving a train manually ignores all signals, so it is possible for automatic trains to crash into the player if the player ignores red/yellow signals. Always beware of automatic trains and give them the right of way.

The [[Tutorial:Train signals|train signals tutorial]] contains an in-depth explanation of rail signals, blocks and deadlocks.

=== Basic signaling rules ===
* There can only be one train in a block at any time. A train spanning multiple blocks occupies them all.
* A red signal means that the following block is occupied by a train.
* A yellow signal means that a train is approaching and already has the approval to enter the following block.
* [[Rail signal]]s separate a new block and reflect its state: green - free, yellow - reserved, red - occupied
* [[Rail chain signal]]s separate a new block and reflect the state of the next signal(s): see above, blue - at least one of the paths is blocked, but not all
* A train can only pass a signal on the right of the track, or if there is a signal on both sides on the same rail segment. Of course, manual driving overrides this.

== Automated transport ==
[[File:locomotive_gui.png|thumb|300px|The wait condition tab in the locomotive's GUI.]]

Trains set on "Automatic" choose their destination stop and route on departure, and after waiting at a chain signal for five seconds, and when their destination stop disables itself by circuit condition. They choose the shortest route using a [[Railway/Train_path_finding|path finding algorithm]] that will get them to an enabled train stop with the right name, taking penalties for any apparent-at-the-time delays into account. If no such train stop exists they will skip the stop and go on to the next.

This section covers items used to make trains automatically transport items between stations. The player should be familiar with creating a rail system.

First, the player has to set up a rail system with at least two train stops, which are placed on the right-hand side of the expected train arrival direction. By hovering over the train stop with the mouse you see the positions of the vehicles for better setting up the train station (including (un)loading machinery, and refueling/repair installations).

When you set up the train schedule (see below) and fuel the train, you can start the train on its schedule by switching from manual to automatic driving mode.

=== Train schedule ===
The player can set up a list of train stations in the left locomotive's GUI. The train will route to stops in the given order, if it's at the end it will continue with the first. Stations can be added by clicking "Add station" in the GUI. A pop-up appears with a list of all stop names. If one is selected, another button appears which allows selecting a wait condition from a pop-up list. Furthermore, the map in the right part of the GUI can be used to add stations to the schedule by using {{keybinding|shift|lmb}} on a station or using {{keybinding|ctrl|lmb}} near a rail in the map to create a temporary train station. These actions can also be performed on the world map when the player is sitting inside the train.

Wait conditions are used to tell the train when to leave the station. There are 15 types of wait conditions:
* '''Circuit condition''' – The train stop is connectable to the [[circuit network]], so the signals can used for wait conditions.
* '''Empty cargo''' – All inventories of the train are empty. Does not include fuel inventories.
* '''Fluid count''' – The train (all fluid wagons summed) contains a specific amount of a certain fluid.
* '''Fuel (all locomotives)''' - All locomotives in the train collectively contain a specific amount of fuel
* '''Fuel (any locomotive)''' - Any one locomotive contains a specific amount of fuel
* '''Full cargo''' - All inventories of the train are full. Does not include fuel inventories
* '''Full fuel''' - All fuel inventories are full. Does not include cargo or fluid inventories
* '''Has cargo''' - Cargo or fluid inventories contain items.
* '''Inactivity''' – No items were added or removed for the specified amount of seconds.
* '''Item count''' – The train (all cargoes summed) contains a specific amount of a certain item. Does not include fuel inventories.
* '''Passenger present''' - At least one [[player]] is inside any part of the train.
* '''Passenger not present''' - No players are inside any part of the train.
* '''Station is full''' - A specified stop is full, according to its set train limit. If the stop has no train limit set, this condition will ''not'' be met.
* '''Station is not full''' - A specified stop is not full, according to its set train limit. If the stop has no train limit set, this condition ''will'' be met.
* '''Time passed'''

It is also possible to set no wait condition, this causes the train to simply pass by the station without stopping.

Hereafter the word "term" is used to describe ''one'' type of wait condition, and the words "wait condition" are used to describe the whole set of terms (it turns a bit into maths).

If more than one term is added, it is possible to change the connection of those using the logical operators AND and OR. An AND condition will result in true if all terms are true. An OR condition will return true if at least one of the terms is true.

When mixing AND and OR terms, the logic is grouped by the OR terms. When evaluating the wait condition, the first term is evaluated along with all AND terms immediately following up to but excluding the next occurring OR term. If they all evaluate true, the wait condition evaluates true. Otherwise, evaluation continues with that next occurring OR term and all AND terms immediately following it, up to the next OR term. This continues until either an OR group evaluates true and the wait condition is satisfied, or all terms have been checked.

==== Examples ====
[[File:Traingroup gui.png|thumb|300px|The train group GUI. There are 2 trains in "Group A" and 1 train in "Group B"]]
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
Expand for examples
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Wait until full, up to 30 seconds:

<pre>
Full cargo inventory
OR 30 seconds passed
</pre>

Wait until cargo full, ''or'' circuit condition Oil > 3000:

<pre>
Full cargo inventory
OR Circuit condition - Oil > 3000
</pre>

Wait until empty, ''and'' 30 seconds passed, ''and'' 5 seconds of inactivity:

<pre>
Empty cargo inventory
AND 30 seconds passed
AND 5 seconds of inactivity
</pre>

Wait until iron ore is low, ''or'' copper ore is low ''and'' at least 30 seconds passed:

<pre>
Cargo: Iron ore < 500
AND 30 seconds passed
OR Cargo: Copper ore < 500
AND 30 seconds passed
</pre>

Factorio's wait condition logic is read as disjunctive normal form ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunctive_normal_form DNF]), and so this last example is processed as (note the parenthesis):

<pre>((Cargo: Iron ore < 500 AND 30 seconds passed) OR (Cargo: Copper ore < 500 AND 30 seconds passed))</pre>

Which is the same as this:

<pre>((Cargo: Iron ore < 500 OR Cargo: Copper ore < 500) AND 30 seconds passed)</pre>

Unfortunately, there is no way to write that shorter form in the current UI.
</div></div>

=== Train groups ===
Trains are able to be assigned to a group. Selecting the small edit icon next to "no group assigned" will bring up the existing groups in the current world. One can select a group for the train to join, or create a new one. Editing the schedule of one train will change the schedules of all trains in the same group.

=== Schedule interrupts ===
[[File:Interrupt gui.png|thumb|300px|The Edit Interrupt GUI.]]

Schedule interrupts allow a locomotive to override its current schedule when a certain condition is met. Selecting "Add interrupt" in the locomotive's GUI will bring up a list of existing interrupts in the current world. One can be selected from the list, or typing in a name will create a new one. Creating one will add it to the locomotive and all locomotives in the current locomotive group.

To work, an interrupt requires two parts: a condition and a target station. When a condition is met, the interrupt will activate and insert the target station as a temporary stop in the locomotive's schedule. The locomotive will route to the target station and wait there until the specified wait condition is met, at which point it will leave and resume its original schedule.

An interrupt can be triggered on many of the same conditions as waiting at a stop, along with some new conditions:
* '''At specified station''' - The train is waiting at a specific stop
* '''Destination full or no path''' - The train's next stop is full, according to its train limit; or the train cannot physically reach its next station
* '''Not at specified station''' - The train is stopped somewhere other than the specific stop

Multiple trains can have the same interrupt regardless of whether they are in the same locomotive group or not. Editing an interrupt will change it for all trains which have the interrupt in their system.

Interrupts can be reordered within the locomotive's GUI like normal stops. If a train has multiple interrupt conditions true at the same time, it will prioritize interrupts that are higher on the list.

=== Wildcard Interrupts ===
[[File:interrupt_wildcards.png|thumb|left|300px|The four wildcard signals: Item, Fuel, Fluid, & Signal.]]
Within interrupts, trains have access to four special "wildcard" signals located within the Unsorted tab, which are special [[Circuit network#Logic signals|logic signals]] that can only be used within interrupts. Wildcard signals come in four types: item, fuel, fluid, and signal. When used as a condition to trigger an interrupt, each one looks at a specific inventory within the train and will replace itself with the signal of the first item it finds. For example, if an interrupt is set to trigger if an item parameter is over 50, and 51 [[iron gear wheel]]s are placed into a cargo wagon, the interrupt will trigger as if the condition was looking for over 50 iron gears. Item, fluid, and fuel wildcards each look at a specific inventory: [[cargo wagon|cargo]] and [[artillery wagon]]s, [[fluid wagon]]s, and [[locomotive]]s, respectively.

When used solely as a condition, wildcards act otherwise identically to the [[circuit network#Anything|anything]] logic signal. What makes them special is their function when used in both the condition and the target.

Wildcards will also replace themselves with any [[rich text]] icons within the names of [[train stop]]s. Instead of selecting a target stop from the list, instead click on the "icon" button next to the green confirm button and select the same type of wildcard as used in the condition. Then, type the name of the station. If the stop has a matching icon in its name, then the train will match the item it contains with that icon, and select that stop as the destination.

The final wildcard, Signal parameter, checks against any signals passed to the train while parked at a train stop. When combined with a signal parameter for a target station, this can make the train go to a stop which has an icon in its name matching the signal it received from the station. When combined with matching the target station based on its contents, this can be utilized to create a generic train system which can select its destination based on the item it receives.

=== Troubleshooting ===

Below are some things to verify if a rail system or train is not working.

* Is the train fueled? Ensure that the locomotive has [[fuel]] of some kind.
* Misplaced or non-functional switches? Ensure that the train can plan a path through the switches.
* Another train on the same [[Railway#Block|block]]? Make sure the path of the train is unobstructed.
* Train stops placed correctly? Make sure that the yellow arrows when hovering on the stop point towards the end or exit of the stop.
* Is the train allowed to enter signals from the right direction? Are the signals set correctly?
* If a track is supposed to be two-way, the rail signals should be opposite each other. You can verify they match up by hovering the cursor over one. For a matched pair, it will show the other.

==== No path ====
When trains cannot reach the target, a "no path" symbol pops up over the locomotive. Check:
* Can the train reach its current destination by '''only driving forward'''? Build turning slopes or place a locomotive at both ends of a train!
* Are the train stops standing in the right direction? Train stops must be on the right-hand side of the track (from the forward-facing locomotive's perspective). If the train is traveling south, the stop must be on the west side of the track.
* If you use rail signals, check that the signals are all allowing traffic in the correct direction.
* Check for interruptions in the train tracks, drive to the station manually to check there are no rail parts missing. Especially near junctions, these can be hard to spot if missing.

If you are still having problems, consider:
* Driving the train manually, and as you pass each switch, try switching to automatic. When it works, you will know the rough area of the problem.
[http://imgur.com/a/Nq2Yk A pictorial summary of typical problems].

==== Interrupts ====

When a train is about to leave the last station in an interrupt's schedule, there is no inherent mechanism which prevents the same interrupt from re-triggering. Many interrupt conditions naturally prevent retriggering by the nature of their condition. A wildcard interrupt for unloading cargo cannot trigger if the train has no cargo. Other conditions may retrigger if something in the base has malfunctioned. For example, a refueling interrupt should only trigger when fuel is low. But if the train is at the fuel station, wants to leave, and still has low fuel, then either there is no inserter to load fuel or the refueling station has run out of fuel.

But there can be cases where the conditions for a trigger's desired conditions can still happen after executing the interrupt's schedule.

To force the train to always choose a station with a different name, add "Not at specified station" to the interrupt conditions, specifying the same target station. This way, the train will be forced to pick a different interrupt, or travel to a station in its main schedule.

If the train should travel to a different station of the same name, circuit logic can be used to disable the current station and lower its priority, as well as adding "Station is not full" to the interrupt condition. Note that only disabling the station is not enough to prevent this issue, the train will only choose a different destination with the same name if it has a higher priority. Once there are no other valid stations with the same name (i.e. all of them are disabled, so there is no higher-priority station), the "Station is not full" condition will prevent the train from getting stuck.

== Elevated rails ==
[[File:Elevated intersection example.png|thumb|350px|A simple bridge using elevated rails.]]
{{About/Space age}}
Elevated rails come in a separate mod which can be enabled independently of Space Age. They come as two new buildings: [[rail ramp]] and [[rail support]]. Ramps and supports are the only items in the game able to be built in the oceans of [[Nauvis]]. When playing with Space Age itself, elevated rails become an important part of the game, as they are critical to bridging the oil oceans of [[Fulgora]]{{SA}} and the lava rivers of [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}, as well as easily crossing the vast watery landscape on [[Gleba]]{{SA}}.

Elevated rails can be built using the [[rail planner]]. Pressing {{Keybinding|G}} will switch levels, and attempt to build a ramp up or down, if the player has one in their inventory. While holding {{Keybinding|shift}} and targeting a section of rail on the opposite level, the rail planner will automatically place any ramps and/or supports necessary to reach that destination. A rail support must be placed every 16 straight tiles. Disassembling a support or ramp will automatically disassemble any rails which rely on that support.

Players and [[enemies]] cannot walk on elevated rail. A player can enter and exit the train if it is elevated as normal, and will be teleported to the ground. If the player attempts to exit while over water or lava, nothing will happen. Both types of rail signals can be placed on elevated rail, but not train stops.

Certain buildings are too tall to be placed underneath elevated rails:
* {{IconLink|Big electric pole}}
* {{IconLink|Cargo landing pad}}
* {{IconLink|Oil refinery}}
* {{IconLink|Roboport}}
* {{IconLink|Rocket silo}}
* {{IconLink|Agricultural tower|space-age=yes}}
* {{IconLink|Cargo bay|space-age=yes}}
* {{IconLink|Lightning rod|space-age=yes}}
* {{IconLink|Lightning collector|space-age=yes}}

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|getting-on-track}}
{{Achievement|trans-factorio-express}}
{{Achievement|watch-your-step}}
{{Achievement|getting-on-track-like-a-pro}}

== See also ==
* [[Tutorial:Train signals]]
* [[Railway/Train path finding]]
* [[Locomotive]]
* [[Cargo wagon]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]
* [[Artillery wagon]]

{{C|Logistics{{!}}#Railway}} {{C|Railway{{!}}#Railway}}

Player

2026-02-18T01:47:13Z

Thrawcheld: SA features that affect the player

{{Languages}}{{:Infobox:Player}}
Factorio is played from the angled top down perspective of the ''player''.

The ''physical representation'' (or the '''Engineer''') of the player is the ''character'', who is always at the center of view. In [[multiplayer]], player characters will appear in different colors. Color can be set manually with the <code>/color</code> command, see [[Console#Change_Player_color|Console]]. These colors transfer to any entered [[car]] or [[tank]], depending on which player is driving them. These colors also transfer to [[gun turret]]s, [[laser turret]]s or [[gate]]s, depending on who they were placed by.

The character is '''part of the player''' and represents the physical existence of the player in the game-world. In technical terms: A character is just one property of the [[player]], and it is the only that can be controlled at a time.

The character's maximum [[Damage|health]] is 250 (without energy shields), increased by 50 for each level of the [[Health (research)|Health research]]{{SA}}. The player's health can naturally, slowly regenerate a few seconds after taking damage, at 6 hit points per second. The character's main inventory has 80 slots (without bonuses from [[Power_armor|power armor]], [[Toolbelt_(research)|toolbelt research]], [[toolbelt equipment]]{{SA}}, or [[Logistic_robotics_(research)|logistic trash slots]]). Similar to the stationary radar, the character constantly reveals an area of 5×5 [[Map_structure#Chunk|chunks]], centered on the chunk the character occupies.

== Distinction between player and character ==
[[File:twoplayers.png|thumb|180px|right|Two different color characters in multiplayer.]]
[[File:player_color_select_gui.png|thumb|180px|The player's color customization.]]
[[File:player_logistics_gui.png|thumb|180px|right|The player's logistic options next to the inventory.]]

Technically the player is only the "player-view". The player is unlike the ''character'' (the little person that runs around on the ground). The character is part of the player, but the player is not just the character.

You can for example play in god-mode (such as in the sandbox game mode). In that mode you don't have a character, only a player.

In other words, 'player' is a term that encompasses both the internal code that defines a player, and the entity in game that interacts with machines/rocks/trees, which is the ''character''. While this distinction is important for modding and understanding the game's core, the terms can be used interchangeably for most conversations. For the purpose of this article, "player" will be used.

== World interaction ==
The player has six primary ways of interacting with the world:

# Crafting items personally from resources using the craft menu (Default open key: {{Keybinding|E}})
# Placing entities or [[tile]]s by selecting them from the inventory or quickbar (Default: {{Keybinding|lmb}})
## Opening contextual menus for entities like [[Assembling machine|assembly machines]] or [[chests]], using the same button
## Removing an entity from the world, returning it to your inventory (Default: '''Hold''' {{Keybinding|rmb}})
# Harvesting resources from a resource entity (Default: '''Hold''' RMB)
# Picking up non-placed items from the ground and placing them in your inventory (Default: Hold/press {{Keybinding|F}})
# Firing weapons at [[Military units and structures|enemies]] (Default: Press or hold {{Keybinding|space}} depending on weapon)
# Passively with a flashlight that automatically turns on during the night time (which transfers to headlights if the player is in a vehicle.)

''For more key-bindings, see [[Controls]]''

Note: The player can do that only if their character has the abilities for this. For example: They cannot fire a weapon, if they have no weapon slots.

== Death ==
When a player character is killed it leaves behind a corpse that contains all items that were located in the player's inventory, quickbar, trash slots, and equipment slots. 10 seconds after being killed, the character respawns at the center of the world or at a pre-determined spawn point which can be set via the [[map editor]]. The character corpse sprite changes based on the type of armor.

Mining a corpse will attempt to pick up its inventory, and emptying its inventory will destroy the corpse. If it contains armor, the first armor picked up will be automatically equipped if the player is not already wearing armor. However, beware that the armor is not given priority to pick up. If the corpse has a lot of other stuff in it, simply mining the corpse is likely to pick up only as much as will fit in the player's naked inventory and fail to pick up the armor. To ensure the armor is equipped, first open the corpse's inventory, find the armor and pick it up, then pick up everything else.

== Quickbar and shortcut bar ==
{{Main|Quickbar}}
The quickbar is a user interface component for creating links to items that are always visible at the bottom of the screen. Once created they can be quickly selected at any time without needing to open the inventory. It shows between one and four bars from a set of ten available, each containing 10 slots. Clicking any filled slot will place the chosen item in the player's hand if available in the inventory.

{{Main|Shortcut bar}}
The shortcut bar is a group of icons for accessing regularly used features such as obtaining [[blueprint]]s and [[deconstruction planner]]s with a simple mouse click. It is always visible at the bottom of the screen, appearing to the right of the quickbar. The icons can be hidden, and their order can be changed.

[[File:Quickbar and shortcut bar.png|900px]]

{{Main|Weapons}}
To the left most side of the screen are the player's equipped weapons and armor, along with the types of ammo being used for each weapon. The player can switch between weapons at any time.

[[File:player_weapon_gui.png]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights=120px>
File:All_armor.png|The player character in every type of armor, except for the mech variant.
File:Multicolor_all.png|Different possible colors of players, cars, tanks, gun turrets and laser turrets. (Pre 0.17)
File:Playerflashlight.png|The player character's flashlight during the night.
File:dead_player.png|The player's corpse.
File:mech_armor_hovering_anim.gif|The player in [[mech armor]], hovering over water. (Click for .GIF animation)
File:player_speed_up.png|The player under the effects of a speed boost, given by a consuming a [[jellynut]] or [[jelly]].
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* The character's base speed moves 8.9 tiles per second. Providing that each tile is one meter, the engineer runs 32 km/h, or half the speed of a [[Enemies|behemoth biter]].
* {{SA}} Quality players have higher health, but there is no way to get higher quality players in the game.

== History ==

{{history|2.0.7|
* Character corpses no longer despawn.
}}

{{history|0.18.13|
* The character GUI now has a new look.
** Personal logistics has been moved to a separate tab. Logistic requests and auto trash have been merged into one panel.
** Using quick inventory transfers in the player inventory of the character gui will transfer the items either to weapons and armor slots or to trash slots depending on the selected tab, regardless of item type.
* Personal logistics are now unlocked by a single research. This unlocks personal logistic requests and auto trash (unlimited count), plus 30 character trash slots.
}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Increased player reach from 6 to 10.}}

{{history|0.13.14|
* Surplus items from crafting are again available for crafting other items. For example, crafting two green circuits will no longer result in two extra copper wires in the player's inventory. This only applies to items that are automatically crafted as a prerequisite; items the player has explicitly requested to craft will not be used to satisfy the dependencies of any further orders.}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* Armors have inventory size bonuses (10 for modular armor, 20 for power armor, 30 for power armor mk2).}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* Changed fast inventory transfer from the main player inventory so ctrl+clicking empty slots doesn't move items to the logistic trash slots.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* New muzzle flash graphics.}}

{{history|0.11.4|
* Improved player running animation.}}

{{history|0.11.0|
* New player animation, depends on armor}}

{{history|0.10.9|
* Mining a chest now fails instead of spilling items onto the ground.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Player gets a separate warning icon when a building is destroyed.
* Recipe gui contains recipes not craftable by player (however, their tooltip shows machines where they can be crafted).}}

{{history|0.8.0|
* Player now starts with 1 [[burner mining drill]] and one [[stone furnace]] in the freeplay.
* The player can repair structures using [[repair pack]]s.}}

{{history|0.7.0|
* Player moves slower while shooting.}}

{{history|0.6.0|
* Added the ability for the player to request items directly from logistic robots.}}

{{history|0.5.0|
*Player picks all items in range when picking items on the ground, instead of 1 per tick
* Shooting particles added}}

{{history|0.4.0|
* Player slides around corners}}

{{history|0.2.8|
* Player no longer collides with [[Underground belt]].
* Added auto-targeting for guns.}}

{{history|0.2.1|
* Added warning message when the player tries to build in an invalid position.}}

{{history|0.2.0|
* Screen reddens when taking damage
* Character animations added}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Armor]]
* [[Weapons]]

{{EnvironmentNav}}

Burner inserter

2026-02-18T00:59:38Z

Thrawcheld: /* Fuel consumption */ don't use "here" as link text

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Burner inserter}}

The '''burner inserter''' is the most basic and slowest type of [[inserters]]. It is powered by burning [[fuel]], compared to the more advanced inserters which are powered by [[electric system|electricity]]. It will add fuel to its own supply if it picks any up, which makes it useful for filling [[boiler|boilers]] with [[coal]]. This has the advantage that it will continue working even if the power fails, as opposed to electrically-powered inserters which will be unable to function. It consumes no fuel while idle, though it consumes vastly more energy than most other inserters when active.

Even though it doesn't use electricity, a burner inserter can be connected to and controlled by the [[logistic network|logistic]] and the [[circuit network]].

Burner inserters, like all inserters, do not directly produce any [[pollution]] in their operation. However, burner inserters can still indirectly contribute to pollution by consuming fuel, which costs pollution to gather.

== Fuel consumption ==

A burner inserter consumes no power while idle and does not continuously consume the maximum amount of power when working. Burner Inserters spawn with an internal energy buffer of 500 kJ, represented as 25% the value of a piece of wood fuel (which is 2MJ). Aside from not having drain, all its other power characteristics are identical to the rest of the inserters. It simply pulls its joules from its fuel rather than your power grid. For more detailed information on inserter power characteristics, see the page [[Inserters]].

Burners also have a behavior known as "leeching" where they will pull fuel from their input and commandeer it for their own use. This leeching behavior is not exactly quantified, but it is triggered whenever the internal fuel inventory reaches zero, and performing the action also consumes fuel since motion is never free.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* All inserters now have filter option.
* Energy consumption increased from 94.2 kW to 144 kW.
* Burner inserters now reliably pick up items off of [[fast transport belt]]s and [[express transport belt]]s.}}

{{history|0.13.2|
* Inserters connected to the circuit network now have the option to only read hand contents.}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* Inserters can now send the item held in hand to the circuit network.
* Inserters are able to squeeze things ''slightly'' better to belts.
* All types of inserters can be controlled by the circuit and logistic network, once the respective network is researched.
}}

{{history|0.12.16|
* Improved burner inserter's fuel searching logic; it will now search both transport belt lines for fuel}}

{{history|0.12.11|
* Burner inserter now grabs fuel for itself even if the target doesn't need it}}

{{history|0.12.2|
* Inserters will never take more than the max stack size of an item.
* Inserters and logistic robots no longer extract from enemy chests
* Inserters now correctly pick up items from splitters
}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* Burner inserters start with enough energy to pick up 1 item and fuel themselves.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Inserters can now extract from roboports and beacons.
* Inserters now take items from right behind them, not from the center of the pickup target entity.}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* New icon
* New sounds}}

{{history|0.9.2|
* Inserters can have arbitrary pickup and insert positions.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Inserter code optimisation, inserters that have nothing to do will sleep.}}

{{history|0.8.0|
* Improved inserter's ability to pull from train wagons.}}

{{history|0.7.1|
* Fast inserter now has the same speed as the smart inserter.}}

{{history|0.5.0|
* Inserter can now pick up up to 5 items when researched.}}

{{history|0.4.0|
* Smaller inserter bounding box}}

{{history|0.3.0|
* New Inserter graphics}}

{{history|0.2.1|
* The item in the hand of the inserter is returned to the player when mined.}}

{{history|0.2.0|
* Show direction of inserter}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Inserters]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Inserters}}

Infobox:Advanced oil processing (research)

2026-02-14T20:10:41Z

Thrawcheld: does not enable coal liquefaction tech in Space Age

{{Infobox
|changed-by-space-age-mod = yes
|prototype-type = technology
|internal-name = advanced-oil-processing
|allows = Coal liquefaction + Lubricant + Rocket fuel
|space-age-allows = Lubricant + Rocket fuel
| category = Technology
|cost = Time, 30 + Automation science pack, 1 + Logistic science pack, 1 + Chemical science pack, 1
| cost-multiplier = 75
|required-technologies = Chemical science pack
|effects = Advanced oil processing + Heavy oil cracking + Light oil cracking + Solid fuel from heavy oil + Solid fuel from light oil
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Infobox page]]
</noinclude>

Oil processing

2026-02-14T11:43:34Z

Thrawcheld: /* Optimal Ratios */ capitalisation

{{Languages}}
'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.

== Overview ==
There are various recipes that can be used to process [[crude oil]] into its fractions. Its fraction ([[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Made in !! Required technology !! Internal name
|-
| {{Icon|Basic oil processing||}} Basic oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|45}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Oil processing (research)|}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || basic-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Advanced oil processing||}} Advanced oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} + {{icon|water|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{Icon|Light oil|45}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|55}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || advanced-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Heavy oil cracking||}} Heavy oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|40}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Light oil|30}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}{{Icon|Biochamber||space-age=yes}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || heavy-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Light oil cracking||}} Light oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}{{Icon|Biochamber||space-age=yes}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || light-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Simple coal liquefaction||space-age=yes}} Simple coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{icon|Calcite|2|space-age=yes}} + {{icon|Sulfuric acid|25}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|50}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|calcite processing (research)}} [[Calcite processing (research)|Calcite processing]] || simple-coal-liquefaction
|-
|| {{Icon|Coal liquefaction||}} Coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{icon|steam|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|90}} + {{Icon|Light oil|20}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|10}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|coal liquefaction|}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || coal-liquefaction
|}

== Setting up oil processing ==
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.

Crude oil must be refined in an [[oil refinery]]. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated or flipped ({{key|v}} or {{key|h}} key by default).

Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: [[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a [[storage tank]]. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).

=== Tips ===
* The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the [[Tutorial:Circuit network cookbook#Oil_Setups|circuit-network cookbook]].
* [[Solid fuel]] is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.

=== Coal Liquefaction ===
Once coal liquefaction is researched, the player can manufacture oil products anywhere without a need for crude oil: the player can set up an oil refinery to utilize coal liquefaction and use an [[assembling machine]] and [[barrel]]s to manually insert a small amount of heavy oil into the system to initiate production. As long as the heavy oil output is routed back into the refinery before being sent anywhere else, the refinery will be self-sustaining in terms of heavy oil, only requiring steam and coal to run. To prevent fluid back-up, the player will need to ensure all output fluids are being consumed or stored somehow.

While a single refinery using this set-up this will not produce a large amount of oil products overall, the fact it does not require crude oil to run means it can be placed anywhere the player needs a small, steady supply of oil products, saving the need to transport oil over large distances by pipes or trains. Such uses include:

* A refueling outpost that produces [[solid fuel]] and/or [[rocket fuel]].
* A defensive outpost that uses oil to fuel [[flamethrower turret]]s.
* With a supply of [[iron ore]], this set-up can produce [[sulfuric acid]], allowing the mining of [[uranium ore]].
* A supply of iron ore also allows the manufacture of ammunition: [[cluster grenade]]s, [[land mine]]s, and [[cannon shell]]s.
* With a supply of both iron ore and [[copper ore]], [[rocket]]s and [[artillery shell]]s can be manufactured, as well as all [[capsules]].

More broadly, a sufficiently large network of refineries utilizing coal liquefaction could produce enough oil products to run the player's factory without a need for crude oil anymore, allowing much more flexibility in the layout and placement of facilities that require oil products to function. The downside of relying entirely on coal liquefaction are an overall slightly lower output of oil products compared to advanced oil processing, a need for more chemical plants to crack the large amounts of heavy oil produced, and the system will shut down entirely if its supply of coal or steam runs out.

=== Simple coal liquefaction {{SA}} ===
[[Space Age]] introduces a second liquefaction recipe: simple coal liquefaction. This process uses coal, [[calcite]]{{SA}}, and [[sulfuric acid]], generating only [[heavy oil]]. Through cracking, it can be used to make other oil products. On [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}, it is useful when starting out as the standard coal liquefaction recipe must be researched. It can also be used to bootstrap standard liquefaction, providing the initial heavy oil.

Outside of its initial uses on Vulcanus, it does have two potential advantages. [[Steam]] is much harder to get on [[Space platform]]s{{SA}} than sulfuric acid or calcite. The only way to make steam on a platform is with a [[nuclear reactor]], which requires fuel from [[Nauvis]]. By contrast, sulfuric acid, coal, and calcite can all be manufactured or mined from asteroids.

The other advantage is that the recipe produces heavy oil without any of the other oil processing byproducts. This allows the player to use this purely as a way to generate [[lubricant]] for those recipes which need it. Other oil processing setups can then always crack heavy oil to light oil.

Note also that going to Vulcanus is not ''strictly'' required. [[Calcite processing (research)]] does not require ''mining'' calcite from a calcite ore patch; you merely need to acquire calcite. This can be done using [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]] that is made available on [[Gleba]]. One still must research [[Planet discovery Vulcanus (research)]], but once done, acquiring calcite via [[advanced oxide asteroid crushing]] is enough to trigger the calcite processing technology.

=== Transporting fluids ===
There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:

* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* Loading the fluids into [[barrel]]s and transporting them by [[railway]], [[transport belts]], or the [[logistic network]]

== Optimal ratios ==
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.

=== Petroleum gas production ===

For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.

One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).

The refining can be sped up with [[module]]s; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using [[productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="5" |Petroleum production output with modules
|-
!colspan="1" style="width: 230px; text-align: left;" |Module configuration
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |None
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 1 (*)
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 2
!colspan="1" |Units
|-
!colspan="5"|Oil refinery
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crude oil consumption
| 100 || 100 || 100 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 50 || 50 || 50 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 5 || 5 || 5 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil output
| 25 || 25 || 25 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 45 || 45 || 45 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 55 || 55 || 55 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 855% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Crude oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 171 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 10 || 45.5 || 85.5 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil output
| 5 || 29.575 || 55.575 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 9 || 53.235 || 100.035 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 11 || 65.065 || 122.265 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Heavy oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil consumption
| 40 || 40 || 40 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 131 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 15 || 88.725 || 127.725 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Light oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 20 || 20 || 20 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 10 || 59.15 || 85.15 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Ratio
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil cracking
| 0.25 || 0.325 || 0.424 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil cracking
| 0.85 || 1.2025 || 1.57 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum gas output
| 19.5 || 136.193 || 255.923 || per second
|-
|colspan="5" style="width: 600px; text-align: left;" | '''* Notes to table:''' ''Config 1'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. ''Config 2'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.
|}

For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.

== History ==
{{history|0.17.60|
* Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.}}

{{history|0.15.10|
* Coal liquefaction now takes steam instead of water.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.}}

{{history|0.9.1|
* Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced
**Basic oil processing
**Advanced oil processing}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Barrel]]

{{C|Main}}

Pump

2026-02-09T02:26:00Z

Thrawcheld: /* Moving fluids over long distances */ "don't stack" is too vague – throughput from pumps in parallel does stack

{{languages}}
{{:Infobox:Pump}}
{{About|the pump|the water extraction device|offshore pump|the oil extraction device|pumpjack}}
== Overview ==
A '''pump''' is a multipurpose fluid handling device which can be used to move fluids over long distances, perform flow control, prevent back-flow and load/unload trains. The pump can be seen as the [[inserter]] for fluids.

When connected to pipes on both ends of the pump and powered, the pump will transfer fluid from the source side to the output side if it will fit. This will occur even if the input side has significantly lower fluid levels.

Furthermore, unlike normal pipes, pumps can connect to pipes only on the front and back of the pump instead of connecting to pipes from all sides. This can be useful for having tightly packed lines of pipes being parallel to each other, without the risk of fluids mixing, acting as a "diode" pipe.

[[File:packed_pump_entities.png|thumb|400px|none|Parallel pumps preventing side connections.]]

== Throughput ==

Pumps can move up to 20 units of fluid per tick, or 1200 per second. Whether this throughput is actually achieved depends on the fluid level of the fluid segments upstream and downstream of the pump. If the level of the source segment is below 20%, 1200 units can no longer be achieved. The same applies if the level of the output segment is above 80%. Comprehensive information on the general behavior of fluids can be found on the page [[fluid system]].

== Loading/unloading fluid wagons ==

Pumps can load and unload [[fluid wagon|fluid wagons]] at [[Train stop|train stops]]. When a pump is placed with one end facing a rail track and the other end connected to a pipe, it will visually change. When a fluid wagon is stopped adjacent, the pump head will connect to the top of the nearest tank and begin transferring fluids. It will not connect if a circuit condition is preventing it, or it is unpowered.
[[File:Fluid wagon load.gif|frame|none|Pump transferring fluids to a fluid wagon.]]

== Use as a valve ==

The pump works as a controllable valve:
* When powered, the pump will let fluids through, but only in its set direction.
* If unpowered, the pump doesn't let anything through.
* If the pump is powered but has a circuit condition, it will only let fluids through when the condition is met.
** This can be used to control some parts of the factory. For example, with a single wire from a [[lubricant]] tank to a pump pumping [[heavy oil]], [[heavy oil cracking]] can be disabled when lubricant is needed.

== Moving fluids over long distances ==

When a fluid is created, it can travel up to 320 tiles from its existing location until it needs a pump. Pumps reset this value, allowing fluids to travel for another 320 tiles until another one is needed. If a pipe has been overextended, a warning will show on the map. Multiple pumps in series don't add their extensions together; only the last in the chain has any effect. However, multiple pumps in parallel can increase throughput beyond what a single pump can achieve.

== Animations and visuals ==

[[File:pipe network animation.gif]]

{{clear}}
== History ==
{{History|2.0.7|
* Lowered fluid pumping speed from 12000 to 1200.
* Fluid dynamics changed
* The pump now has an optional fluid filter [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-405 (Described in FFF-405)]
}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Graphics changed, now has a nice animation
* Size changed to 2×1 tiles
* Recipe changed, now requires [[engine unit]]s rather than [[electric engine unit]]s.
* Throughput massively increased.
* Renamed from '''Small Pump''' to '''Pump'''}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* Copy pasting settings now works for small pumps.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Now connectible to the [[circuit network]].}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* Changed collision box logic}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Pipe]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Energy and fluid distribution}}

Pump

2026-02-09T02:17:43Z

Thrawcheld: /* Overview */ capitalisation

{{languages}}
{{:Infobox:Pump}}
{{About|the pump|the water extraction device|offshore pump|the oil extraction device|pumpjack}}
== Overview ==
A '''pump''' is a multipurpose fluid handling device which can be used to move fluids over long distances, perform flow control, prevent back-flow and load/unload trains. The pump can be seen as the [[inserter]] for fluids.

When connected to pipes on both ends of the pump and powered, the pump will transfer fluid from the source side to the output side if it will fit. This will occur even if the input side has significantly lower fluid levels.

Furthermore, unlike normal pipes, pumps can connect to pipes only on the front and back of the pump instead of connecting to pipes from all sides. This can be useful for having tightly packed lines of pipes being parallel to each other, without the risk of fluids mixing, acting as a "diode" pipe.

[[File:packed_pump_entities.png|thumb|400px|none|Parallel pumps preventing side connections.]]

== Throughput ==

Pumps can move up to 20 units of fluid per tick, or 1200 per second. Whether this throughput is actually achieved depends on the fluid level of the fluid segments upstream and downstream of the pump. If the level of the source segment is below 20%, 1200 units can no longer be achieved. The same applies if the level of the output segment is above 80%. Comprehensive information on the general behavior of fluids can be found on the page [[fluid system]].

== Loading/unloading fluid wagons ==

Pumps can load and unload [[fluid wagon|fluid wagons]] at [[Train stop|train stops]]. When a pump is placed with one end facing a rail track and the other end connected to a pipe, it will visually change. When a fluid wagon is stopped adjacent, the pump head will connect to the top of the nearest tank and begin transferring fluids. It will not connect if a circuit condition is preventing it, or it is unpowered.
[[File:Fluid wagon load.gif|frame|none|Pump transferring fluids to a fluid wagon.]]

== Use as a valve ==

The pump works as a controllable valve:
* When powered, the pump will let fluids through, but only in its set direction.
* If unpowered, the pump doesn't let anything through.
* If the pump is powered but has a circuit condition, it will only let fluids through when the condition is met.
** This can be used to control some parts of the factory. For example, with a single wire from a [[lubricant]] tank to a pump pumping [[heavy oil]], [[heavy oil cracking]] can be disabled when lubricant is needed.

== Moving fluids over long distances ==

When a fluid is created, it can travel up to 320 tiles from its existing location until it needs a pump. Pumps reset this value, allowing fluids to travel for another 320 tiles until another one is needed. If a pipe has been overextended, a warning will show on the map. Multiple pump effects don't stack.

== Animations and visuals ==

[[File:pipe network animation.gif]]

{{clear}}
== History ==
{{History|2.0.7|
* Lowered fluid pumping speed from 12000 to 1200.
* Fluid dynamics changed
* The pump now has an optional fluid filter [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-405 (Described in FFF-405)]
}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Graphics changed, now has a nice animation
* Size changed to 2×1 tiles
* Recipe changed, now requires [[engine unit]]s rather than [[electric engine unit]]s.
* Throughput massively increased.
* Renamed from '''Small Pump''' to '''Pump'''}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* Copy pasting settings now works for small pumps.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Now connectible to the [[circuit network]].}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* Changed collision box logic}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Pipe]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Energy and fluid distribution}}

Pump

2026-02-09T02:13:30Z

Thrawcheld: /* Use as a valve */ don't use a colon for indentation; eliminate "the player"

{{languages}}
{{:Infobox:Pump}}
{{About|the pump|the water extraction device|offshore pump|the oil extraction device|pumpjack}}
== Overview ==
A '''Pump''' is a multipurpose fluid handling device which can be used to move fluids over long distances, perform flow control, prevent back-flow and load/unload trains. The pump can be seen as the [[inserter]] for fluids.

When connected to pipes on both ends of the pump and powered, the pump will transfer fluid from the source side to the output side if it will fit. This will occur even if the input side has significantly lower fluid levels.

Furthermore, unlike normal pipes, pumps can connect to pipes only on the front and back of the pump instead of connecting to pipes from all sides. This can be useful for having tightly packed lines of pipes being parallel to each other, without the risk of fluids mixing, acting as a "diode" pipe.

[[File:packed_pump_entities.png|thumb|400px|none|Parallel pumps preventing side connections.]]

== Throughput ==

Pumps can move up to 20 units of fluid per tick, or 1200 per second. Whether this throughput is actually achieved depends on the fluid level of the fluid segments upstream and downstream of the pump. If the level of the source segment is below 20%, 1200 units can no longer be achieved. The same applies if the level of the output segment is above 80%. Comprehensive information on the general behavior of fluids can be found on the page [[fluid system]].

== Loading/unloading fluid wagons ==

Pumps can load and unload [[fluid wagon|fluid wagons]] at [[Train stop|train stops]]. When a pump is placed with one end facing a rail track and the other end connected to a pipe, it will visually change. When a fluid wagon is stopped adjacent, the pump head will connect to the top of the nearest tank and begin transferring fluids. It will not connect if a circuit condition is preventing it, or it is unpowered.
[[File:Fluid wagon load.gif|frame|none|Pump transferring fluids to a fluid wagon.]]

== Use as a valve ==

The pump works as a controllable valve:
* When powered, the pump will let fluids through, but only in its set direction.
* If unpowered, the pump doesn't let anything through.
* If the pump is powered but has a circuit condition, it will only let fluids through when the condition is met.
** This can be used to control some parts of the factory. For example, with a single wire from a [[lubricant]] tank to a pump pumping [[heavy oil]], [[heavy oil cracking]] can be disabled when lubricant is needed.

== Moving fluids over long distances ==

When a fluid is created, it can travel up to 320 tiles from its existing location until it needs a pump. Pumps reset this value, allowing fluids to travel for another 320 tiles until another one is needed. If a pipe has been overextended, a warning will show on the map. Multiple pump effects don't stack.

== Animations and visuals ==

[[File:pipe network animation.gif]]

{{clear}}
== History ==
{{History|2.0.7|
* Lowered fluid pumping speed from 12000 to 1200.
* Fluid dynamics changed
* The pump now has an optional fluid filter [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-405 (Described in FFF-405)]
}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Graphics changed, now has a nice animation
* Size changed to 2×1 tiles
* Recipe changed, now requires [[engine unit]]s rather than [[electric engine unit]]s.
* Throughput massively increased.
* Renamed from '''Small Pump''' to '''Pump'''}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* Copy pasting settings now works for small pumps.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Now connectible to the [[circuit network]].}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* Changed collision box logic}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Pipe]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Energy and fluid distribution}}

Heavy oil cracking

2026-02-09T02:12:58Z

Thrawcheld: section was renamed

#REDIRECT [[Oil_processing#Overview]]

Energy and work

2026-02-09T01:03:09Z

Thrawcheld: /* Types of work */ use in game terminology: avatar → character; solar panels IRL have non-trivial efficiency but it's not melted

{{Languages}}
Factorio simulates many aspects of real physics and the quite correct use of energy is one important aspect.

Energy and work are directly dependent.

For another explanation, see the [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=33963 Forum].

== Definitions ==

* '''Energy''' can be thought of as stored work. It is measured in joules (symbol J).
* '''Work''' is the result of converting one type of energy to another. It is also measured in joules. (See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_%28physics%29 Wikipedia article on work].)
* '''Power''' is the rate of work - the amount of work done, or energy produced, over a unit of time. It is measured in watts (symbol W). One watt is equal to one joule divided by one second, i.e. one joule per second.
* '''Efficiency''' is the ratio between ''useful'' work done and the energy expended. It usually expressed as a percentage. Its unit would be joules per joule, but dividing something by the same thing cancels them out, so it is dimensionless.
* '''Waste''' is the difference between energy consumed and useful work done.

If you have a source of power and apply it over some time in order to perform some physical task, you have performed work, using a quantity of energy.

See also [[Units#Work]].

== Types of energy ==
Energy is available as:
* [[Fuel]]. The energy contained in a unit of fuel is described as its ''fuel energy''. Each [[Burner devices|building or vehicle that can be fuelled]] generally consumes fuel at a rate according to its power rating as long as it's working. For example:
** A car's power is 250 kW, meaning it consumes 250 kJ worth of fuel per second while it's accelerating (or driving at maximum speed).
** [[Nuclear reactor]]s consume uranium fuel cells at a rate of 40 MW. Like most other fueled appliances, this is constant as long as it has fuel to consume.
** Conversely, [[boiler]]s consume fuel at a rate according to their ''load'' (rate of steam being carried away), up to a ''maximum'' of their power rating.
* [[Electric system|Electricity]] taken from the electric network. In addition to active power consumption, appliances have a '''drain''', the power they consume even when not working as long as they're connected to the power network. For example:
** An [[assembling machine 1]] has drain 3 kW and power consumption 90 kW. It consumes 3 kJ per second while not working, and 93 kJ per second while working.
* Charge in [[accumulator]]s, [[roboport]]s, flying robots, [[Personal battery|personal batteries]], [[personal roboport]]s, and [[energy shield]]s.

Abstractly, energy also exists as:
* The potential energy of a piece of ore or unit of oil/water on the ground or on/in a belt/pipe, compared to the same piece/unit under the ground/in the sea.
* Kinetic energy in robots, vehicles, items, and fluids, and the player's avatar while moving.
* The energy of weapons, vehicles and fire that they use to do work in the form of damage.
* The additional order (i.e. reduced entropy) in an assembled item compared to its components.
* The food energy of consumables (raw fish, jellynuts{{SA}}, etc.).

== Types of work ==
One can observe work being done in Factorio in numerous ways. Mostly these are abstract and not measured in game in joules. For example:
* The character moving their body and equipment around, mining, building, and crafting, performs work. Unlike in real life, this doesn't require any energy (i.e. the character doesn't need to eat); its efficiency is therefore infinite. On the other hand, biters and their spawners apparently absorb pollution and use its energy to move, bite, spit, and reproduce.
* Transport belts and offshore pumps perform work by moving their contents from one place to another. [[Turret]]s perform work by rotating to aim and pulling the trigger. Unrealistically, but as a conscious design decision, none of these require a source of energy, and so their efficiency is also infinite.
* Turrets (and other projectiles) also perform work by converting the chemical energy of a bullet's propellant (despite the magazines not including any in their recipes) to kinetic energy in the ammunition itself, which itself proceeds to do work in the form of damage. [[Laser turret]]s convert electricity into damage rather more directly. [[Flamethrower]]s and [[flamethrower turret]]s convert the chemical energy of oil into damage.
* Vehicles ([[car]]s, [[tank]]s and [[train]]s) convert the chemical energy of fuel into kinetic energy (i.e. motion). When they collide with things, they convert some of this kinetic energy into damage (which is why they then slow down).
* [[Inserters]] and (non-offshore) [[pump]]s perform work by moving items and fluids from one place to another. This requires energy, either in the form of fuel (for a [[burner inserter]]) or electricity (for other types).
* [[Burner mining drill]]s and [[electric mining drill]]s convert energy (in fuel and electricity respectively) into potential energy held by a piece of ore on the ground; [[pumpjack]]s do the same thing to put crude oil and other fluids in a pipe.
* [[Lab]]s perform work by converting science packs and electricity into research (i.e. information).
* Machines that produce items, converting input products into output products ([[Oil refinery|refineries]], [[assembling machine]]s etc.), do work by assembling the components into a more ordered form, as a product. The resulting increase in order is a form of potential energy. Most use electricity to do this; the major exceptions are [[stone furnace]]s and [[steel furnace]]s.

The types of work that ''are'' measured in joules in game are:
* [[Boiler]]s convert the chemical energy of fuel into heat, which it transfers into [[water]] to produce [[steam]].
* [[Nuclear reactor]]s convert the nuclear energy in [[uranium fuel cell]]s into heat. [[Heat exchanger]]s then transfer this heat, conveyed by [[heat pipe]]s, into water, producing steam.
* [[Steam engine]]s and [[steam turbine]]s turn the energy stored in steam into electricity.
* [[Solar panel]]s convert sunlight into electricity. ("Sunlight" isn't an expendible resource and neither the reflectiveness of the panels nor the heating of them by the sun is modelled, so this effectively has infinite efficiency.)

== Waste and pollution: differences from real physics ==
A process with higher efficiency (useful work per unit energy consumed) produces less waste. In real life, ''total'' work done is always equal to energy consumed, but the amount of ''useful'' work done may be (usually is) less, but cannot be more. In other words, a process can't have an efficiency greater than 100%, meaning it would do more work than the energy you put into it. This is known as the principle of conservation of energy. The difference between useful and total work is ''waste'' or ''entropy'', usually in the form of heat; the impossibility of using (all) waste energy to perform work is known as the second law of thermodynamics.

The actual amount of work done by most processes in game is not quantified, but nonetheless they are generally not 100% efficient. This abstract inefficiency is represented by '''[[pollution]]''', produced by almost all machines when they do work (as well as being what happens to the physical matter of fuel when it's consumed). One exception is the electric network. In real life electric cables, transformers etc. hum and get hot, but in Factorio the electric network does not produce pollution.

In Factorio, some things do however have greater than 100% efficiency: transport belts and offshore pumps move stuff without needing to be powered, turrets rotate and shoot without power, and players move around and build things without needing to eat.

{{C|Main}}

Energy and work

2026-02-09T00:46:11Z

Thrawcheld: /* Types of energy */ roboports and a bunch of other armour modules also have charge, edibles also have food energy, and technical correction re damage

{{Languages}}
Factorio simulates many aspects of real physics and the quite correct use of energy is one important aspect.

Energy and work are directly dependent.

For another explanation, see the [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=33963 Forum].

== Definitions ==

* '''Energy''' can be thought of as stored work. It is measured in joules (symbol J).
* '''Work''' is the result of converting one type of energy to another. It is also measured in joules. (See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_%28physics%29 Wikipedia article on work].)
* '''Power''' is the rate of work - the amount of work done, or energy produced, over a unit of time. It is measured in watts (symbol W). One watt is equal to one joule divided by one second, i.e. one joule per second.
* '''Efficiency''' is the ratio between ''useful'' work done and the energy expended. It usually expressed as a percentage. Its unit would be joules per joule, but dividing something by the same thing cancels them out, so it is dimensionless.
* '''Waste''' is the difference between energy consumed and useful work done.

If you have a source of power and apply it over some time in order to perform some physical task, you have performed work, using a quantity of energy.

See also [[Units#Work]].

== Types of energy ==
Energy is available as:
* [[Fuel]]. The energy contained in a unit of fuel is described as its ''fuel energy''. Each [[Burner devices|building or vehicle that can be fuelled]] generally consumes fuel at a rate according to its power rating as long as it's working. For example:
** A car's power is 250 kW, meaning it consumes 250 kJ worth of fuel per second while it's accelerating (or driving at maximum speed).
** [[Nuclear reactor]]s consume uranium fuel cells at a rate of 40 MW. Like most other fueled appliances, this is constant as long as it has fuel to consume.
** Conversely, [[boiler]]s consume fuel at a rate according to their ''load'' (rate of steam being carried away), up to a ''maximum'' of their power rating.
* [[Electric system|Electricity]] taken from the electric network. In addition to active power consumption, appliances have a '''drain''', the power they consume even when not working as long as they're connected to the power network. For example:
** An [[assembling machine 1]] has drain 3 kW and power consumption 90 kW. It consumes 3 kJ per second while not working, and 93 kJ per second while working.
* Charge in [[accumulator]]s, [[roboport]]s, flying robots, [[Personal battery|personal batteries]], [[personal roboport]]s, and [[energy shield]]s.

Abstractly, energy also exists as:
* The potential energy of a piece of ore or unit of oil/water on the ground or on/in a belt/pipe, compared to the same piece/unit under the ground/in the sea.
* Kinetic energy in robots, vehicles, items, and fluids, and the player's avatar while moving.
* The energy of weapons, vehicles and fire that they use to do work in the form of damage.
* The additional order (i.e. reduced entropy) in an assembled item compared to its components.
* The food energy of consumables (raw fish, jellynuts{{SA}}, etc.).

== Types of work ==
One can observe work being done in Factorio in numerous ways. Mostly these are abstract and not measured in game in joules. For example:
* The player avatar moving their body and equipment around, mining, building, and crafting, performs work. Unlike in real life, this doesn't require any energy (i.e. your avatar doesn't need to eat); its efficiency is therefore infinite. On the other hand, biters and their spawners apparently absorb pollution and use its energy to move, bite, spit, and reproduce.
* Transport belts and offshore pumps perform work by moving their contents from one place to another. [[Turret]]s perform work by rotating to aim and pulling the trigger. Unrealistically, but as a conscious design decision, none of these require a source of energy, and so their efficiency is also infinite.
* Turrets (and other projectiles) also perform work by converting the chemical energy of a bullet's propellant to kinetic energy in the bullet itself, which itself proceeds to do work in the form of damage. [[Laser turret]]s convert electricity into damage rather more directly. [[Flamethrower]]s and [[flamethrower turret]]s convert the chemical energy of oil into damage.
* Vehicles ([[car]]s, [[tank]]s and [[train]]s) convert the chemical energy of fuel into kinetic energy (i.e. motion). When they collide with things, they convert some of this kinetic energy into damage (which is why they then slow down).
* [[Inserters]] and (non-offshore) [[pump]]s perform work by moving items and fluids from one place to another. This requires energy, either in the form of fuel (for a [[burner inserter]]) or electricity (for other types).
* [[Burner mining drill]]s and [[electric mining drill]]s convert energy (in fuel and electricity respectively) into potential energy held by a piece of ore on the ground; [[pumpjack]]s do the same thing to put crude oil in a pipe.
* [[Lab]]s perform work by converting science packs and electricity into research.
* Machines that produce items, converting input products into output products ([[Oil refinery|refineries]], [[assembling machine]]s etc.), do work by assembling the components into a more ordered form, as a product. The resulting increase in order is a form of potential energy. Most use electricity to do this; the major exceptions are [[stone furnace]]s and [[steel furnace]]s.

The types of work that ''are'' measured in joules in game are:
* [[Boiler]]s convert the chemical energy of fuel into heat, which it transfers into [[water]] to produce [[steam]].
* [[Nuclear reactor]]s convert the nuclear energy in [[uranium fuel cell]]s into heat. [[Heat exchanger]]s then transfer this heat, conveyed by [[heat pipe]]s, into water, producing steam.
* [[Steam engine]]s and [[steam turbine]]s turn the energy stored in steam into electricity.
* [[Solar panel]]s convert sunlight into electricity. ("Sunlight" isn't an expendible resource, so this effectively has infinite efficiency.)

== Waste and pollution: differences from real physics ==
A process with higher efficiency (useful work per unit energy consumed) produces less waste. In real life, ''total'' work done is always equal to energy consumed, but the amount of ''useful'' work done may be (usually is) less, but cannot be more. In other words, a process can't have an efficiency greater than 100%, meaning it would do more work than the energy you put into it. This is known as the principle of conservation of energy. The difference between useful and total work is ''waste'' or ''entropy'', usually in the form of heat; the impossibility of using (all) waste energy to perform work is known as the second law of thermodynamics.

The actual amount of work done by most processes in game is not quantified, but nonetheless they are generally not 100% efficient. This abstract inefficiency is represented by '''[[pollution]]''', produced by almost all machines when they do work (as well as being what happens to the physical matter of fuel when it's consumed). One exception is the electric network. In real life electric cables, transformers etc. hum and get hot, but in Factorio the electric network does not produce pollution.

In Factorio, some things do however have greater than 100% efficiency: transport belts and offshore pumps move stuff without needing to be powered, turrets rotate and shoot without power, and players move around and build things without needing to eat.

{{C|Main}}

Units

2026-02-09T00:24:30Z

Thrawcheld: /* Trains */ (gah!) last edit summary should have said: this is pseudocode rather than Lua, moreover specifying etc.

{{Languages}}
'''Units''' - by definition - are definite, representational quantities of measurement for different systems. Units can represent the measuring of electricity, amount of items, the time taken/required to perform a task or even the amount of stacks of items with differing amounts within said stacks.

Not all in-game units are simulated with full realism.

== Numerical abbreviations ==
Each unit in the game can be abbreviated with the following:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Abbreviation !! Value !! Numeral !! SI Prefix
|-
| k || 10^3 || thousand || kilo
|-
| M || 10^6 || million || Mega
|-
| G || 10^9 || billion || Giga
|-
| T || 10^12 || trillion || Tera
|-
| P || 10^15 || quadrillion || Peta
|-
| E || 10^18 || quintillion || Exa
|-
| Z || 10^21 || sextillion || Zetta
|-
| Y || 10^24 || septillion || Yotta
|-
| R || 10^27 || octillion || Ronna
|-
| Q || 10^30 || nonillion || Quetta
|-
|}

For example, instead of using 1000 J is equal to 1kJ.

== Power ==
Power is defined as work being done per unit of time.

=== Watt (W) ===
The basic unit of power is 1 watt (W), which is defined as '''1 W = 1 J/s ''', ie. one Joule of work being done every second.

The game commonly deals with larger units, namely kilowatts (kW) and megawatts (MW).

[[Lamp|Lamps]] use 5 kW while turned on. A [[Radar]] uses 300 kW while active - equivalent to 60 lamps.
One [[Steam engine]] is capable of outputting 900 kW.

== Work ==

Work is defined as a transfer of energy, or as energy being "spent".

=== Joule (J) ===
The basic unit of work is 1 joule (J), and is equivalent to the work done (total energy transferred) by one watt applied for one second: '''1 J = 1 W s'''.

In game, [[fuel]] is really just potential energy, which, when applied, does work. For example, every piece of [[coal]] burned will produce 4 MJ. One [[accumulator]] is capable of storing 5 MJ.

In the real world, kilowatt hours is a much more common unit for the long term energy usage of electrical systems, but it is ''not'' an [[:WIKIPEDIA:International_System_of_Units#Derived_units|SI derived unit]] so it is not used by the game.

== [[Time]] ==

=== Tick (1/60 s) ===
A 1/60 second in game. This is the shortest time fraction the game handles.

=== Second (s) ===
One second in-game. This is not guaranteed to correspond to one real second. For example, slow computers may not manage to calculate an entire tick during the corresponding real time frame of 1/60th of a second.

=== Day ===

On [[Nauvis]], a day is 25200 in-game ticks or 420 in-game seconds (= 7 in-game minutes) long. This determines the day/night cycle which is important for visibility and [[Solar panel|solar power]].

On other surfaces{{SA}} the "day" is different lengths:
* [[Vulcanus]]: 1.5 minutes (90 seconds, 5,400 ticks)
* [[Fulgora]]: 3 minutes (180 seconds, 10,800 ticks)
* [[Gleba]]: 10 minutes (600 seconds, 36,000 ticks)
* [[Aquilo]]: 20 minutes (1200 seconds, 72,000 ticks)
* [[Space platform]]s have no night and are always illuminated.

== [[Map structure|Distance / Space]] ==

=== Tile ===
The tile is both used as a unit of distance/length and a unit of area. For example, the size of an object may be expressed as "2×2 tiles", which means the object covers an area of 4 square tiles or tiles². The unit of square tiles is often simplified into tiles. It can be assumed, that a tile has the length of 1 meter.

=== Chunk ===
A chunk is a quadratic area where one side is 32 tiles long. (1024 square tiles). A grid of tiles and chunks in can be viewed in the [[debug mode]] by pressing {{keybinding|F5}}.

=== Kilometers ===
A kilometer is 1000 meters, it is used to measure distance traveled in a [[space platform]].

== Force ==

=== Newtons (N) ===
Newtons measure the amount of forceful thrust of a space platform being moved by [[thruster]]s. This can be increased by adding more thrusters. More force can add damage to [[asteroids]] colliding with a platform, but the asteroids will, in turn, damage the platform as well.

== Mass / Weight ==

=== Tons (t) ===
A single ton is 1000 kilograms. The only time mass is measured in ''Factorio'' is calculating the sum of all parts that make up a space platform. The more components added and the bigger the platform's size, the more mass it will accumulate. The larger the mass of a platform, the harder it is for thrusters to move it to its destination.

== Logistics ==

=== Throughput ===

Items per time, or fluid-units per time. A unit measurement is

items / game-minute

==== Belts ====

Throughput = speed × density

For comparison: A [[transport belt]] transports normally about 900 items per in-game minute. A [[fast transport belt]] up to 1800 items/min and [[express transport belt]] nearly 2700 items / min.
See [[Transport belts/Physics|physics of transport belts]] for more information.

==== Logistic robots ====

Throughput depends on the distance, the number of robots and their item-stacksize. Let's assume a robot can travel 1 tile per second and can transport only one item at once. It needs also to return. Then this robot can transport ½ item per second. If you use 2 you can transport 1 item per second. If you double the distance, we are again at ½ item per second.

==== Trains ====
Items per train is the sum of all wagons' capacity (40 stacks for [[cargo wagon]], 50000 fluid for [[fluid wagon]] & 100 shells for [[artillery wagon]])

Top speed (later referred to as S) and acceleration (later referred to as A) depend on fuel type and train weight, for a coal-powered single locomotive without wagons they are 72 tiles/s and 9.26 tiles/s/s.

After some threshold the top speed starts decreasing linearly as train mass increases; acceleration is proportional to amount of locomotives pointing towards the travel direction and inversely proportional to train mass; deceleration is proportional to amount of wagons + amount of locomotives, inversely proportional to train mass, and affected by [[braking force (research)]] (train mass is the sum of all wagon and locomotive masses; see detailed info on wagon masses on [[locomotive]], [[cargo wagon]], [[fluid wagon]], and [[artillery wagon]] pages).

Warning: The following calculations assume deceleration = acceleration and do not account for red lights.

Travel time is <syntaxhighlight>(2S / A) + (distance - 4 * S^2 / A) / S</syntaxhighlight> if the stations are far enough for the train to achieve full speed. If they are closer than that, the time is <syntaxhighlight>2 * sqrt(distance / A)</syntaxhighlight>

Since a train has to make a trip back to load, the total throughput is <syntaxhighlight>items per train / (2 * travel time)</syntaxhighlight>

=== Capacity ===
Basically items per transport unit. This depends in many cases on the item type you use. A [[cargo wagon]] has a capacity of 40 stacks. Stack size depends on the item type so this means that it can hold 2000 items for ore, or 4000 for steel or copper plates.

=== Density ===
Measured in items per tile.

An item, that lays on ground has the size of 0.28 tiles2. On one tile we can place 12.752041 items, which means, that we can put in the best case 12 items on one tile.

==== Belts ====

For belts this is the same: We have two lanes on a belt, 4 items per lane or 8 item on one belt.

On belts there comes also another thing into play: '''Compression.''' Good compression is, when you fill a belt so, that you come to the maximum density and so to the maximum '''throughput'''.
See also [[Transport belts/Physics|physics of transport belts]] for more information.

=== Stacks/chests ===
On the first glance, it is simple: A chest has the size of one tile. You have X number of stack in a chest, where you can put Y numbers of items into each, so the density is simply X × Y.

The thing changes, if you use mods, that add chest-like transport boxes, which enables to pack/box items.

{{C|Main}}

Units

2026-02-09T00:23:10Z

Thrawcheld: /* Trains */ this is possible specifying it for syntaxhighlight results in very poor contrast making the formula unreadable

{{Languages}}
'''Units''' - by definition - are definite, representational quantities of measurement for different systems. Units can represent the measuring of electricity, amount of items, the time taken/required to perform a task or even the amount of stacks of items with differing amounts within said stacks.

Not all in-game units are simulated with full realism.

== Numerical abbreviations ==
Each unit in the game can be abbreviated with the following:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Abbreviation !! Value !! Numeral !! SI Prefix
|-
| k || 10^3 || thousand || kilo
|-
| M || 10^6 || million || Mega
|-
| G || 10^9 || billion || Giga
|-
| T || 10^12 || trillion || Tera
|-
| P || 10^15 || quadrillion || Peta
|-
| E || 10^18 || quintillion || Exa
|-
| Z || 10^21 || sextillion || Zetta
|-
| Y || 10^24 || septillion || Yotta
|-
| R || 10^27 || octillion || Ronna
|-
| Q || 10^30 || nonillion || Quetta
|-
|}

For example, instead of using 1000 J is equal to 1kJ.

== Power ==
Power is defined as work being done per unit of time.

=== Watt (W) ===
The basic unit of power is 1 watt (W), which is defined as '''1 W = 1 J/s ''', ie. one Joule of work being done every second.

The game commonly deals with larger units, namely kilowatts (kW) and megawatts (MW).

[[Lamp|Lamps]] use 5 kW while turned on. A [[Radar]] uses 300 kW while active - equivalent to 60 lamps.
One [[Steam engine]] is capable of outputting 900 kW.

== Work ==

Work is defined as a transfer of energy, or as energy being "spent".

=== Joule (J) ===
The basic unit of work is 1 joule (J), and is equivalent to the work done (total energy transferred) by one watt applied for one second: '''1 J = 1 W s'''.

In game, [[fuel]] is really just potential energy, which, when applied, does work. For example, every piece of [[coal]] burned will produce 4 MJ. One [[accumulator]] is capable of storing 5 MJ.

In the real world, kilowatt hours is a much more common unit for the long term energy usage of electrical systems, but it is ''not'' an [[:WIKIPEDIA:International_System_of_Units#Derived_units|SI derived unit]] so it is not used by the game.

== [[Time]] ==

=== Tick (1/60 s) ===
A 1/60 second in game. This is the shortest time fraction the game handles.

=== Second (s) ===
One second in-game. This is not guaranteed to correspond to one real second. For example, slow computers may not manage to calculate an entire tick during the corresponding real time frame of 1/60th of a second.

=== Day ===

On [[Nauvis]], a day is 25200 in-game ticks or 420 in-game seconds (= 7 in-game minutes) long. This determines the day/night cycle which is important for visibility and [[Solar panel|solar power]].

On other surfaces{{SA}} the "day" is different lengths:
* [[Vulcanus]]: 1.5 minutes (90 seconds, 5,400 ticks)
* [[Fulgora]]: 3 minutes (180 seconds, 10,800 ticks)
* [[Gleba]]: 10 minutes (600 seconds, 36,000 ticks)
* [[Aquilo]]: 20 minutes (1200 seconds, 72,000 ticks)
* [[Space platform]]s have no night and are always illuminated.

== [[Map structure|Distance / Space]] ==

=== Tile ===
The tile is both used as a unit of distance/length and a unit of area. For example, the size of an object may be expressed as "2×2 tiles", which means the object covers an area of 4 square tiles or tiles². The unit of square tiles is often simplified into tiles. It can be assumed, that a tile has the length of 1 meter.

=== Chunk ===
A chunk is a quadratic area where one side is 32 tiles long. (1024 square tiles). A grid of tiles and chunks in can be viewed in the [[debug mode]] by pressing {{keybinding|F5}}.

=== Kilometers ===
A kilometer is 1000 meters, it is used to measure distance traveled in a [[space platform]].

== Force ==

=== Newtons (N) ===
Newtons measure the amount of forceful thrust of a space platform being moved by [[thruster]]s. This can be increased by adding more thrusters. More force can add damage to [[asteroids]] colliding with a platform, but the asteroids will, in turn, damage the platform as well.

== Mass / Weight ==

=== Tons (t) ===
A single ton is 1000 kilograms. The only time mass is measured in ''Factorio'' is calculating the sum of all parts that make up a space platform. The more components added and the bigger the platform's size, the more mass it will accumulate. The larger the mass of a platform, the harder it is for thrusters to move it to its destination.

== Logistics ==

=== Throughput ===

Items per time, or fluid-units per time. A unit measurement is

items / game-minute

==== Belts ====

Throughput = speed × density

For comparison: A [[transport belt]] transports normally about 900 items per in-game minute. A [[fast transport belt]] up to 1800 items/min and [[express transport belt]] nearly 2700 items / min.
See [[Transport belts/Physics|physics of transport belts]] for more information.

==== Logistic robots ====

Throughput depends on the distance, the number of robots and their item-stacksize. Let's assume a robot can travel 1 tile per second and can transport only one item at once. It needs also to return. Then this robot can transport ½ item per second. If you use 2 you can transport 1 item per second. If you double the distance, we are again at ½ item per second.

==== Trains ====

Items per train is the sum of all wagons' capacity (40 stacks for [[cargo wagon]], 50000 fluid for [[fluid wagon]] & 100 shells for [[artillery wagon]])

Top speed (later referred to as S) and acceleration (later referred to as A) depend on fuel type and train weight, for a coal-powered single locomotive without wagons they are 72 tiles/s and 9.26 tiles/s/s.

After some threshold the top speed starts decreasing linearly as train mass increases; acceleration is proportional to amount of locomotives pointing towards the travel direction and inversely proportional to train mass; deceleration is proportional to amount of wagons + amount of locomotives, inversely proportional to train mass, and affected by [[braking force (research)]] (train mass is the sum of all wagon and locomotive masses; see detailed info on wagon masses on [[locomotive]], [[cargo wagon]], [[fluid wagon]], and [[artillery wagon]] pages).

Warning: The following calculations assume deceleration = acceleration and do not account for red lights.

Travel time is <syntaxhighlight>(2S / A) + (distance - 4 * S^2 / A) / S</syntaxhighlight> if the stations are far enough for the train to achieve full speed. If they are closer than that, the time is <syntaxhighlight>2 * sqrt(distance / A)</syntaxhighlight>

Since a train has to make a trip back to load, the total throughput is <syntaxhighlight>items per train / (2 * travel time)</syntaxhighlight>

=== Capacity ===
Basically items per transport unit. This depends in many cases on the item type you use. A [[cargo wagon]] has a capacity of 40 stacks. Stack size depends on the item type so this means that it can hold 2000 items for ore, or 4000 for steel or copper plates.

=== Density ===
Measured in items per tile.

An item, that lays on ground has the size of 0.28 tiles2. On one tile we can place 12.752041 items, which means, that we can put in the best case 12 items on one tile.

==== Belts ====

For belts this is the same: We have two lanes on a belt, 4 items per lane or 8 item on one belt.

On belts there comes also another thing into play: '''Compression.''' Good compression is, when you fill a belt so, that you come to the maximum density and so to the maximum '''throughput'''.
See also [[Transport belts/Physics|physics of transport belts]] for more information.

=== Stacks/chests ===
On the first glance, it is simple: A chest has the size of one tile. You have X number of stack in a chest, where you can put Y numbers of items into each, so the density is simply X × Y.

The thing changes, if you use mods, that add chest-like transport boxes, which enables to pack/box items.

{{C|Main}}

Units

2026-02-09T00:16:19Z

Thrawcheld: /* Day */ length of day on other planets

{{Languages}}
'''Units''' - by definition - are definite, representational quantities of measurement for different systems. Units can represent the measuring of electricity, amount of items, the time taken/required to perform a task or even the amount of stacks of items with differing amounts within said stacks.

Not all in-game units are simulated with full realism.

== Numerical abbreviations ==
Each unit in the game can be abbreviated with the following:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Abbreviation !! Value !! Numeral !! SI Prefix
|-
| k || 10^3 || thousand || kilo
|-
| M || 10^6 || million || Mega
|-
| G || 10^9 || billion || Giga
|-
| T || 10^12 || trillion || Tera
|-
| P || 10^15 || quadrillion || Peta
|-
| E || 10^18 || quintillion || Exa
|-
| Z || 10^21 || sextillion || Zetta
|-
| Y || 10^24 || septillion || Yotta
|-
| R || 10^27 || octillion || Ronna
|-
| Q || 10^30 || nonillion || Quetta
|-
|}

For example, instead of using 1000 J is equal to 1kJ.

== Power ==
Power is defined as work being done per unit of time.

=== Watt (W) ===
The basic unit of power is 1 watt (W), which is defined as '''1 W = 1 J/s ''', ie. one Joule of work being done every second.

The game commonly deals with larger units, namely kilowatts (kW) and megawatts (MW).

[[Lamp|Lamps]] use 5 kW while turned on. A [[Radar]] uses 300 kW while active - equivalent to 60 lamps.
One [[Steam engine]] is capable of outputting 900 kW.

== Work ==

Work is defined as a transfer of energy, or as energy being "spent".

=== Joule (J) ===
The basic unit of work is 1 joule (J), and is equivalent to the work done (total energy transferred) by one watt applied for one second: '''1 J = 1 W s'''.

In game, [[fuel]] is really just potential energy, which, when applied, does work. For example, every piece of [[coal]] burned will produce 4 MJ. One [[accumulator]] is capable of storing 5 MJ.

In the real world, kilowatt hours is a much more common unit for the long term energy usage of electrical systems, but it is ''not'' an [[:WIKIPEDIA:International_System_of_Units#Derived_units|SI derived unit]] so it is not used by the game.

== [[Time]] ==

=== Tick (1/60 s) ===
A 1/60 second in game. This is the shortest time fraction the game handles.

=== Second (s) ===
One second in-game. This is not guaranteed to correspond to one real second. For example, slow computers may not manage to calculate an entire tick during the corresponding real time frame of 1/60th of a second.

=== Day ===

On [[Nauvis]], a day is 25200 in-game ticks or 420 in-game seconds (= 7 in-game minutes) long. This determines the day/night cycle which is important for visibility and [[Solar panel|solar power]].

On other surfaces{{SA}} the "day" is different lengths:
* [[Vulcanus]]: 1.5 minutes (90 seconds, 5,400 ticks)
* [[Fulgora]]: 3 minutes (180 seconds, 10,800 ticks)
* [[Gleba]]: 10 minutes (600 seconds, 36,000 ticks)
* [[Aquilo]]: 20 minutes (1200 seconds, 72,000 ticks)
* [[Space platform]]s have no night and are always illuminated.

== [[Map structure|Distance / Space]] ==

=== Tile ===
The tile is both used as a unit of distance/length and a unit of area. For example, the size of an object may be expressed as "2×2 tiles", which means the object covers an area of 4 square tiles or tiles². The unit of square tiles is often simplified into tiles. It can be assumed, that a tile has the length of 1 meter.

=== Chunk ===
A chunk is a quadratic area where one side is 32 tiles long. (1024 square tiles). A grid of tiles and chunks in can be viewed in the [[debug mode]] by pressing {{keybinding|F5}}.

=== Kilometers ===
A kilometer is 1000 meters, it is used to measure distance traveled in a [[space platform]].

== Force ==

=== Newtons (N) ===
Newtons measure the amount of forceful thrust of a space platform being moved by [[thruster]]s. This can be increased by adding more thrusters. More force can add damage to [[asteroids]] colliding with a platform, but the asteroids will, in turn, damage the platform as well.

== Mass / Weight ==

=== Tons (t) ===
A single ton is 1000 kilograms. The only time mass is measured in ''Factorio'' is calculating the sum of all parts that make up a space platform. The more components added and the bigger the platform's size, the more mass it will accumulate. The larger the mass of a platform, the harder it is for thrusters to move it to its destination.

== Logistics ==

=== Throughput ===

Items per time, or fluid-units per time. A unit measurement is

items / game-minute

==== Belts ====

Throughput = speed × density

For comparison: A [[transport belt]] transports normally about 900 items per in-game minute. A [[fast transport belt]] up to 1800 items/min and [[express transport belt]] nearly 2700 items / min.
See [[Transport belts/Physics|physics of transport belts]] for more information.

==== Logistic robots ====

Throughput depends on the distance, the number of robots and their item-stacksize. Let's assume a robot can travel 1 tile per second and can transport only one item at once. It needs also to return. Then this robot can transport ½ item per second. If you use 2 you can transport 1 item per second. If you double the distance, we are again at ½ item per second.

==== Trains ====

Items per train is the sum of all wagons' capacity (40 stacks for [[cargo wagon]], 50000 fluid for [[fluid wagon]] & 100 shells for [[artillery wagon]])

Top speed (later referred to as S) and acceleration (later referred to as A) depend on fuel type and train weight, for a coal-powered single locomotive without wagons they are 72 tiles/s and 9.26 tiles/s/s.

After some threshold the top speed starts decreasing linearly as train mass increases; acceleration is proportional to amount of locomotives pointing towards the travel direction and inversely proportional to train mass; deceleration is proportional to amount of wagons + amount of locomotives, inversely proportional to train mass, and affected by [[braking force (research)]] (train mass is the sum of all wagon and locomotive masses; see detailed info on wagon masses on [[locomotive]], [[cargo wagon]], [[fluid wagon]], and [[artillery wagon]] pages).

Warning: The following calculations assume deceleration = acceleration and do not account for red lights.

Travel time is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">(2S / A) + (distance - 4 * S^2 / A) / S</syntaxhighlight> if the stations are far enough for the train to achieve full speed. If they are closer than that, the time is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">2 * sqrt(distance / A)</syntaxhighlight>

Since a train has to make a trip back to load, the total throughput is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">items per train / (2 * travel time)</syntaxhighlight>

=== Capacity ===
Basically items per transport unit. This depends in many cases on the item type you use. A [[cargo wagon]] has a capacity of 40 stacks. Stack size depends on the item type so this means that it can hold 2000 items for ore, or 4000 for steel or copper plates.

=== Density ===
Measured in items per tile.

An item, that lays on ground has the size of 0.28 tiles2. On one tile we can place 12.752041 items, which means, that we can put in the best case 12 items on one tile.

==== Belts ====

For belts this is the same: We have two lanes on a belt, 4 items per lane or 8 item on one belt.

On belts there comes also another thing into play: '''Compression.''' Good compression is, when you fill a belt so, that you come to the maximum density and so to the maximum '''throughput'''.
See also [[Transport belts/Physics|physics of transport belts]] for more information.

=== Stacks/chests ===
On the first glance, it is simple: A chest has the size of one tile. You have X number of stack in a chest, where you can put Y numbers of items into each, so the density is simply X × Y.

The thing changes, if you use mods, that add chest-like transport boxes, which enables to pack/box items.

{{C|Main}}

Units

2026-02-08T23:59:40Z

Thrawcheld: /* Joule (J) */ capitalisation; watt hours usually only used for long term electrical energy usage

{{Languages}}
'''Units''' - by definition - are definite, representational quantities of measurement for different systems. Units can represent the measuring of electricity, amount of items, the time taken/required to perform a task or even the amount of stacks of items with differing amounts within said stacks.

Not all in-game units are simulated with full realism.

== Numerical abbreviations ==
Each unit in the game can be abbreviated with the following:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Abbreviation !! Value !! Numeral !! SI Prefix
|-
| k || 10^3 || thousand || kilo
|-
| M || 10^6 || million || Mega
|-
| G || 10^9 || billion || Giga
|-
| T || 10^12 || trillion || Tera
|-
| P || 10^15 || quadrillion || Peta
|-
| E || 10^18 || quintillion || Exa
|-
| Z || 10^21 || sextillion || Zetta
|-
| Y || 10^24 || septillion || Yotta
|-
| R || 10^27 || octillion || Ronna
|-
| Q || 10^30 || nonillion || Quetta
|-
|}

For example, instead of using 1000 J is equal to 1kJ.

== Power ==
Power is defined as work being done per unit of time.

=== Watt (W) ===
The basic unit of power is 1 watt (W), which is defined as '''1 W = 1 J/s ''', ie. one Joule of work being done every second.

The game commonly deals with larger units, namely kilowatts (kW) and megawatts (MW).

[[Lamp|Lamps]] use 5 kW while turned on. A [[Radar]] uses 300 kW while active - equivalent to 60 lamps.
One [[Steam engine]] is capable of outputting 900 kW.

== Work ==

Work is defined as a transfer of energy, or as energy being "spent".

=== Joule (J) ===
The basic unit of work is 1 joule (J), and is equivalent to the work done (total energy transferred) by one watt applied for one second: '''1 J = 1 W s'''.

In game, [[fuel]] is really just potential energy, which, when applied, does work. For example, every piece of [[coal]] burned will produce 4 MJ. One [[accumulator]] is capable of storing 5 MJ.

In the real world, kilowatt hours is a much more common unit for the long term energy usage of electrical systems, but it is ''not'' an [[:WIKIPEDIA:International_System_of_Units#Derived_units|SI derived unit]] so it is not used by the game.

== [[Time]] ==

=== Tick (1/60 s) ===
A 1/60 second in game. This is the shortest time fraction the game handles.

=== Second (s) ===
One second in-game. This is not guaranteed to correspond to one real second. For example, slow computers may not manage to calculate an entire tick during the corresponding real time frame of 1/60th of a second.

=== Day ===

A day is 25200 in-game ticks or 420 in-game seconds (= 7 in-game minutes) long.

== [[Map structure|Distance / Space]] ==

=== Tile ===
The tile is both used as a unit of distance/length and a unit of area. For example, the size of an object may be expressed as "2×2 tiles", which means the object covers an area of 4 square tiles or tiles². The unit of square tiles is often simplified into tiles. It can be assumed, that a tile has the length of 1 meter.

=== Chunk ===
A chunk is a quadratic area where one side is 32 tiles long. (1024 square tiles). A grid of tiles and chunks in can be viewed in the [[debug mode]] by pressing {{keybinding|F5}}.

=== Kilometers ===
A kilometer is 1000 meters, it is used to measure distance traveled in a [[space platform]].

== Force ==

=== Newtons (N) ===
Newtons measure the amount of forceful thrust of a space platform being moved by [[thruster]]s. This can be increased by adding more thrusters. More force can add damage to [[asteroids]] colliding with a platform, but the asteroids will, in turn, damage the platform as well.

== Mass / Weight ==

=== Tons (t) ===
A single ton is 1000 kilograms. The only time mass is measured in ''Factorio'' is calculating the sum of all parts that make up a space platform. The more components added and the bigger the platform's size, the more mass it will accumulate. The larger the mass of a platform, the harder it is for thrusters to move it to its destination.

== Logistics ==

=== Throughput ===

Items per time, or fluid-units per time. A unit measurement is

items / game-minute

==== Belts ====

Throughput = speed × density

For comparison: A [[transport belt]] transports normally about 900 items per in-game minute. A [[fast transport belt]] up to 1800 items/min and [[express transport belt]] nearly 2700 items / min.
See [[Transport belts/Physics|physics of transport belts]] for more information.

==== Logistic robots ====

Throughput depends on the distance, the number of robots and their item-stacksize. Let's assume a robot can travel 1 tile per second and can transport only one item at once. It needs also to return. Then this robot can transport ½ item per second. If you use 2 you can transport 1 item per second. If you double the distance, we are again at ½ item per second.

==== Trains ====

Items per train is the sum of all wagons' capacity (40 stacks for [[cargo wagon]], 50000 fluid for [[fluid wagon]] & 100 shells for [[artillery wagon]])

Top speed (later referred to as S) and acceleration (later referred to as A) depend on fuel type and train weight, for a coal-powered single locomotive without wagons they are 72 tiles/s and 9.26 tiles/s/s.

After some threshold the top speed starts decreasing linearly as train mass increases; acceleration is proportional to amount of locomotives pointing towards the travel direction and inversely proportional to train mass; deceleration is proportional to amount of wagons + amount of locomotives, inversely proportional to train mass, and affected by [[braking force (research)]] (train mass is the sum of all wagon and locomotive masses; see detailed info on wagon masses on [[locomotive]], [[cargo wagon]], [[fluid wagon]], and [[artillery wagon]] pages).

Warning: The following calculations assume deceleration = acceleration and do not account for red lights.

Travel time is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">(2S / A) + (distance - 4 * S^2 / A) / S</syntaxhighlight> if the stations are far enough for the train to achieve full speed. If they are closer than that, the time is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">2 * sqrt(distance / A)</syntaxhighlight>

Since a train has to make a trip back to load, the total throughput is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">items per train / (2 * travel time)</syntaxhighlight>

=== Capacity ===
Basically items per transport unit. This depends in many cases on the item type you use. A [[cargo wagon]] has a capacity of 40 stacks. Stack size depends on the item type so this means that it can hold 2000 items for ore, or 4000 for steel or copper plates.

=== Density ===
Measured in items per tile.

An item, that lays on ground has the size of 0.28 tiles2. On one tile we can place 12.752041 items, which means, that we can put in the best case 12 items on one tile.

==== Belts ====

For belts this is the same: We have two lanes on a belt, 4 items per lane or 8 item on one belt.

On belts there comes also another thing into play: '''Compression.''' Good compression is, when you fill a belt so, that you come to the maximum density and so to the maximum '''throughput'''.
See also [[Transport belts/Physics|physics of transport belts]] for more information.

=== Stacks/chests ===
On the first glance, it is simple: A chest has the size of one tile. You have X number of stack in a chest, where you can put Y numbers of items into each, so the density is simply X × Y.

The thing changes, if you use mods, that add chest-like transport boxes, which enables to pack/box items.

{{C|Main}}

Fluid system

2026-02-08T13:27:45Z

Thrawcheld: /* Limitations */ spacing; add missing SA icons

{{Languages}}
[[File:Item-group fluids.png|right]]
'''Fluids''' are non-solid items, such as [[water]] and [[oil]]. They can normally only exist inside entities for fluid handling (like [[pipe]]s), and buildings that have fluids as input ingredients or products (like an [[oil refinery]]).

== Fluids ==
The following fluids are available in-game:
[[File:fluids_gui.png|thumb|350px|right|"Fluids" tab on the [[production statistics]] screen.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Fluid !! Resource distribution !! Extractor !! Alternative recipes !! Producer
|-
| {{iconLink|Water}} || {{icon|Nauvis}}{{icon|Gleba|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Offshore pump}} || {{icon|Ice melting|space-age=yes}}{{icon|Steam condensation|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Chemical plant}}{{icon|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Steam}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Acid neutralisation|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Boiler}}{{icon|Heat exchanger}}{{icon|Chemical plant}}{{icon|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Crude oil}} || {{icon|Nauvis}}{{icon|Aquilo|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Pumpjack}} || N/A || N/A
|-
| {{iconLink|Petroleum gas}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Basic oil processing}}{{icon|Advanced oil processing}}{{icon|Light oil cracking}}{{icon|Coal liquefaction}} || {{icon|Oil refinery}}{{icon|Chemical plant}}{{icon|Biochamber|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Light oil}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Advanced oil processing}}{{icon|Heavy oil cracking}}{{icon|Coal liquefaction}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}}{{Icon|Chemical plant}}{{Icon|Biochamber|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Heavy oil}} || {{icon|Fulgora|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Offshore pump}} || {{icon|Advanced oil processing}}{{icon|Coal liquefaction}}{{icon|Simple coal liquefaction|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Oil refinery}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Lubricant}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Lubricant}}{{Icon|Biolubricant|space-age=yes}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}{{Icon|Biochamber|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Sulfuric acid}} || {{icon|Vulcanus|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Pumpjack}} || {{icon|Sulfuric acid}} || {{icon|Chemical plant}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Thruster fuel|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Thruster fuel|space-age=yes}}{{icon|Advanced thruster fuel|space-age=yes}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Thruster oxidizer|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Thruster oxidizer|space-age=yes}}{{icon|Advanced thruster oxidizer|space-age=yes}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Lava|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Vulcanus|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Offshore pump}} || N/A || N/A
|-
| {{iconLink|Molten iron|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Molten iron|space-age=yes}}{{icon|Molten iron from lava|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Foundry|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Molten copper|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Molten copper|space-age=yes}}{{icon|Molten copper from lava|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Foundry|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Holmium solution|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Holmium solution|space-age=yes}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Electrolyte|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Electrolyte|space-age=yes}} || {{Icon|Electromagnetic plant|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Ammoniacal solution|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Aquilo|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Offshore pump}} || N/A || N/A
|-
| {{iconLink|Ammonia|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Ammoniacal solution separation|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Chemical plant}}{{icon|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Lithium brine|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Aquilo|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Pumpjack}} || N/A || N/A
|-
| {{iconLink|Fluorine|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Aquilo|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Pumpjack}} || N/A || N/A
|-
| {{iconLink|Fluoroketone (hot)|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Fluoroketone (hot)|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Fluoroketone (cold)|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Cooling hot fluoroketone||Fluoroketone (cold)|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{iconLink|Plasma|space-age=yes}} || N/A || N/A || {{icon|Plasma|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
|-
|}

== Mechanics ==
Fluids cannot be carried by the player, moved using [[inserters]], dropped on the ground, nor stored in chests, unless the fluids are stored in [[barrel]]s. They cannot be spilled or even dumped in a lake, and are counted in continuous fractions, rather than discrete integers. 
When the player picks up a structure that contains fluids, the contained fluid will try to flow into connected structures and any excess fluid that does not fit is destroyed.
[[File:Pipe_GUI.png|right|thumb|350px|GUI of a pipe inside a fluid system containing water. Clicking the trash can icon next to a fluid will flush that fluid from the system.]]

=== Storage ===
In the game, fluid is held in entities that behave as vessels (fluid boxes) of a defined size (volume). The vessels automatically connect to each other if their inputs/outputs are adjacent (pipes connect to all directions) and allow fluids to flow between them.

The '''volume''' of fluid contained in a fluid box is a value between 0 and the maximum volume. For instance, the pipe can hold 100 units of fluid, therefore the value in the pipe can be a number between 0 and 100. The '''level''' of fluid in a given entity is manifested by a percentage of the entity's maximum volume that is being occupied by a fluid. It can be observed in pipes and tanks; they have windows through which the fluid is seen at a certain level, or perhaps even as just a small trickle.

=== Fluid mixing ===
The game will prevent players from accidentally mixing fluids when placing most buildings, e.g. [[pipe]]s containing different fluids cannot be placed directly next to each other. However, not every possible case of fluid mixing is considered, so the player may still mix fluids accidentally or by purposely working around the building restrictions. A fluid segment can only contain a single fluid type, so trying to mix multiple fluids will result in all but one fluid being deleted.

=== Flow ===
All connected tanks and pipes are treated as a single vessel in that ''the level of fluid must be equal in all parts'', to even out pressure exacted by a higher fluid level on smaller ones. This is why level is also often referred to as ''pressure'', even though pressure is actually caused by a difference in level between two entities. All flow of fluid that happens between pipes is to achieve this balance (pumps practically ignore it and buildings disrupt it; more on that further below). The flow rate between pipes is dependent on pressure (the difference in level between the adjacent entities), it becomes slower as pipes even their levels out.

Coming back to how the 'level' is defined, this also means that all connected pipes and tanks attempt to even out to the same percentage of their respective volumes. For example, if 12,550 units of fluid are left to flow into a storage tank of 25,000-unit capacity with one pipe of 100-unit capacity connected, there will be 12,500 units in the storage tank and 50 units in the pipe, both being filled to the same '''percentage''' (50%) of their capacities, even though the amounts themselves are unequal.

Machines that produce fluids put them in their output slots, which are related to a specifically labeled output pipe socket somewhere on the machine (pressing {{Keybinding|Alt}} reveals the labels). The slot will attempt to empty itself into the entity connected to the machine's socket, unless it is full, or contains a non-matching fluid. Machines that consume fluids also have an accordingly labeled pipe input socket. If an entity containing the correct fluid is connected to it, the machine will start behaving like a pipe that can never be filled, meaning the fluid from connected pipes and tanks drains into the machine at a fixed rate, until the machine's input slot is full. There may be machines that have pipe sockets for both input and output (like a [[electric mining drill|drill]] placed over [[uranium ore]]). They then drain the fluid for themselves first, and once full, behave as a regular pipe that attempts to even out its level with adjacent entitites. If there are multiple output/input sockets for one fluid on a machine, their activity is distributed to them equally unless some of them are blocked/full.

=== Temperature ===
Temperature is currently only relevant in heating water as a medium for power generation. Even though all fluids in the game have a temperature value, it is generally the default 15°C.

Energy, whether harnessed from [[fuel]] in [[boiler]]s, or from [[Nuclear power (research)|nuclear power]] through [[heat exchanger]]s, can be used to turn [[water]] to [[steam]], being a [[Energy and work|liquid form of work]]. Steam holds energy at a ratio of 0.2 kJ per °C per unit. In other words: 0.2 kJ of work is necessary to heat a unit of steam by one °C. Since steam/water is set to have a maximum temperature of 1000°C and minimum of 15°C, the most work that can be done on one unit is 197 kJ.

In practice, this is barely utilized in a great variety: Boilers only output steam of 165°C temperature, and heat exchangers only output 500°C hot steam, never hotter, never colder; if insufficient energy is supplied, the heaters do not output steam altogether. The steam also does not grow colder over time. Using the 165°C steam in a [[steam engine]] has the same effect as using it in a [[steam turbine]], although it is impractical, since turbines are made to consume 500°C (superheated) steam, generating proportionally more power. All of this makes for no need of exact calculations.

== Limitations ==

The fluid within a single pipeline segment has no limit on its flow within that segment. However, the inputs to and outputs from these segments have limitations.

Each unique input and output connection has a theoretical maximum throughput limit of 6000 fluid per second (100 fluid per tick). In practice, this limit is usually around 4200 fluid per second. This limitation is assessed per input or output, not per machine. If a machine has two outputs for the same fluid, then its practical limit is 8.4k fluid per second if both outputs are used.

Furthermore, flow into and out of a segment is restricted based on how much fluid is in that segment. If the segment is mostly empty, then flow into that segment happens more quickly than if the segment is mostly full. Similarly, if the segment is mostly full, flow out of the segment happens more quickly than if the segment is mostly empty.

=== Specific recipes ===

Some recipes use or generate a lot of fluid per second. Through a combination of [[module]]s, [[beacon]]s, and/or [[quality]]{{SA}}, some machines executing certain recipes can consume or generate more fluid than it is practically possible to feed into or remove from the inputs and outputs.

Recipes where a player is likely to encounter this limitation include:

* [[Acid neutralisation]]{{SA}}: A [[chemical plant]] with an effective crafting speed of 4.2 will reach the practical limits of the system when using both outputs. A [[cryogenic plant]]{{SA}} needs an effective crafting speed of 6.3, due to having more fluid outputs. Note that, because the cryogenic plant starts with a crafting speed of 2, it takes ''fewer'' modules or beacons to reach the maximum.
* [[Steam condensation]]{{SA}}: A [[chemical plant]] with an effective crafting speed of 8.4 will reach the practical limits of the system when using both inputs. A [[cryogenic plant]]{{SA}} needs an effective crafting speed of 12.6 to reach the limits due to having more fluid inputs.
* Advanced thruster [[Advanced thruster fuel|fuel]]{{SA}} and [[Advanced thruster oxidizer|oxidizer]]{{SA}}. With a maximum productivity of 75%, they will be limited at an effective crafting speed of 32.
* Molten [[molten iron from lava|iron]]{{SA}} or [[molten copper from lava|copper]]{{SA}} from lava. As these recipes can use [[productivity]], they can be input or output limited based on how much productivity is at play. If the total productivity is less than 100%, then they are limited by [[lava]] being fed into them them. A [[foundry]]{{SA}} must have an effective crafting speed of 268 to be input limited. If the foundry has its maximum productivity of 150%, then it will be output limited with an effective crafting speed of 215. These may sound like a lot, but the foundry has a base crafting speed of 4.
* The ore-based [[molten iron]]{{SA}} and [[molten copper]]{{SA}} recipes are always output limited. With no additional productivity besides its base 50%, it will be limited at a crafting speed of 358. With its maximum productivity of 150%, it will be output limited with a crafting speed of 215.

== Transport ==
[[File:pipes_carrying_fluids.png|thumb|right|350px|Eight pipelines, each carrying a different fluid.]]
[[File:Overlength_pipe.gif|frame|right|When a pipe section exceeds max length, the overlay will give a warning by turning red.]]
Fluids can be transported through pipelines, barrels, or railway. It is generally practical to use piping for short-distance distribution to machines (or barrelling, if there is need to use belts), and railway transportation for longer distances.

=== Pipelines ===
'''[[Pipe|Pipes]]''' are the most basic way to channel fluids from A to B. They automatically connect to any adjacent pipe and can do so to all four cardinal directions simultaneously. [[Pipe to ground|Underground pipes]] only work in two opposite directions, linking to another underground pipe on one side, and to another entity on the other. If a pipe section becomes too long without using pumps (spreading outside a 320×320 tiles or 10×10 chunk area), fluid will not flow until the pipeline is broken up by a pump. '''[[Storage tank|Tanks]]''' behave the same as pipes, except their volume is much greater.

'''[[Pump]]s''' use electrical power to transfer fluids in one direction. They also block any back-flow, which means they can pressurize a section of piping, filling it as much as possible. They can also be disabled using the [[circuit network]] which stops fluid flow through the pump.

A continuous pipeline (meaning one that is not split by pumps) will transfer fluid instantly, with no flow restriction, irrespective of the distance, as long as the pipeline is not too long (as defined above).

=== Barrels ===
'''[[Barrel]]s''' are used by [[Assembling machine]]s to effectively "bottle" fluids into an item that can be handled like any other item; carried in an inventory, placed in chests and handled by [[Inserters]]. This allows the player to transport fluids via the [[belt transport system]] and the [[logistic network]] (as well as the [[railway]], although fluid wagons are also an option on rails). Assembling machines are also used to empty the barrels, depositing their contents to pipes and leaving an empty barrel for another use.

Barrels can't be used to transport [[steam]] or any fluids introduced in the [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion (with the exception of [[fluoroketone (hot)]]{{SA}} and [[fluoroketone (cold)]]{{SA}}).

=== Railway ===
'''[[Railway]]''' is another method of transporting fluids, and can be conducted in two ways: Either the fluids are directly pumped into a [[fluid wagon]], or they are poured into barrels and loaded into [[cargo wagon]]s. Both methods have their advantages:

'''Advantages of using fluid wagons'''
* Higher capacity (50k vs 20k)

'''Advantages of using barrels in cargo wagons'''
* A single cargo wagon can transport multiple types of barrelled fluid (and regular items at the same time)
* Cargo wagons, [[Fluid wagon#Troubleshooting|as opposed to fluid wagons]], don't need to be perfectly aligned to be (un-)loaded, allowing for more flexible train station designs

== See also ==
* [[Oil processing]]
* [[Power production]]

{{C|Logistics{{!}}#Fluid system}}
{{C|Energy and fluid distribution{{!}}#Fluid system}}

Locomotive

2025-11-22T13:58:28Z

Thrawcheld: /* Defense */ grammar

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Locomotive}}
The '''Locomotive''' is the engine for movement of [[Railway|trains]] over [[rail|tracks]]. Trains are useful for moving large amounts of items over large distances. With the [[Space Age]] expansion, locomotives can also utilize [[railway#Elevated Rails|elevated rails]], which are rails built off of a [[rail ramp]], allowing trains to freely drive over obstacles on the ground.

Locomotives are also good vehicles for the player to reach fixed destinations, as they are considerably faster than the [[car]] or [[tank]]. Naturally, they do not have the same freedom of movement, as they are confined to the track. They can be set up to travel automatically between [[train stop]]s, or be controlled manually, even if the [[player]] is in a [[cargo wagon]] attached to the train instead of the locomotive itself. Automatic trains can also use [[rail signal]]s and [[rail chain signal]]s to designate different or changing paths on a railway, as well as manage multiple trains on multiple or intertwining tracks.

Locomotives are [[burner devices]] and require [[fuel]] to run; the more powerful the fuel used, the faster the locomotive's acceleration and top speed will be. [[Solid fuel]], [[rocket fuel]] and [[nuclear fuel]] will give +20%, +80% and +150% acceleration respectively, and provide +5%, +15% and +15% for top speed respectively. Multiple locomotives can be used on a single train to increase its speed. If a locomotive has no fuel, it can still be moved manually, albeit very slowly.

While locomotives can be assembled by hand, the [[engine unit]] for it requires [[Assembling machine|automated construction]] to build, so it cannot be built from raw materials by hand. The color of the locomotive can be customized.

== Connecting/Disconnecting a locomotive ==
[[File:locomotive_gui.png|thumb|right|200px|Locomotive GUI]]

To connect locomotives, cargo wagons, or [[fluid wagon]]s to each other, either place the cars next to each other on the track (there will be an outlined green connection), or connect an already existing disconnected car by driving the locomotive near the car and press {{Keybinding|G}} by default. To disconnect the last car in a train, press {{Keybinding|V}} by default.

== Defense ==
A locomotive in transit can usually crash through everything in its way (including biters, [[car|other]] [[tank|vehicles]], and the player). However, if the locomotive is moving too slowly, or the target is too tough, it will stop the train instead. Once stopped, the train will continually do damage if trying to accelerate. If the locomotive hits an [[enemies|enemy]], the enemies will fight back and try to destroy the train and the rails.

[[Construction robot]]s are a good way to automatically repair damage at train stations.

[[File:train_kills_biters.gif|frame|none|Train killing three big biters.]]

== Maximum speed ==
The maximum speed that a locomotive can get to depends on the train that it is pulling. The speed of an accelerating, fully fueled, train is calculated every tick by the game with the following formula:

train_speed = max(0, abs(train_speed) - train_friction_force ÷ train_weight)
train_speed = train_speed + (10 × number_of_locomotives_in_moving_direction × fuel_acceleration_bonus ÷ train_weight)
train_speed = train_speed × (1 - air_resistance_of_front_rolling_stock ÷ (train_weight ÷ 1000))

where <code>train_friction_force</code> is the total friction of each wagon and locomotive (0.5 for any type of wagon including locomotives) and <code>train_weight</code> is the total weight of each wagon and locomotive (see their individual pages for the weight values). The friction and air resistance of wagons and locomotives can be found in their prototypes. The calculated <code>train_speed</code> is capped to <code>max_speed = 1.2 * fuel_top_speed_multiplier</code>.

== Fuel duration (in seconds) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1 item of !! Burning time in seconds
|-
| {{Imagelink|Wood}} || 3.33
|-
| {{Imagelink|Coal}} || 6.67
|-
| {{Imagelink|Solid fuel}} || 20
|-
| {{Imagelink|Rocket fuel}} || 166.67
|-
| {{Imagelink|Nuclear fuel}} || 2016.67
|}

== Driving controls ==
These are the default bindings, they can be changed in the Settings menu.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Command
! Keyboard and mouse
! Controller
|-
|Enter/Exit
|{{Keybinding|enter}}
|{{Keybinding|ZR|X}}
|-
|Accelerate
|{{Keybinding|W}}
|''Use left joystick''
|-
|Decelerate/Reverse
|{{Keybinding|S}}
|''Use left joystick''
|-
|Pick which fork to take at junction (left, right)
|{{Keybinding|A}},{{Keybinding|D}}
|''Use left joystick''
|-
|Connect/Disconnect train
|{{Keybinding|G}},{{Keybinding|V}}
| Not set
|}

When using a controller, such as on the [[Nintendo Switch version|Nintendo Switch]], the behaviour of the left joystick in vehicles can be switched between two modes:
* Relative vehicle driving mode (default): Moving the stick in a direction will make vehicles automatically turn and accelerate to that side of the screen.
* Absolute vehicle driving mode: Moving the stick up/down will make vehicles accelerate/brake. Moving the stick left/right will make vehicles turn in that direction.

== Achievements ==
Locomotives are directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|getting-on-track}}
{{Achievement|getting-on-track-like-a-pro}}
{{Achievement|watch-your-step}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths=320px>
File:trains_colors.png|The player among different colored locomotives.
</gallery>

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Locomotive sounds overhauled.}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Locomotive fuel consumption doubled.}}

{{history|0.16.0|
* Locomotive will show train ID in its tooltip. The ID can be used in circuit network conditions.}}

{{history|0.15.19|
* Locomotive snaps to a train stop when placing the first locomotive next to the train stop.}}

{{history|0.15.7|
* Inserters will no longer take fuel from locomotives and instead will take the burnt result items if the locomotive fuel uses that system.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Renamed "diesel-locomotive" to "locomotive"}}

{{history|0.14.0|
* Added support for equipment grids in locomotives.}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* New locomotive graphics.
* Can now be colored.
* Trains are now regular size in horizontal and vertical orientations.
}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* Trains that are moving automatically cannot be rotated.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Now show contents in tooltip.}}

{{history|0.11.18|
* Increased the crafting cost of the cargo wagon and locomotive.
* Removing and merging the locomotive of a train without any additional locomotives doesn't clear the schedule anymore.
}}

{{history|0.11.6|
* Copy paste can now be used for train schedules.}}

{{history|0.10.2|
* Now recalculates path on rotation.}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* Backer names are used for locomotives.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Recipe change}}

{{history|0.5.0|
* Train can find the path backward when it has locomotives in the back
* New locomotive graphics.
* Locomotive + wagon + rails are more expensive.
}}

{{history|0.4.1|
* Smooth (precise) rolling stock placement.
* Rotating while building affects the direction of the rolling stock.
* Rolling stocks can be disconnected from both sides.
}}

{{history|0.4.0|
* Locomotive uses fuel.
* Locomotive and Car are minable
* Easier riding in locomotive and car (accelerate vs. brake vs. reverse)
* Automated train transportation. Trains can be given schedule to go to Train Stops (named after backers).
}}

{{history|0.2.8|
* Now shows health bar below locomotive.}}

{{history|0.2.1|
* Now emits light if active.}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

==See also==
* [[Railway]]
* [[Cargo wagon]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Railway}}
{{C|Rolling stock}}

Quality

2025-11-22T12:47:59Z

Thrawcheld: /* Quality effects */ capitalisation

{{Languages}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:Any quality.png|right]]
'''Quality''' is a feature of the [[Space Age]] expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the producing structure. When Space Age itself is enabled, the two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond ([[File:Quality info.png]]) in the tooltip.

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independent of most Space Age content.

== Quality tiers ==
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
* [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal (0)
* [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon (1)
* [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare (2)
* [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic (3)
* [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary ('''5''')

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

== Technologies ==
Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Research !! Base Game !! {{SA}} Space Age !! Unlocks
|-
| {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}} x 300
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}} x 500
| [[File:quality_uncommon.png|32px]] [[File:quality_rare.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_epic.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Metallurgic science pack}}{{icon|Electromagnetic science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}}{{icon|Cryogenic science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_legendary.png|32px]]
|-
|}

== Quality effects ==
The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:
* +30% health
* +30% crafting speed
* +30% robot limit (rounded down)
* +1 robot recharge slot for [[personal roboport]]s (both tiers, but not [[roboport]]s)
* +30% robot recharge rate (all roboports)
* +30% positive module effects (rounded down to the nearest 0.1% for [[quality module]]s, rounded down to the nearest 1% for non-quality modules)
* +10% turret range
* +10% weapon range
* +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
* +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
* +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
* +30% increased ammo damage
* +30% inserter rotation speed
** The power consumption of inserters is defined as energy per angle of turn. A 30% faster inserter can turn 30% more angles in a given space of time, so it consumes 30% more energy.
* -16.67% (1/6) resource drain on miners and [[pumpjack]]s
** This is multiplicative with [[productivity]]
* +30% [[solar panel]] output
* +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
* +30% capacity on [[personal battery|personal batteries]] (all three tiers)
* +30% output rate on [[boiler]]s, [[steam engine]]s, [[steam turbine]]s, [[accumulator]]s (also affects input rate), and [[nuclear reactor]]s
** Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
* +30% reach and efficiency for lightning [[lightning rod|rods]] and [[lightning collector|collectors]]
* -16.67% (1/6) power consumption on [[beacon]]s
* +1 to both continuous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in [[radar]]s
* +100% durability on consumable items ([[repair pack]]s, [[science pack]]s)
* +5% fork chance on the [[tesla turret]] and tesla ammo for the tesla gun
* [[Asteroid collector]]s:
** +5% arm speed
** +1 arm
** +10% active power consumption per arm and +10% drain
** +2 collection area size (both dimensions)
** +5 storage size

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) [[Productivity module 3]] (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings only get increased health, with no special effect. Examples are:
*Buildings related to [[circuit network]]s and [[rail signal]]s
*[[Transport belt]]s
*[[Pipe]]s
*[[Wall]]s
*[[Locomotive|Trains]]
*[[Cargo wagon]]s

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quality effects
! Item !! Effect !! [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon !! [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare !! [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_1.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 1]] || Health || 300 || 390 || 480 || 570 || 750
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.5 || 0.65 || 0.8 || 0.95 || 1.25

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_2.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 2]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.75 || 0.975 || 1.2 || 1.425 || 1.875

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_3.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 3]] || Health || 400 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 1000
|-
| Crafting speed || 1.25 || 1.625 || 2 || 2.375 || 3.125

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:construction_robot.png|15px]] [[Construction robot]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Max flying reach || 571m || 1152m || 1728m || 2305m || 3457m
|-
| Energy capacity || 3MJ || 6MJ || 9MJ || 12MJ || 18MJ

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:inserter.png|15px]] [[Inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 15.1kW || 19.51kW || 23.92kW || 28.33kW || 37.15kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 302°/s || 393°/s || 484°/s || 575°/s || 756°/s

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:fast_inserter.png|15px]] [[Fast inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 59.3kW || 76.94kW || 94.58kW || 112kW || 148kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 864°/s || 1123°/s || 1382°/s || 1642°/s || 2160°/s

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:laser_turret.png|15px]] [[Laser turret]] || Health || 1000 || 1300 || 1600 || 1900 || 2500
|-
| Range || 24 tiles || 26.4 tiles || 28.8 tiles || 31.2 tiles || 36 tiles

|-
| rowspan="1" | [[File:pipe.png|15px]] [[Pipe]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:roboport.png|15px]] [[Roboport]] || Health || 500 || 650 || 800 || 950 || 1250
|-
| Energy consumption || 2.1MW || 2.7MW || 3.3MW || 3.9MW || 5.1MW
|-
| Robot recharge rate || 4 x 500kW || 4 x 650kW || 4 x 800kW || 4 x 950kW || 4 x 1.25MW

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:small_electric_pole.png|15px]] [[Small electric pole]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Supply area || 5x5 || 7x7 || 9x9 || 11x11 || 15x15
|-
| Wire reach || 7.5 tiles || 9.5 tiles || 11.5 tiles || 13.5 tiles || 17.5 tiles

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:wooden_chest.png|15px]] [[Wooden chest]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Storage size || 16 || 20 || 25 || 30 || 40

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:iron_chest.png|15px]] [[Iron chest]] || Health || 200 || 260 || 320 || 380 || 500
|-
| Storage size || 32 || 41 || 51 || 60 || 80

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:steel_chest.png|15px]] [[Steel chest]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Storage size || 48 || 62 || 76 || 91 || 120
|}

== Creating high-quality items ==

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

=== Quality ingredients ===
Recipes that consume items have variations for each quality that the items might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality. Recipes that consume only fluids do not have quality variations. If they produce items, those items will be normal quality unless affected by quality modules. Recipes that fill or empty [[barrel]]s and recipes that produce the same item they consume ([[kovarex enrichment process]] and [[fish breeding]]) do not accept quality modules.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon [[iron plate]]s with rare [[battery|batteries]] to make an [[accumulator]] of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same [[lubricant]] can be used to create [[electric engine unit]]s of any quality.

=== Quality modules ===
{{Main|Quality module}}
[[File:quality_module_animated.png|64px|right]]'''Quality modules''' allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Module|Quality}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module}}
| +1% || +1.3% || +1.6% || +1.9% || +2.5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_2}}
| +2% || +2.6% || +3.2% || +3.8% || +5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_3}}
| +2.5% || +3.2% || +4% || +4.7% || +6.2%
|}

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to ''improve'' quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance, the following tables present expected outputs for each level of research.
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 9/1000 || Q * 1/1000
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 || Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]
| - || - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>

==== Examples ====
<div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px; vertical-align:top;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 2× {{Icon|quality_module_2|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 4%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 96% || 3.6% || 0.4%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 96% || 4%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 10%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.09% || 0.01%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.1%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 90% || 9% || 1%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 90% || 10%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} → Q = 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.2232% || 0.0248%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.248%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.48%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 75.2% || 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div>

==== Optimal module usage ====
{{Main|Tutorial:Quality upcycling math}}

It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the [[recycler]] only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts (rounded up) needed to produce 1 legendary output using ideal ratios of quality module 3s to productivity module 3s, with 4 matching quality module 3 in the recycler.

It is important to emphasize that these ratios maximize return per input material. If input capacity isn't a concern and the goal is speed rather than material efficiency, then switch out productivity modules for quality modules as needed. Beware, however, that in many cases material inefficiency nearly keeps pace with the legendary output rate.

<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 891
|-
| 3 || 0% || 0 || 3 || 533
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 342
|-
| 4 || 50% || 0 || 4 || 97
|-
| 5 || 50% || 1 || 4 || 67
|-
| 8 || 0% || 4 || 4 || 70
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 608
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 356
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 212
|-
| 4 || 50% || 1 || 3 || 62
|-
| 5 || 50% || 2 || 3 || 40
|-
| 8 || 0% || 5 || 3 || 34
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 309
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 153
|-
| 4 || 0% || 2 || 2 || 80
|-
| 4 || 50% || 3 || 1 || 25
|-
| 5 || 50% || 4 || 1 || 14
|-
| 8 || 0% || 8 || 0 || 7
|}</div>
For example, suppose legendary T3 modules are available and the goal is to produce legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]] processing units. If each electromagnetic plant producing epic quality or below has 4 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] productivity module 3 and 1 legendary [[File:quality_module_3.png|link=Quality module 3|20px]] quality module 3, and the electromagnetic plant with the legendary recipe has 5 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] productivity module 3, then on average an input of 280 normal [[File:Electronic_circuit.png|link=Electronic circuit|20px]] electronic circuits and 28 normal [[File:Advanced_circuit.png|link=Advanced circuit|20px]] advanced circuits is expected to produce 1 legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]] processing unit.

===== Derivation =====
Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))|| (1 + P) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + P) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * Q * 9/10 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/100 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/1000 || (1 + P) * Q * 1/1000
|}

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + -0.75) * (1-Q) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (100 - 10-1)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| 0.25 * (1-Q) || 0.25 * Q * 9/10|| 0.25 * Q * 9/100 || 0.25 * Q * 9/1000 || 0.25 * Q * 1/1000
|}

For example, recycling an uncommon ingredient with a Q of 25%:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| style="background:#424242" | [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]] || - || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
|}

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see the Wikipedia article [[Wikipedia:Stochastic matrix|Stochastic matrix]]) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid; text-align:center;"
! !! style="border-left:2px solid" | I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
! style="border-left:2px solid" | P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.003375 || 0.000375
|-
! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.00375
|-
! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.0375
|-
! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.375
|-
! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.5
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.0005625 || 0.0000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.00625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.0625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|}

To iterate this matrix (M) apply the matrix to itself. For example, M6 would indicate 6 iterations, corresponding to 3 crafting steps and 3 recycling steps. To see how much 1 ingredient set produces after a given iteration, x, multiply an input vector by Mx. The vector format follows that of the matrix labels, so with the table arranged as above, left multiply a row vector of ingredient(s) by the matrix. In order to see the expected product of 1 set of normal ingredients, the vector will have '1' in the first column and '0's everywhere else. Likewise, a set of uncommon ingredients will correspond to '1' in the second column of the vector.

It is important to note that since the recycling step has a material loss of 75% most recycling loops will be well behaved and converge quickly.

Extreme productivity from research breaks this pattern and will prevent convergence, but this simply means that there is a positive material cycle, so 1 set of ingredients will produce infinite legendary crafts, on average. The closer the total productivity is to 400%, the slower the convergence of the matrix iteration and the higher you need to calculate x in Mx.


== Usage tips ==
=== Using quality to increase production ===
There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:
* Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
* Increasing the quality of [[speed module]]s will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
* Increasing the quality of [[productivity module]]s will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
* Increasing the quality of [[beacon]]s will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where [[electronic circuit]]s are made using one [[electromagnetic plant]] with five [[productivity module 3]]s, which is surrounded by 12 [[beacon]]s with two [[speed module 3]]s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered [[express transport belt]]). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half [[turbo transport belt]]s with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

=== Using quality to save space ===
Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a [[space platform]], where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

=== Notes ===
* In the below circumstances, quality modules have no useful effects.
** Placed in a [[Rocket silo]]
** Placed in a [[Lab]] or [[Biolab]]
** Used with recipes that only output fluids (e.g [[holmium solution]])
* [[Barrel]]s cannot accept quality modules, most likely to stop quality upcycling with no loss.
* The [[Kovarex enrichment process]] recipe and [[raw fish|fish breeding]] cannot accept quality modules.

== Relevant Factorio Friday Facts ==
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-375 FFF 375 - Quality]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-376 FFF 376 - Research and Technology]

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|make-it-better}}
{{Achievement|look-at-my-shiny-rare-armor}}
{{Achievement|todays-fish-is-trout-a-la-creme}}
{{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
{{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}
{{Achievement|no-room-for-more}}

== Trivia ==
* Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the [[player]] character.
** Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled [[biter egg]]s, [[captive biter spawner]]s, and [[pentapod egg]]s inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters choose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{C|Main}}

Infobox:Destroyer capsule

2025-09-13T19:57:17Z

Thrawcheld: total raw in Space Age

{{Infobox
|prototype-type = projectile
|internal-name = destroyer-capsule
|stack-size = 100
|rocket-capacity = 25 (0.25 {{Translation|stacks}})
|category = Combat
|image = destroyer_capsule_entity
|health = {{Quality|60|78|96|114|150}}
|resistance = {{Translation|Acid}}: 0/90% {{Translation|Fire}}: 0/95%
|lifespan = 120
|damage = {{Quality|20|26|32|38|50}} {{Translation|electric}}
|range = {{Quality|25|27.5|30|32.5|37.5}} ({{Translation|Capsule}}) {{Quality|20|22|24|26|30}} ({{Translation|Destroyer}})
|shooting-speed = 2{{Translation|/s}} ({{Translation|Capsule}}) 3{{Translation|/s}} ({{Translation|Destroyer}})
|recipe = Time, 15 + Distractor capsule, 4 + Speed module, 1
|total-raw = Time, 661.75 + Copper plate, 212.5 + Iron plate, 375 + Plastic bar, 34 + Steel plate, 24
|required-technologies = Destroyer
|boosting-technologies = Energy weapons damage + Follower robot count
|producers = Assembling machine + Player

|changed-by-space-age-mod=yes
|space-age-recipe = Time, 15 + Distractor capsule, 4 + Steel plate, 4 + Processing unit, 1
|space-age-total-raw = Time, 611 + Processing unit, 1 + Copper plate, 180 + Iron plate, 360 + Plastic bar, 24 + Steel plate, 28
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Infobox page]]
</noinclude>

Portable fusion reactor

2025-09-12T09:34:20Z

Thrawcheld: /* Trivia */ Spidertron still takes 6 ingredients in the base game

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Portable fusion reactor}}
{{About/Space age}}
{{About|the new equipment introduced in [[Space Age]]|the base game reactor equipment|Portable fission reactor}}

Portable fusion reactors are advanced power generating modules for equipment grids, and the most powerful one in [[Space Age]]. They generate 2.5 MW of power, equivalent roughly 83.3 [[portable solar panel]]s or 3.3 [[portable fission reactor]]s, while taking up only a 4×4 area in the equipment grid.

Portable fusion reactors are an unlimited source of energy and require nothing to power them.

== Trivia ==

* The model is a reference to the movie ''[[Wikipedia:Back to the Future Part II|Back to the Future Part II]]'', specifically the "Mr. Fusion" item on the back of the DeLorean. The "Mr. Fusion" is itself a riff on "Mr. Coffee", as the prop was a modified coffee maker.
* The portable fusion reactor is the only item in base game Factorio to become Space Age exclusive content.
* Due to the simplification of the [[spidertron]]'s recipe, the portable fusion reactor and the [[quantum processor]] are the only items in the Space Age expansion that require more than 5 ingredient types to craft in Space Age.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Crafting recipe overhauled.
* Power production increased from 750 kW to 2.5 MW.
* Portable fusion reactors are now Space Age{{SA}} exclusive content.
** [[Portable fission reactor]] was introduced to replace its previous position in the tech tree.
** All portable fusion reactors crafted before 2.0.7 have been turned into portable fission reactors.
}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* Power production increased from 75 kW to 750 kW.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Power production increased from 750 W to 75 kW}}

{{history|0.7.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Portable fission reactor]]

{{CombatNav}}
{{C|Equipment}}

User:Thrawcheld/Scrap yields

2025-09-12T08:22:01Z

Thrawcheld: products for holmium plate and electrolyte were reversed

== Yields per 1000 scrap ==
The following table lists the ''expected yield'' (rows) per 1000 [[scrap]], if all possible recycling steps that could yield that item are performed.

* ''Direct'' yields are those obtained by recycling in only one step.
* ''Full process'' yields are those obtained by further recycling the direct products, assuming the maximum possible amount is recycled. Only items that have at least one recyclable yield have this column.

Full process yields will not usually be obtained in practice, since some intermediate recyclable items will be consumed instead of recycled. In particular, the yield of electronic circuits, copper plates, copper cables, and plastic is much lower when rockets are being constructed, since rocket construction consumes processing units and low density structures.

The table takes into account that each yield is rolled for independently, including for scrap.

The uses column includes only items that are useful on Fulgora and cannot be obtained directly from scrap.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
|+ Recycler yields per 1000 scrap
! rowspan="3" | Yield
! colspan="11" | Input
! rowspan="3" | Uses
|-
! colspan="2" | {{imagelink|Scrap}}
! rowspan="2" | {{imagelink|Iron gear wheel}}
! rowspan="2" | {{imagelink|Concrete}}
! rowspan="2" | {{imagelink|Battery}}
! rowspan="2" | {{imagelink|Copper cable}}
! colspan="2" | {{imagelink|Advanced circuit}}
! colspan="2" | {{imagelink|Processing unit}}
! rowspan="2" | {{imagelink|Low density structure}}
|-
! Direct
! Full process
! Direct
! Full process
! Direct
! Full process
|-
| {{imagelink|Advanced circuit}} ||  30 ||  40 || || || || || || || 10 || 10 || ||
* logistic chests
* modules
* beacon
* express splitter
* logistic robots
* roboport
* selector combinator
* substation
|-
| {{imagelink|Battery}} ||  40 ||  40 || || || || || || || || || ||
* accumulator
* flying robot frame
* supercapacitor
|-
| {{imagelink|Concrete}} ||  60 ||  60 || || || || || || || || || ||
* refined concrete
** rail ramps and supports
** electromagnetic plants
** paving
* rocket silo
* paving
|-
| {{imagelink|Copper cable}} ||  30 ||  98.75 || || || || || 30 || 41.25 || || 27.5 || ||
* combinators
* beacon
* programmable speaker
* lamp
* substation
|-
| {{imagelink|Copper plate}} || || 109.375 || || || 10 || 15 || || 20.625 || || 13.75 || 50 ||
* superconductor
|-
| {{imagelink|Electronic circuit}} || || 120 || || || || ||  0.5 ||  0.5 ||  5 ||  5.25 || || many useful items, notably:
* supercapacitor
* logistic chests
* combinators
* assembling machines
* beacons
* inserters
* chemical plants
* construction robots
* level 1 modules
* electric engines
* splitters
* flying robot frame
* locomotive
* programmable speaker
* signals
* repair pack
* lamp
* train stop
|-
| {{imagelink|Holmium ore}} ||  10 ||  10|| || || || || || || || || ||
holmium solution
* holmium plate
** electromagnetic plant
** mech armor
** supercapacitor
** superconductor
** Tesla gun
** fusion power cell (on Aquilo)
** lithium (on Aquilo)
* electrolyte
** lightning collector
** supercapacitor
** electromagnetic science pack
** Tesla gun
** Tesla ammo
** Tesla turret
* electromagnetic science pack
|-
| {{imagelink|Ice}} ||  50 ||  50 || || || || || || || || || ||
* water
** refined concrete
** holmium solution
** cracking
|-
| {{imagelink|Iron gear wheel}} || 200 || 200 || || || || || || || || || || many things, none unique to Fulgora
|-
| {{imagelink|Iron ore}} || ||   1.5 || || 1.5 || || || || || || || || nothing
|-
| {{imagelink|Iron plate}} || || 140 || 100 || || 10 || || ||  3.75 || || 26.25 || ||
* accumulator
* assembling machine 1
* cargo wagon
* inserters
* iron stick
** rail
** refined concrete
** train stop
** power poles
** programmable speaker
* pipes
* programmable speaker
* signals and train stop
* lamp
* yellow belts
* storage tank
* sulfuric acid
|-
| {{imagelink|Low density structure}} ||  10 ||  10 || || || || || || || || || ||
* power armor mk2
** mech armor
* some armour modules
* rocket part
|-
| {{imagelink|Plastic bar}} || ||  32.5 || || || || || 15 || 15 || ||  5 || 12.5 ||
* superconductor
* Tesla gun
* Tesla ammo
|-
| {{imagelink|Processing unit}} ||  20 ||  20 || || || || || || || || || ||
* level 2/3 modules
* electromagnetic plant
* mech armor
* power armour mk2 (used in mech armor)
* recycler
* rocket part
* rocket silo
|-
| {{imagelink|Solid fuel}} ||  70 ||  70 || || || || || || || || || || rocket fuel
* rocket part
* fuelling trains
|-
| {{imagelink|Steel plate}} ||  40 ||  45 || || || || || || || || ||  5 ||
* assembling machines
* empty barrel
* some armor modules
* beacon
* power poles and substation
* locomotive and wagons
* chemical plant
* engine
* flying robot frame
* pump
* rail, rail ramp, rail support, and train stop
* refined concrete
* roboport
* rocket silo
* chests
* storage tank
* recycler
* electromagnetic plant
* lightning rod and lightning collector
|-
| {{imagelink|Stone}} ||  40 ||  40 || || || || || || || || || ||
* foundation
* rail
* holmium solution
* electrolyte
|-
| {{imagelink|Stone brick}} || ||   7.5 || || 7.5 || || || || || || || ||
* lightning rod
* paving
|}

=== Observations ===
* You cannot make anything that requires coal (e.g. grenades for military science) except by importing coal (or importing carbon and synthesizing coal).
* Most green circuits come from recycling blue circuits, not red circuits.
* The number of units of water you can get out of scrap (without productivity) is about equal to the quantity of scrap. The amount of solid fuel you get is about 14 times less. If you wanted to use steam power for some reason, saturating one normal quality heat exchanger with a heating tower would therefore take 10.3 scrap per second, consuming 0.833.. solid fuel per second, a ratio of about 12:1. You therefore cannot get 100% efficiency out of heating towers while consuming all the solid fuel you get from scrap – you will consume all your ice in heat exchangers and overheat the towers.
* Iron ore is almost useless. The only thing you can do with it is smelt it for more iron plates (and you might as well burn solid fuel to do so), but you will probably get enough of those anyway from recycling gears. There's no point exporting it since it's equally available everywhere else. You might as well void it with a pair of recyclers.
* The only useful things that consume copper plates are superconductors, batteries, copper cables, and LDS. Other than superconductors, batteries seem like the most likely shortfall. Crafting more LDS would likely result in a large surplus of plastic (red circuits recycle to about equal amounts of copper and plastic, but LDS uses four times as much copper). You might also make red science on Fulgora.
* Superconductors are also the only thing you are likely to make in bulk that consumes plastic... unless you need more red circuits than you can get from scrap, which implies you're getting all your plastic from LDS and have a large surplus of copper. You will likely have a surplus of plastic, which could usefully be exported, probably to Aquilo which is the planet that has the most trouble making it (due to lack of coal).
* You will probably get more solid fuel than you can use. It's certainly not worth making it from the oil sands.

== Processed scrap in terms of stacks ==
Recycling scrap produces the following numbers of stacks. The table lists expected numbers from 20,000 scrap, which is 400 stacks. This is the smallest quantity that produces whole numbers for every product. The proportion columns are rounded to 2 decimal places.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"
! rowspan="2" | Product
! rowspan="2" | Stack size
! colspan="2" | Per 1 scrap
! colspan="2" | Per 20,000 scrap
! colspan="2" | Proportion
|-
! Items
! Stacks
! Items
! Stacks
! Items
! Stacks
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Advanced circuit}}
| 200
|style="text-align: left"| 0.03
|style="text-align: left"| 0.00015
| 600
| 3
|style="text-align: left"| 005%
|style="text-align: left"| 002.05%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Battery}}
| 200
|style="text-align: left"| 0.04
|style="text-align: left"| 0.0002
| 800
| 4
|style="text-align: left"| 006.67%
|style="text-align: left"| 002.74%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Concrete}}
| 100
|style="text-align: left"| 0.06
|style="text-align: left"| 0.0006
| 1200
| 12
|style="text-align: left"| 010%
|style="text-align: left"| 008.22%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Copper cable}}
| 200
|style="text-align: left"| 0.03
|style="text-align: left"| 0.00015
| 600
| 3
|style="text-align: left"| 005%
|style="text-align: left"| 002.05%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Holmium ore}}
| 50
|style="text-align: left"| 0.01
|style="text-align: left"| 0.0002
| 200
| 4
|style="text-align: left"| 001.67%
|style="text-align: left"| 002.74%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Ice}}
| 50
|style="text-align: left"| 0.05
|style="text-align: left"| 0.001
| 1000
| 20
|style="text-align: left"| 008.33%
|style="text-align: left"| 013.70%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Iron gear wheel}}
| 100
|style="text-align: left"| 0.2
|style="text-align: left"| 0.002
| 4000
| 40
|style="text-align: left"| 033.33%
|style="text-align: left"| 027.40%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Low density structure}}
| 50
|style="text-align: left"| 0.01
|style="text-align: left"| 0.0002
| 200
| 4
|style="text-align: left"| 001.67%
|style="text-align: left"| 002.74%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Processing unit}}
| 100
|style="text-align: left"| 0.02
|style="text-align: left"| 0.0002
| 400
| 4
|style="text-align: left"| 003.33%
|style="text-align: left"| 002.74%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Solid fuel}}
| 50
|style="text-align: left"| 0.07
|style="text-align: left"| 0.0014
| 1400
| 28
|style="text-align: left"| 011.67%
|style="text-align: left"| 019.18%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Steel plate}}
| 100
|style="text-align: left"| 0.04
|style="text-align: left"| 0.0004
| 800
| 8
|style="text-align: left"| 006.66%
|style="text-align: left"| 005.48%
|-
|style="text-align: left"| {{imagelink|Stone}}
| 50
|style="text-align: left"| 0.04
|style="text-align: left"| 0.0008
| 800
| 16
|style="text-align: left"| 006.67%
|style="text-align: left"| 010.96%
|- class="sortbottom"
|style="text-align: left"| '''Total'''
| —
|style="text-align: left"| 0.6
|style="text-align: center"| —
| 12000
| 146
|style="text-align: left"| 100%
|style="text-align: left"| 100%
|}
The total per 1 scrap is the expected quantity of ''something'', calculated as the sum of expected quantities of the other items (this calculation is valid since they are statistically independent). This is not the same as the probability of getting ''something'', which is 0.468775584950143, calculated as 1 minus the probability of getting nothing, i.e. the product of 1 minus the probability of getting each item. The difference is accounted for by the fact that each craft of the scrap recycling recipe can produce multiple items.

One cargo wagon has 40 slots, so to get 146 slots you need 4 cargo wagons, with 14 left over.

If the holmium ore is converted to holmium solution before being shipped by rail, it will also consume 5% of the ice (as water) and 12.5% of the stone. Per 20,000 scrap this translates to a saving of 4 stacks of holmium ore, 1 stack of ice, and 2 stacks of stone, for a total of 139 stacks, while adding a fluid wagon (holmium solution cannot be barrelled). It produces 10,000 holmium solution before productivity.

If the ice is melted before being shipped out, it will produce a total of 20,000 water. If barrelled, it goes into 400 barrels (40 stacks of barrels) of water, while eliminating 20 stacks of ice, and if fresh barrels are used, they consume 400 steel (4 stacks), thus occupying 14 more stacks than the ice would, for a total of 162 stacks occupied. This is 2 stacks more than will fit in 4 cargo wagons. Alternatively the water can be put in a fluid wagon, which frees up only the 20 stacks taken up by ice, for a total of 126 stacks; this isn't enough to eliminate the fourth wagon, but processing the holmium as well brings it down to 119 stacks and 3 cargo wagons, for a total of 5 wagons (including 2 fluid wagons). Shipping liquid water rather than ice makes it harder to void if you have a surplus, since you have to barrel it first.

In any case, most of the time it just won't be possible to ship processed scrap, because scrap islands don't have the space needed for recyclers, sorting, processing and power in addition to drills and the train stop (that said, you can probably just use filtered inserters and filtered wagon slots rather than actually sorting).

User:Thrawcheld/Primary resources

2025-09-12T01:12:34Z

Thrawcheld: more sources of tungsten ore and scrap

All primary resources (obtainable directly in the world)
{| class="wikitable"
! Resource
! {{NavboxIconLink|Nauvis}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Space platform}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Vulcanus}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Fulgora}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Gleba}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Aquilo}}
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Wood}}
| From trees. Can be farmed after visiting Gleba. Mostly useless after the early game except to craft the [[combat shotgun]].
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| From various plants, largely useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Iron ore}}
| Mined
| Crushing metallic asteroid chunks
| Surface rocks, mostly useless (use molten iron from lava in foundry instead)
| Recycling concrete (from scrap)
| [[Iron bacteria]]
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Copper ore}}
| Mined
| Crushing metallic asteroid chunks (advanced recipes)
| Surface rocks, mostly useless (use molten copper from lava in foundry instead)
| N/A (recycle plates and cables from scrap)
| [[Copper bacteria]]
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Coal}}
| Mined, surface rocks
| Synthesised from carbon and sulfur (from crushing carbonaceous chunks with advanced recipes)
| Mined
| N/A, useless except to make cliff explosives, which would also mean importing calcite
| Synthesised from burnt spoilage and biosulfur
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Stone}}
| Mined, surface rocks
| N/A, useless
| Byproduct of lava processing, surface rocks
| Recycled from [[scrap]], surface rocks
| Mined, stromatolites
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Water}}
| [[Offshore pump]]
| [[Ice melting]] (from crushing oxide chunks)
| [[Steam condensation]] via [[acid neutralisation]] (from mining and pumpjacks)
| [[Ice melting]] (from recycling scrap)
| [[Offshore pump]]
| [[Ice melting]] (via [[ammoniacal solution separation]] and pumpjacks)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Crude oil}}
| [[Pumpjack]]s
| N/A (supply oil products from rockets)
| N/A (use refined oils from [[coal liquefaction]] or the [[Simple coal liquefaction|simplified recipe]])
| N/A (use or crack heavy oil instead)
| N/A (use biochambers to produce oil products instead)
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Heavy oil}}
| Refining crude oil (from pumpjacks) or coal liquefaction (after visiting Vulcanus)
| N/A (supply oil products from rockets)
| [[Simple coal liquefaction]] initially, then possibly [[coal liquefaction]] (from mining)
| Offshore pump
| Coal liquefaction via synthesis (only useful for flamethrower turrets)
| Refining crude oil (from pumpjacks), mostly useless (use ammonia recipes with crude oil or import finished goods)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Uranium ore}}
| Mined (with additional sulfuric acid)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Sulfuric acid}}
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[crude oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from advanced asteroid crushing), [[iron]] and [[water]] (marginally useful)
| [[Pumpjack]]s
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[heavy oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[jellynut]] and [[yumako]] via [[spoilage]] and [[bioflux]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[crude oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lava}}
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Offshore pump]]
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Calcite}}
| N/A
| Crushing oxide asteroid chunks with the advanced recipe
| Mined
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Tungsten ore}}
| N/A
| N/A
| Mined (requires [[big mining drill]]s), surface rocks, demolisher remains
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Scrap}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Mined, Fulgoran ruins
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Jellynut}}
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| [[Jellystem]] (industrially from [[agricultural tower]]s)
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Yumako}}
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| [[Yumako tree]] (industrially from [[agricultural tower]]s
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Spoilage}}
| [[Fish]] spoiling
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Mining various plants; many things spoiling, various plants
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Iron bacteria}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Biochamber (from jellynut and yumako via jelly and cultivated with bioflux), iron stromatolites
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Copper bacteria}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Biochamber (from yumako and jellynut via yumako mash and cultivated with bioflux), copper stromatolites
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ammoniacal solution}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Offshore pump]]
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lithium brine}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Fluorine}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ice platform}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from ice and ammonia)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ice}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from ammoniacal solution)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lithium}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from lithium brine with ammonia and holmium plates)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Metallic asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Carbonic asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Oxide asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|}

User:Thrawcheld/Primary resources

2025-09-12T01:00:38Z

Thrawcheld: refining oil on Aquilo is mostly useless

All primary resources (obtainable directly in the world)
{| class="wikitable"
! Resource
! {{NavboxIconLink|Nauvis}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Space platform}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Vulcanus}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Fulgora}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Gleba}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Aquilo}}
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Wood}}
| From trees. Can be farmed after visiting Gleba. Mostly useless after the early game except to craft the [[combat shotgun]].
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| From various plants, largely useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Iron ore}}
| Mined
| Crushing metallic asteroid chunks
| Surface rocks, mostly useless (use molten iron from lava in foundry instead)
| Recycling concrete (from scrap)
| [[Iron bacteria]]
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Copper ore}}
| Mined
| Crushing metallic asteroid chunks (advanced recipes)
| Surface rocks, mostly useless (use molten copper from lava in foundry instead)
| N/A (recycle plates and cables from scrap)
| [[Copper bacteria]]
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Coal}}
| Mined, surface rocks
| Synthesised from carbon and sulfur (from crushing carbonaceous chunks with advanced recipes)
| Mined
| N/A, useless except to make cliff explosives, which would also mean importing calcite
| Synthesised from burnt spoilage and biosulfur
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Stone}}
| Mined, surface rocks
| N/A, useless
| Byproduct of lava processing, surface rocks
| Recycled from [[scrap]], surface rocks
| Mined, stromatolites
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Water}}
| [[Offshore pump]]
| [[Ice melting]] (from crushing oxide chunks)
| [[Steam condensation]] via [[acid neutralisation]] (from mining and pumpjacks)
| [[Ice melting]] (from recycling scrap)
| [[Offshore pump]]
| [[Ice melting]] (via [[ammoniacal solution separation]] and pumpjacks)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Crude oil}}
| [[Pumpjack]]s
| N/A (supply oil products from rockets)
| N/A (use refined oils from [[coal liquefaction]] or the [[Simple coal liquefaction|simplified recipe]])
| N/A (use or crack heavy oil instead)
| N/A (use biochambers to produce oil products instead)
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Heavy oil}}
| Refining crude oil (from pumpjacks) or coal liquefaction (after visiting Vulcanus)
| N/A (supply oil products from rockets)
| [[Simple coal liquefaction]] initially, then possibly [[coal liquefaction]] (from mining)
| Offshore pump
| Coal liquefaction via synthesis (only useful for flamethrower turrets)
| Refining crude oil (from pumpjacks), mostly useless (use ammonia recipes with crude oil or import finished goods)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Uranium ore}}
| Mined (with additional sulfuric acid)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Sulfuric acid}}
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[crude oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from advanced asteroid crushing), [[iron]] and [[water]] (marginally useful)
| [[Pumpjack]]s
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[heavy oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[jellynut]] and [[yumako]] via [[spoilage]] and [[bioflux]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[crude oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lava}}
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Offshore pump]]
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Calcite}}
| N/A
| Crushing oxide asteroid chunks with the advanced recipe
| Mined
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Tungsten ore}}
| N/A
| N/A
| Mined (requires [[big mining drill]]s)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Scrap}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Mined
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Jellynut}}
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| [[Jellystem]] (industrially from [[agricultural tower]]s)
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Yumako}}
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| [[Yumako tree]] (industrially from [[agricultural tower]]s
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Spoilage}}
| [[Fish]] spoiling
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Mining various plants; many things spoiling, various plants
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Iron bacteria}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Iron stromatolites, iron bacteria recipe
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Copper bacteria}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Copper stromatolites, copper bacteria recipe
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ammoniacal solution}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Offshore pump]]
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lithium brine}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Fluorine}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ice platform}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from ice and ammonia)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ice}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from ammoniacal solution)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lithium}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from lithium brine with ammonia and holmium plates)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Metallic asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Carbonic asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Oxide asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|}

User:Thrawcheld/Primary resources

2025-09-12T00:58:27Z

Thrawcheld: add row for heavy oil

All primary resources (obtainable directly in the world)
{| class="wikitable"
! Resource
! {{NavboxIconLink|Nauvis}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Space platform}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Vulcanus}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Fulgora}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Gleba}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Aquilo}}
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Wood}}
| From trees. Can be farmed after visiting Gleba. Mostly useless after the early game except to craft the [[combat shotgun]].
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| From various plants, largely useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Iron ore}}
| Mined
| Crushing metallic asteroid chunks
| Surface rocks, mostly useless (use molten iron from lava in foundry instead)
| Recycling concrete (from scrap)
| [[Iron bacteria]]
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Copper ore}}
| Mined
| Crushing metallic asteroid chunks (advanced recipes)
| Surface rocks, mostly useless (use molten copper from lava in foundry instead)
| N/A (recycle plates and cables from scrap)
| [[Copper bacteria]]
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Coal}}
| Mined, surface rocks
| Synthesised from carbon and sulfur (from crushing carbonaceous chunks with advanced recipes)
| Mined
| N/A, useless except to make cliff explosives, which would also mean importing calcite
| Synthesised from burnt spoilage and biosulfur
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Stone}}
| Mined, surface rocks
| N/A, useless
| Byproduct of lava processing, surface rocks
| Recycled from [[scrap]], surface rocks
| Mined, stromatolites
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Water}}
| [[Offshore pump]]
| [[Ice melting]] (from crushing oxide chunks)
| [[Steam condensation]] via [[acid neutralisation]] (from mining and pumpjacks)
| [[Ice melting]] (from recycling scrap)
| [[Offshore pump]]
| [[Ice melting]] (via [[ammoniacal solution separation]] and pumpjacks)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Crude oil}}
| [[Pumpjack]]s
| N/A (supply oil products from rockets)
| N/A (use refined oils from [[coal liquefaction]] or the [[Simple coal liquefaction|simplified recipe]])
| N/A (use or crack heavy oil instead)
| N/A (use biochambers to produce oil products instead)
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Heavy oil}}
| Refining crude oil (from pumpjacks) or coal liquefaction (after visiting Vulcanus)
| N/A (supply oil products from rockets)
| [[Simple coal liquefaction]] initially, then possibly [[coal liquefaction]] (from mining)
| Offshore pump
| Coal liquefaction via synthesis (only useful for flamethrower turrets)
| Refining crude oil (from pumpjacks)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Uranium ore}}
| Mined (with additional sulfuric acid)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Sulfuric acid}}
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[crude oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from advanced asteroid crushing), [[iron]] and [[water]] (marginally useful)
| [[Pumpjack]]s
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[heavy oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[jellynut]] and [[yumako]] via [[spoilage]] and [[bioflux]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[crude oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lava}}
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Offshore pump]]
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Calcite}}
| N/A
| Crushing oxide asteroid chunks with the advanced recipe
| Mined
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Tungsten ore}}
| N/A
| N/A
| Mined (requires [[big mining drill]]s)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Scrap}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Mined
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Jellynut}}
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| [[Jellystem]] (industrially from [[agricultural tower]]s)
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Yumako}}
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| [[Yumako tree]] (industrially from [[agricultural tower]]s
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Spoilage}}
| [[Fish]] spoiling
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Mining various plants; many things spoiling, various plants
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Iron bacteria}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Iron stromatolites, iron bacteria recipe
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Copper bacteria}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Copper stromatolites, copper bacteria recipe
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ammoniacal solution}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Offshore pump]]
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lithium brine}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Fluorine}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ice platform}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from ice and ammonia)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ice}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from ammoniacal solution)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lithium}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from lithium brine with ammonia and holmium plates)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Metallic asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Carbonic asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Oxide asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|}

User:Thrawcheld/Primary resources

2025-09-12T00:45:18Z

Thrawcheld: stromatolites yield stone

All primary resources (obtainable directly in the world)
{| class="wikitable"
! Resource
! {{NavboxIconLink|Nauvis}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Space platform}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Vulcanus}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Fulgora}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Gleba}}
! {{NavboxIconLink|Aquilo}}
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Wood}}
| From trees. Can be farmed after visiting Gleba. Mostly useless after the early game except to craft the [[combat shotgun]].
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| From various plants, largely useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Iron ore}}
| Mined
| Crushing metallic asteroid chunks
| Surface rocks, mostly useless (use molten iron from lava in foundry instead)
| Recycling concrete (from scrap)
| [[Iron bacteria]]
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Copper ore}}
| Mined
| Crushing metallic asteroid chunks (advanced recipes)
| Surface rocks, mostly useless (use molten copper from lava in foundry instead)
| N/A (recycle plates and cables from scrap)
| [[Copper bacteria]]
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Coal}}
| Mined, surface rocks
| Synthesised from carbon and sulfur (from crushing carbonaceous chunks with advanced recipes)
| Mined
| N/A, useless except to make cliff explosives, which would also mean importing calcite
| Synthesised from burnt spoilage and biosulfur
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Stone}}
| Mined, surface rocks
| N/A, useless
| Byproduct of lava processing, surface rocks
| Recycled from [[scrap]], surface rocks
| Mined, stromatolites
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Water}}
| [[Offshore pump]]
| [[Ice melting]] (from crushing oxide chunks)
| [[Steam condensation]] via [[acid neutralisation]] (from mining and pumpjacks)
| [[Ice melting]] (from recycling scrap)
| [[Offshore pump]]
| [[Ice melting]] (via [[ammoniacal solution separation]] and pumpjacks)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Crude oil}}
| [[Pumpjack]]s
| N/A (supply oil products from rockets)
| N/A (use refined oils from [[coal liquefaction]] or the [[Simple coal liquefaction|simplified recipe]])
| N/A (use or crack heavy oil instead)
| N/A (use biochambers to produce oil products instead)
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Uranium ore}}
| Mined (with additional sulfuric acid)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Sulfuric acid}}
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[crude oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from advanced asteroid crushing), [[iron]] and [[water]] (marginally useful)
| [[Pumpjack]]s
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[heavy oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[jellynut]] and [[yumako]] via [[spoilage]] and [[bioflux]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
| Refined from [[sulfur]] (from [[crude oil]] via [[petroleum gas]]), [[iron plate]]s and [[water]]
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lava}}
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Offshore pump]]
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Calcite}}
| N/A
| Crushing oxide asteroid chunks with the advanced recipe
| Mined
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Tungsten ore}}
| N/A
| N/A
| Mined (requires [[big mining drill]]s)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Scrap}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Mined
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Jellynut}}
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| [[Jellystem]] (industrially from [[agricultural tower]]s)
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Yumako}}
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| [[Yumako tree]] (industrially from [[agricultural tower]]s
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Spoilage}}
| [[Fish]] spoiling
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Mining various plants; many things spoiling, various plants
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Iron bacteria}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Iron stromatolites, iron bacteria recipe
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Copper bacteria}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Copper stromatolites, copper bacteria recipe
| N/A
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ammoniacal solution}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Offshore pump]]
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lithium brine}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Fluorine}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| [[Pumpjack]]s
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ice platform}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from ice and ammonia)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Ice}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from ammoniacal solution)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Lithium}}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Lithium ice formations (crafted from lithium brine with ammonia and holmium plates)
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Metallic asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Carbonic asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|-
| {{NavboxIconLink|Oxide asteroid chunk}}
| N/A, useless
| [[Asteroid collector]]s
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
| N/A, useless
|}

Worker robot speed (research)

2025-09-06T16:13:23Z

Thrawcheld: /* Speed versus range */ robot quality has a large impact on range

{{Languages}}{{:Infobox:Worker robot speed (research)}}
The '''Worker robot speed''' bonus applies to [[logistic robot]]s and [[construction robot]]s.
The basic speed of logistic robots is 0.05 tiles/tick (3 tiles per second) and for construction robots 0.06 tiles/tick (3.6 tiles per second) when they have enough power. The worker robot speed research also increases the speed at which robots move when out of power, as this is defined as 20% of the current normal travel speed.

{| class="wikitable"
! Technology !! Cost !! Effects !! Cumulative effect
|-
| {{Icontech|Worker robot speed (research)|1}} Worker robot speed 1 || {{Icon|Time|30}} {{Icon|Automation science pack|1}} {{Icon|Logistic science pack|1}} {{Icon|Chemical science pack|1}} ✖ <big>50</big> || 35% || 35%
|-
| {{Icontech|Worker robot speed (research)|2}} Worker robot speed 2 || {{Icon|Time|30}} {{Icon|Automation science pack|1}} {{Icon|Logistic science pack|1}} {{Icon|Chemical science pack|1}} ✖ <big>100</big> || 40% || 75%
|-
| {{Icontech|Worker robot speed (research)|3}} Worker robot speed 3 || {{Icon|Time|60}} {{Icon|Automation science pack|1}} {{Icon|Logistic science pack|1}} {{Icon|Chemical science pack|1}} {{Icon|Utility science pack|1}} ✖ <big>150</big> || 45% || 120%
|-
| {{Icontech|Worker robot speed (research)|4}} Worker robot speed 4 || {{Icon|Time|60}} {{Icon|Automation science pack|1}} {{Icon|Logistic science pack|1}} {{Icon|Chemical science pack|1}} {{Icon|Utility science pack|1}} ✖ <big>250</big> || 55% || 175%
|-
| {{Icontech|Worker robot speed (research)|5}} Worker robot speed 5 || {{Icon|Time|60}} {{Icon|Automation science pack|1}} {{Icon|Logistic science pack|1}} {{Icon|Chemical science pack|1}} {{Icon|Production science pack|1}} {{Icon|Utility science pack|1}} ✖ <big>500</big> || 65% || 240%
|-
| {{Icontech|Worker robot speed (research)|6-∞}} Worker robot speed 6-∞ || {{Icon|Time|60}} {{Icon|Automation science pack|1}} {{Icon|Logistic science pack|1}} {{Icon|Chemical science pack|1}} {{Icon|Production science pack|1}} {{Icon|Utility science pack|1}} {{Icon|Space science pack|1}} ✖ <big>{{Key|2^(Level-6)*1000}}</big> (eg. 1000 for level 6, 2000 for level 7, 4000 for level 8) || 65% per level || 240% + {{Key|65%*(Level-5)}}
|}

For [[Space Age]], non-infinite worker robot speed stops at level 6 (with the same cost as computed above), with infinite speed upgrades from there adding [[electromagnetic science pack]]s:

{| class="wikitable"
! Technology !! Cost !! Effects !! Cumulative effect
|-
| {{Icontech|Worker robot speed (research)|7-∞}} Worker robot speed 7-∞ || {{Icon|Time|60}} {{Icon|Automation science pack|1}} {{Icon|Logistic science pack|1}} {{Icon|Chemical science pack|1}} {{Icon|Production science pack|1}} {{Icon|Utility science pack|1}} {{Icon|Space science pack|1}} {{Icon|Electromagnetic science pack|1}} ✖ <big>{{Key|2^(Level-6)*1000}}</big> (eg. 2000 for level 7, 4000 for level 8) || 65% per level || 240% + {{Key|65%*(Level-5)}}
|}

== Speed versus range ==
Players should note that the Worker robot speed research does not significantly increase the distance robots (of either type) can fly before needing to recharge.

Both types of robots have an internal capacitor holding 1.5 MJ at full charge, and consume 3 kW (= 3 kJ / sec) at all times when airborne (hovering or moving), plus 5 kJ per "meter" (= 1 tile) traveled.

While increasing robot speed means they cover the same distance faster, and therefore the time-based power cost component is less over that distance, a simple calculation shows that the distance-based component far exceeds the time-based one, and this discrepancy only increases with higher robot speed, making range gains from this effect increasingly trivial with further robot speed research.

For example, the first level of Worker robot speed adds less than 5% range; level 5 adds only about 1% range (a bit over 10% cumulative); and level 10 (= 5th "infinite" level) adds about 0.3% range for a cumulative increase for the 10 first levels of about 15% (from ~250 to ~290 tiles). Note that these range figures are based on the assumption robots spend all time airborne moving, none hovering.

Range is, however, greatly increased with higher [[quality]]{{SA}} robots: for example, uncommon robots have twice the energy capacity as normal quality ones.

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{TechNav}}

Achievements

2025-09-06T13:27:07Z

Thrawcheld: /* List of base game achievements */ merge notes for "mass production" achievements

{{Languages}}
'''Achievements''' are given to the player when certain events happen or criteria is fulfilled. Some achievements are meant to make the player feel invested in the game. Others are meant to guide the player to use different strategies and optional game mechanics. Achievements are available in both the [http://store.steampowered.com/app/427520/ Steam] and standalone versions. There are 88 achievements available: 59 in the base game, and an additional 29 when using [[Space Age]]{{SA}}.

== Disabling achievements ==
[[File:achievement_list.png|thumb|200px|right|Achievement list in-game.]]Achievements can only be unlocked in the default game mode, called ''Freeplay''. Any scenarios, such as the [[tutorial]] or [[scenario system|custom scenarios]] disable achievements. Furthermore, using script or cheat commands in the [[Console#Scripting_and_cheat_commands|console]] disables achievements, however the user will be warned about this the first time they try to run such a command. Within the freeplay game, changing any enemy or pollution settings to anything lower than default disables the following achievements, and will warn the player of this before they start the game:
* There is no spoon
* No time for chitchat
* Raining bullets
* Steam all the way
* Keeping your hands clean
* It stinks and they don't like it
* It stinks and they do like it{{SA}}
* Get off my lawn{{SA}}
* Work around the clock{{SA}}
* Express delivery{{SA}}

Any other changes to map generation or using the [[debug mode]]s does not disable achievements.

A separate instance of achievements will be used when mods are installed and earned achievements will not register with Steam. In multiplayer, achievements can only be earned if the player has spent more than 50% of the time online on the map where the achievement is being awarded.

Re-enabling achievements again can be achieved by editing the binary data of a save. ([https://forums.factorio.com/58077 reference])

== List of base game achievements ==
The search function of a browser may be used to find a specific achievement faster. This is usually {{keybinding|Ctrl|F}}


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="min-width:350px" | Achievement !! Notes !! Trivia
|-
| {{Achievement|automate-this}}
| If placing an assembling machine 1 is bypassed by handcrafting and only a [[assembling machine 2]] is placed, placing that assembler will ''not'' unlock this achievement.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|getting-on-track}}
| The locomotive must be placed on [[rail]]s, not just crafted.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|arachnophilia}}
| Here "build" means to ''place'' the spidertron, simply crafting it does not unlock this achievement.
| Arachnophilia means "love of spiders".
|-
| {{Achievement|eco-unfriendly}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|steam-power}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|solar-power}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|nuclear-power}}
| This achievement checks that a [[steam turbine]] produced power. Beforehand, a [[nuclear reactor]] needs to be built and a [[uranium fuel cell]] consumed, as well as a [[depleted uranium fuel cell]] produced. These various conditions can be unrelated, meaning the steam turbine does not need to be consuming steam that was produced with the help of a nuclear reactor.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|crafting-with-speed}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|crafting-with-efficiency}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|crafting-with-productivity}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|smoke-me-a-kipper-i-will-be-back-for-breakfast}}
|
| This line was spoken by Ace Rimmer from the British sci-fi comedy show ''Red Dwarf''.
|-
| {{Achievement|it-stinks-and-they-dont-like-it}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|The line "He stinks and I don't like him" was spoken by comedian Jim Norton in the 2002 film Spider-Man. It became a regular sound drop on the radio program Opie and Anthony, where Norton was third mic.
|-
| {{Achievement|automated-construction}}
| Almost anything counts as "machines" placed, including e.g. belts. [[Tile]]s do not count.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|you-are-doing-it-right}}
| Almost anything counts as "machines" placed, including e.g. belts. Tiles do not count.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|automated-cleanup}}
| Tiles also count.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|you-have-got-a-package}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|delivery-service}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|trans-factorio-express}}
|
| Refers to the ''Trans-Europ Express'', an international passenger railway company that served west and central Europe from 1957 to 1995.
|-
| {{Achievement|watch-your-step}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|golem}}
| It is possible to get this achievement by getting hit by a moving locomotive, while having a sufficient amount of energy shields.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|mining-with-determination}}
| The actual condition is a check each time a tile is exhausted, that there are no ore tiles left within 12 tiles. [https://forums.factorio.com/126207]
|
|-
| {{Achievement|getting-on-track-like-a-pro}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|mass-production-1}}
| rowspan="3" | The number of circuits manufactured towards the Mass production 1, 2 and 3 achievements are accumulated across different maps. They do not have to be made on a single map.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|mass-production-2}}
|
|-
| {{Achievement|mass-production-3}}
|
|-
| {{Achievement|circuit-veteran-1}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|circuit-veteran-2}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|circuit-veteran-3}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|computer-age-1}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|computer-age-2}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|computer-age-3}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|iron-throne-1}}
|
| rowspan=3 | These three achievements refer to the Iron Throne, a large throne made from swords fused together with dragonfire in the fantasy novel series ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' and its TV adaptation ''Game of Thrones''.
|-
| {{Achievement|iron-throne-2}}
|
|-
| {{Achievement|iron-throne-3}}
|
|-
| {{Achievement|solaris}}
| The electric network may not have any electricity producers besides solar panels connected to that particular network.
10 GJ over an hour is equivalent to a constant production of 10GJ ÷ (60 × 60s) = 2778kW. With the day-night cycle, a solar panel on Nauvis produces 42 kW on average. So in theory just 67 solar panels are enough to gain the achievement, if the produced power is consumed.
| ''Solaris'' is a 1961 philosophical sci-fi novel written by Stanisław Lem, as well as the name of Sun Microsystems' Unix-based computer operating system.
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-automation}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-logistics}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-chemicals}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-military}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-production}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-utility}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-space}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|tech-maniac}}
| Completing infinite technologies of any level is not required. All non-infinite levels of technologies that have infinite continuations are still required (for example, it requires only the first 6 levels of [[physical projectile damage (research)|physical projectile damage]]). The achievement's condition is checked when any technology (finite or infinite) is researched.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|pest-control}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|steamrolled}}
| "Destroy by impact" means driving into them with a [[car]] or [[tank]]. Note spawner health is larger with higher [[evolution]].
| 'Steamroll' generally refers to a multiplayer match in which one team is performing significantly better than the other.
|-
| {{Achievement|pyromaniac}}
| All [[Gleba]] plants count as trees for this achievement.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|run-forrest-run}}
| "Destroy by impact" means driving into them with a [[car]] or [[tank]].
| This line was spoken by Jenny Curran in the 1994 drama film ''Forrest Gump''.
|-
| {{Achievement|terraformer}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|destroyer-of-worlds}}
|
| A variation of a quote from physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer upon his invention of the atomic bomb.
|-
| {{Achievement|minions}}
| This achievement requires follower robot count level 7 for a total of 100 robots. In the base game (i.e. without Space Age), 3 rocket launches are needed to obtain the space science packs to get the 3,000 space science needed to research level 7.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|art-of-siege}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|keeping-your-hands-clean}}
| This achievement can no longer be unlocked if the first [[Enemies#Nests|spawner or egg raft]] is destroyed in any way but with artillery. Killing Nauvis worms is allowed.
A possible strategy to neutralize spawners without destroying them is to block enemy spawning by placing structures around spawners.[https://forums.factorio.com/128208]

In Space Age, the [[pentapod egg]]s required for [[biochamber]]s can be obtained from [[stompers|stomper]] shells, so no egg rafts need to be destroyed.
<hr/> Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|lazy-bastard}}
| In multiplayer, the crafts of all players are counted towards this achievement. The minimum amount of items crafted by hand is 101 if the player uses the stone furnace in the starting inventory to craft the boiler necessary to power a lab for the [[automation (research)]].
|
|-
| {{Achievement|steam-all-the-way}}
| Only ''placing'' solar panels breaks the requirement of this achievement, simply crafting solar panels does not disqualify the player from earning the achievement. <hr/> Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|raining-bullets}}
| Only ''placing'' laser turrets breaks the requirement of this achievement, simply crafting them does not disqualify the player from earning the achievement. <hr/> Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|logistic-network-embargo}}
| Only ''placing'' the chests breaks the requirement of this achievement, simply crafting them does not disqualify the player from earning the achievement.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|no-time-for-chitchat}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|there-is-no-spoon}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
| This line was spoken by Spoon Boy in the 1999 sci-fi action film ''The Matrix''.
|-
| {{Achievement|so-long-and-thanks-for-all-the-fish}}
| {{spoiler|button-text=Spoiler! Click to view.|message=Send a [[raw fish]] into space via [[rocket silo|rocket]].}}
| The last message left by the dolphins before leaving Earth in ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy''. Also the name of the fourth book in the series.
|}

== List of Space Age expansion achievements ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="min-width:350px" | Achievement !! Notes !! Trivia
|-
| {{Achievement|fusion-power}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|reach-for-the-stars}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|visit-fulgora}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|visit-gleba}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|visit-vulcanus}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|visit-aquilo}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|make-it-better}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|second-star-to-the-right-and-straight-on-till-morning}}
| {{spoiler|button-text=Spoiler! Click to view.|message=Travel to or past the Solar System Edge.}}
| The directions to the island of Never Land, as told in the various adaptations of the character Peter Pan
Also the last order Captain Kirk gives to the Enterprise in ''Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country''
|-
| {{Achievement|it-stinks-and-they-do-like-it}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
Spores are affected by the pollution map settings, disabling pollution when generating the map will prevent you from earning this achievement.
| A play on name of the similar Nauvis achievement "It stinks and they don't like it".
|-
| {{Achievement|get-off-my-lawn}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
| Quote from Gran Torino movie.
|-
| {{Achievement|shattered-planet-1}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|shattered-planet-2}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|shattered-planet-3}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-metallurgics}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-agriculture}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-electromagnetics}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-cryogenics}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-promethium}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|rush-to-space}}
| This achievement becomes disabled if you finish researching [[Production_science_pack_(research)|production science]] or [[Utility_science_pack_(research)|utility science]]
|
|-
| {{Achievement|if-it-bleeds}}
|
| Arnold Schwarzenegger quote from Predator (1987) movie.
|-
| {{Achievement|we-need-bigger-guns}}
|
| Quote from Split Second movie.
|-
| {{Achievement|size-doesnt-matter}}
|
| Wink wink.
|-
| {{Achievement|look-at-my-shiny-rare-armor}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|todays-fish-is-trout-a-la-creme}}
|
| This line was spoken by a machine dispensing said fish in the British sci-fi comedy show ''Red Dwarf.''
|-
| {{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|no-room-for-more}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|work-around-the-clock}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings. {{spoiler|button-text=Spoiler! Click to view.|message=Travel to or past the Solar System Edge.}}
|
|-
| {{Achievement|express-delivery}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings. {{spoiler|button-text=Spoiler! Click to view.|message=Travel to or past the Solar System Edge.}}
|
|}

== History ==
{{History|2.0.46|
* New achievement limitations won't affect saves started before the version 2.0.45.
* Added a confirm dialog informing about which achievements will be disabled with the current map settings when starting a new game.
* Some achievements are also disabled when Gleba enemies are set to be lower.
}}

{{History|2.0.45|
* Fixed that the achievements checks of map startup difficulty settings didn't check for pollution, expansion settings, starting area and trees.
}}

{{History|2.0.31|
* Disabled achievements "It stinks and they don't like it", "It stinks and they do like it", and "Get off my lawn" in peaceful mode and no enemies mode.
}}

{{History|2.0.9|
* Logistic network embargo achievement updated with different condition for base game and [[space age]]{{SA}}.
}}

{{History|2.0.7|
* Added new achievements.
}}

{{History|0.13.0|
* Introduced.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Console]]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-125 Friday Facts #125 - Achievements]

{{C|Main}}

Talk:Achievements

2025-09-06T13:03:19Z

Thrawcheld: /* What is a "map"? */ new section

== "Solaris" achievement notes ==
The description for the Solaris achievement says "The electric network may not have any electricity producers besides solar panels connected to it." I'm not sure if it is entirely correct: I had backup coal power when I got that achievement, though it probably was automatically disconnected by [[power switch]]es because my batteries stopped discharging below 40%. --[[User:Evg-zhabotinsky|Evg-zhabotinsky]] ([[User talk:Evg-zhabotinsky|talk]]) 19:37, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
: The page is correct. -- [[User:Bilka|Bilka]] ([[User talk:Bilka|talk]]) - Admin 15:46, 19 January 2021 (UTC)

== Map generation settings that disable achievements ==

Currently, the phrase "setting enemy bases to anything lower than default" is used in a couple of places on the page, but this phrasing is not correct. You -can- disable enemy expansion and evolution and still get all achievements. You can also disable pollution except maybe for the "it stinks" achievements which becomes impossible for technical reasons.
I'm removing the phrasing across the page, since it is misleading. --[[User:Zaz|Zaz]] ([[User talk:Zaz|talk]]) 10:09, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
: Hey, I added this back with slightly altered text because it is about the setting literally labeled "enemy bases", not about other enemy related settings. That setting still disables achievements, like in 1.1. -- [[User:Bilka|Bilka]] ([[User talk:Bilka|talk]]) - Admin 14:38, 27 January 2025 (UTC)

== The criteria for completing the DLC ==

Could someone that knows the details about what triggers "express delivery", "work around the clock", and "second star" add explanations for those under the spoiler tags? It currently just says "the criteria for completing the dlc" which is useless. I cant do it myself because i do not know and i dont want to be spoiled. --[[User:Zaz|Zaz]] ([[User talk:Zaz|talk]]) 10:33, 2 November 2024 (UTC)

== "Nuclear power" achievement conditions ==

I'm inexperienced, but looking at the lua code for it, it seems like you need to have: built a nuclear reactor, put nuclear fuel cells in a reactor, and generated power in a steam turbine, not necessarily in that order or connected. I personally got it with acid neutralization on Vulcanus. It might be good to specify this on the page. --[[User:Benseer|Benseer]] ([[User talk:Benseer|talk]]) 15:25, 16 December 2024 (UTC)

== What is a "map"? ==

The table states: "The number of circuits manufactured towards the Mass production 1, 2 and 3 achievements are accumulated across different maps. They do not have to be made on a single map." What is "map" here? The game doesn't use that word anywhere, rather it refers to ''surfaces''. In Space Age there is one surface for each planet and each space platform, whereas in the base game there is only one surface, so the statement seems meaningless. Maybe it refers to different playthroughs? But as far as I'm aware, achievements only track progress in each playthrough. [[User:Thrawcheld|Thrawcheld]] ([[User talk:Thrawcheld|talk]]) 13:03, 6 September 2025 (UTC)

Achievements

2025-09-06T12:50:42Z

Thrawcheld: /* List of base game achievements */ rm spurious empty 4th column

{{Languages}}
'''Achievements''' are given to the player when certain events happen or criteria is fulfilled. Some achievements are meant to make the player feel invested in the game. Others are meant to guide the player to use different strategies and optional game mechanics. Achievements are available in both the [http://store.steampowered.com/app/427520/ Steam] and standalone versions. There are 88 achievements available: 59 in the base game, and an additional 29 when using [[Space Age]]{{SA}}.

== Disabling achievements ==
[[File:achievement_list.png|thumb|200px|right|Achievement list in-game.]]Achievements can only be unlocked in the default game mode, called ''Freeplay''. Any scenarios, such as the [[tutorial]] or [[scenario system|custom scenarios]] disable achievements. Furthermore, using script or cheat commands in the [[Console#Scripting_and_cheat_commands|console]] disables achievements, however the user will be warned about this the first time they try to run such a command. Within the freeplay game, changing any enemy or pollution settings to anything lower than default disables the following achievements, and will warn the player of this before they start the game:
* There is no spoon
* No time for chitchat
* Raining bullets
* Steam all the way
* Keeping your hands clean
* It stinks and they don't like it
* It stinks and they do like it{{SA}}
* Get off my lawn{{SA}}
* Work around the clock{{SA}}
* Express delivery{{SA}}

Any other changes to map generation or using the [[debug mode]]s does not disable achievements.

A separate instance of achievements will be used when mods are installed and earned achievements will not register with Steam. In multiplayer, achievements can only be earned if the player has spent more than 50% of the time online on the map where the achievement is being awarded.

Re-enabling achievements again can be achieved by editing the binary data of a save. ([https://forums.factorio.com/58077 reference])

== List of base game achievements ==
The search function of a browser may be used to find a specific achievement faster. This is usually {{keybinding|Ctrl|F}}


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="min-width:350px" | Achievement !! Notes !! Trivia
|-
| {{Achievement|automate-this}}
| If placing an assembling machine 1 is bypassed by handcrafting and only a [[assembling machine 2]] is placed, placing that assembler will ''not'' unlock this achievement.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|getting-on-track}}
| The locomotive must be placed on [[rail]]s, not just crafted.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|arachnophilia}}
| Here "build" means to ''place'' the spidertron, simply crafting it does not unlock this achievement.
| Arachnophilia means "love of spiders".
|-
| {{Achievement|eco-unfriendly}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|steam-power}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|solar-power}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|nuclear-power}}
| This achievement checks that a [[steam turbine]] produced power. Beforehand, a [[nuclear reactor]] needs to be built and a [[uranium fuel cell]] consumed, as well as a [[depleted uranium fuel cell]] produced. These various conditions can be unrelated, meaning the steam turbine does not need to be consuming steam that was produced with the help of a nuclear reactor.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|crafting-with-speed}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|crafting-with-efficiency}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|crafting-with-productivity}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|smoke-me-a-kipper-i-will-be-back-for-breakfast}}
|
| This line was spoken by Ace Rimmer from the British sci-fi comedy show ''Red Dwarf''.
|-
| {{Achievement|it-stinks-and-they-dont-like-it}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|The line "He stinks and I don't like him" was spoken by comedian Jim Norton in the 2002 film Spider-Man. It became a regular sound drop on the radio program Opie and Anthony, where Norton was third mic.
|-
| {{Achievement|automated-construction}}
| Almost anything counts as "machines" placed, including e.g. belts. [[Tile]]s do not count.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|you-are-doing-it-right}}
| Almost anything counts as "machines" placed, including e.g. belts. Tiles do not count.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|automated-cleanup}}
| Tiles also count.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|you-have-got-a-package}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|delivery-service}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|trans-factorio-express}}
|
| Refers to the ''Trans-Europ Express'', an international passenger railway company that served west and central Europe from 1957 to 1995.
|-
| {{Achievement|watch-your-step}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|golem}}
| It is possible to get this achievement by getting hit by a moving locomotive, while having a sufficient amount of energy shields.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|mining-with-determination}}
| The actual condition is a check each time a tile is exhausted, that there are no ore tiles left within 12 tiles. [https://forums.factorio.com/126207]
|
|-
| {{Achievement|getting-on-track-like-a-pro}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|mass-production-1}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|mass-production-2}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|mass-production-3}}
| The number of circuits manufactured towards the Mass production 1, 2 and 3 achievements are accumulated across different maps. They do not have to be made on a single map.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|circuit-veteran-1}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|circuit-veteran-2}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|circuit-veteran-3}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|computer-age-1}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|computer-age-2}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|computer-age-3}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|iron-throne-1}}
|
| rowspan=3 | These three achievements refer to the Iron Throne, a large throne made from swords fused together with dragonfire in the fantasy novel series ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' and its TV adaptation ''Game of Thrones''.
|-
| {{Achievement|iron-throne-2}}
|
|-
| {{Achievement|iron-throne-3}}
|
|-
| {{Achievement|solaris}}
| The electric network may not have any electricity producers besides solar panels connected to that particular network.
10 GJ over an hour is equivalent to a constant production of 10GJ ÷ (60 × 60s) = 2778kW. With the day-night cycle, a solar panel on Nauvis produces 42 kW on average. So in theory just 67 solar panels are enough to gain the achievement, if the produced power is consumed.
| ''Solaris'' is a 1961 philosophical sci-fi novel written by Stanisław Lem, as well as the name of Sun Microsystems' Unix-based computer operating system.
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-automation}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-logistics}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-chemicals}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-military}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-production}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-utility}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-space}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|tech-maniac}}
| Completing infinite technologies of any level is not required. All non-infinite levels of technologies that have infinite continuations are still required (for example, it requires only the first 6 levels of [[physical projectile damage (research)|physical projectile damage]]). The achievement's condition is checked when any technology (finite or infinite) is researched.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|pest-control}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|steamrolled}}
| "Destroy by impact" means driving into them with a [[car]] or [[tank]]. Note spawner health is larger with higher [[evolution]].
| 'Steamroll' generally refers to a multiplayer match in which one team is performing significantly better than the other.
|-
| {{Achievement|pyromaniac}}
| All [[Gleba]] plants count as trees for this achievement.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|run-forrest-run}}
| "Destroy by impact" means driving into them with a [[car]] or [[tank]].
| This line was spoken by Jenny Curran in the 1994 drama film ''Forrest Gump''.
|-
| {{Achievement|terraformer}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|destroyer-of-worlds}}
|
| A variation of a quote from physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer upon his invention of the atomic bomb.
|-
| {{Achievement|minions}}
| This achievement requires follower robot count level 7 for a total of 100 robots. In the base game (i.e. without Space Age), 3 rocket launches are needed to obtain the space science packs to get the 3,000 space science needed to research level 7.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|art-of-siege}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|keeping-your-hands-clean}}
| This achievement can no longer be unlocked if the first [[Enemies#Nests|spawner or egg raft]] is destroyed in any way but with artillery. Killing Nauvis worms is allowed.
A possible strategy to neutralize spawners without destroying them is to block enemy spawning by placing structures around spawners.[https://forums.factorio.com/128208]

In Space Age, the [[pentapod egg]]s required for [[biochamber]]s can be obtained from [[stompers|stomper]] shells, so no egg rafts need to be destroyed.
<hr/> Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|lazy-bastard}}
| In multiplayer, the crafts of all players are counted towards this achievement. The minimum amount of items crafted by hand is 101 if the player uses the stone furnace in the starting inventory to craft the boiler necessary to power a lab for the [[automation (research)]].
|
|-
| {{Achievement|steam-all-the-way}}
| Only ''placing'' solar panels breaks the requirement of this achievement, simply crafting solar panels does not disqualify the player from earning the achievement. <hr/> Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|raining-bullets}}
| Only ''placing'' laser turrets breaks the requirement of this achievement, simply crafting them does not disqualify the player from earning the achievement. <hr/> Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|logistic-network-embargo}}
| Only ''placing'' the chests breaks the requirement of this achievement, simply crafting them does not disqualify the player from earning the achievement.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|no-time-for-chitchat}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
|
|-
| {{Achievement|there-is-no-spoon}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
| This line was spoken by Spoon Boy in the 1999 sci-fi action film ''The Matrix''.
|-
| {{Achievement|so-long-and-thanks-for-all-the-fish}}
| {{spoiler|button-text=Spoiler! Click to view.|message=Send a [[raw fish]] into space via [[rocket silo|rocket]].}}
| The last message left by the dolphins before leaving Earth in ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy''. Also the name of the fourth book in the series.
|}

== List of Space Age expansion achievements ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="min-width:350px" | Achievement !! Notes !! Trivia
|-
| {{Achievement|fusion-power}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|reach-for-the-stars}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|visit-fulgora}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|visit-gleba}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|visit-vulcanus}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|visit-aquilo}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|make-it-better}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|second-star-to-the-right-and-straight-on-till-morning}}
| {{spoiler|button-text=Spoiler! Click to view.|message=Travel to or past the Solar System Edge.}}
| The directions to the island of Never Land, as told in the various adaptations of the character Peter Pan
Also the last order Captain Kirk gives to the Enterprise in ''Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country''
|-
| {{Achievement|it-stinks-and-they-do-like-it}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
Spores are affected by the pollution map settings, disabling pollution when generating the map will prevent you from earning this achievement.
| A play on name of the similar Nauvis achievement "It stinks and they don't like it".
|-
| {{Achievement|get-off-my-lawn}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings.
| Quote from Gran Torino movie.
|-
| {{Achievement|shattered-planet-1}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|shattered-planet-2}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|shattered-planet-3}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-metallurgics}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-agriculture}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-electromagnetics}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-cryogenics}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|research-with-promethium}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|rush-to-space}}
| This achievement becomes disabled if you finish researching [[Production_science_pack_(research)|production science]] or [[Utility_science_pack_(research)|utility science]]
|
|-
| {{Achievement|if-it-bleeds}}
|
| Arnold Schwarzenegger quote from Predator (1987) movie.
|-
| {{Achievement|we-need-bigger-guns}}
|
| Quote from Split Second movie.
|-
| {{Achievement|size-doesnt-matter}}
|
| Wink wink.
|-
| {{Achievement|look-at-my-shiny-rare-armor}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|todays-fish-is-trout-a-la-creme}}
|
| This line was spoken by a machine dispensing said fish in the British sci-fi comedy show ''Red Dwarf.''
|-
| {{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|no-room-for-more}}
|
|
|-
| {{Achievement|work-around-the-clock}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings. {{spoiler|button-text=Spoiler! Click to view.|message=Travel to or past the Solar System Edge.}}
|
|-
| {{Achievement|express-delivery}}
| Disabled when using no enemies, peaceful mode or lower than default enemy base frequency or size settings. {{spoiler|button-text=Spoiler! Click to view.|message=Travel to or past the Solar System Edge.}}
|
|}

== History ==
{{History|2.0.46|
* New achievement limitations won't affect saves started before the version 2.0.45.
* Added a confirm dialog informing about which achievements will be disabled with the current map settings when starting a new game.
* Some achievements are also disabled when Gleba enemies are set to be lower.
}}

{{History|2.0.45|
* Fixed that the achievements checks of map startup difficulty settings didn't check for pollution, expansion settings, starting area and trees.
}}

{{History|2.0.31|
* Disabled achievements "It stinks and they don't like it", "It stinks and they do like it", and "Get off my lawn" in peaceful mode and no enemies mode.
}}

{{History|2.0.9|
* Logistic network embargo achievement updated with different condition for base game and [[space age]]{{SA}}.
}}

{{History|2.0.7|
* Added new achievements.
}}

{{History|0.13.0|
* Introduced.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Console]]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-125 Friday Facts #125 - Achievements]

{{C|Main}}

Aquilo

2025-08-28T20:29:34Z

Thrawcheld: /* Notes */ capitalisation

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:aquilo_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Aquilo''' is a desolate, freezing ocean [[planet]]. Its surface consists solely of a vast ocean of liquid ammonia, with the occasional floating iceberg.

Progression wise, Aquilo is meant to be visited after establishing factories on all the previous planets. [[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] requires [[rocket turret]]s, [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]], and [[heating tower]]s from Gleba, [[Asteroid reprocessing (research)]] from [[Vulcanus]], and [[Electromagnetic science pack (research)]] from [[Fulgora]].

[[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-aquilo}}

== Exclusive items ==
The following items have recipes with an explicit restriction that they can only be crafted on Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion generator|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Quantum processor|space-age=yes}} (can also be crafted on [[space platform]]s)

The following fluids are extracted from or produced on Aquilo and cannot be [[barrel|barrelled]] for transport elsewhere, making them exclusive to Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Ammoniacal solution|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fluorine|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Lithium brine|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Ammonia|space-age=yes}}

Because the above fluids cannot be taken off of Aquilo, any recipe that directly consumes them is de-facto exclusive to Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Fluoroketone (hot)|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Lithium|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion power cell|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Solid fuel from ammonia|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Ammonia rocket fuel|space-age=yes}}

The following can be crafted elsewhere, but are unlocked on Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Fluoroketone (cold)|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Lithium plate|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Foundation|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun turret|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun ammo|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Portable fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Promethium science pack|space-age=yes}}

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Aquilo Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || None
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 20 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 10
|-
| Solar Power || 01%
|-
| Pressure || 300
|-
| Gravity || 15
|-
| Robot energy usage || 500%
|}

=== Natural resources ===
In terms of directly exploitable natural resources, Aquilo has:
* [[Ammoniacal solution]]{{SA}} (via [[offshore pump]] on the edge of the ammoniacal seas)
* [[Lithium brine]]{{SA}} (via [[pumpjack]])
* [[Fluorine]]{{SA}} (via pumpjack)
* [[Crude oil]] (via pumpjack)

Limited amounts of [[lithium]], [[ice]], and [[ice platform]] can be gathered from [[lithium ice formation]]s, but are otherwise crafted.

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] can be obtained via [[ammoniacal solution separation]] and [[ice melting]]
* [[Stone]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Iron ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Copper ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Coal]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Crude oil]] can be obtained using pumpjacks as normal

== Mechanics ==

The starting area on Aquilo is a relatively small patch of snow and ice terrain. Beyond this small platform are the vast ammoniacal seas, which have small dots of icey terrain in them, usually around [[crude_oil|crude oil]], [[fluorine]]{{SA}}, or [[lithium_brine|lithium brine]]{{SA}} resource geysers. Aquilo is notable for having nothing to drill with any kind of miner. All natural resources, spare the [[lithium ice formation]]s, are gathered either by an [[offshore pump]] or [[pumpjack]]. Bases on Aquilo will be reliant on regularly shipping in resources from other planets.

=== Ice terrain ===

On Aquilo, most terrain must be constructed, but [[landfill]] and [[foundation]]{{SA}} are no help. Instead, you must use [[ice platform]]s{{SA}}. These platforms are created by first using [[ammoniacal solution separation]]{{SA}} to make [[ice]]{{SA}} and [[ammonia]]{{SA}}, then re-combining those into a platform that can be placed on the ocean like [[landfill]]. (This production chain produces a surplus of ammonia, which unlike solid byproducts cannot be dumped or recycled away; it must be either manually emptied from storage from time to time or consumed by some other recipe.)

Snowy terrain can be built on directly, but on any kind of ice terrain or ice platform, most buildings will require an insulating floor of [[concrete]] tiles or derivatives before they can be placed. [[Stone brick]]s cannot be used to pave ice.

=== Freezing ===
Aquilo is brutally cold. The harsh ambient temperatures drain the energy from any airborne [[construction robot|construction robots]] and [[logistic robot|logistic robots]], making them consume 5 times more power than normal. Most buildings will freeze and stop working unless heated by a [[heat pipe]] or heat generator. Heat can be generated by the [[nuclear reactor]] or [[heating tower]]{{SA}}.

Once a building is adjacent to a heat source above 30°C, it will consume heat energy to maintain its state, reducing the energy (and temperature) in the heat source. Different entities consume different amounts of heat to prevent freezing.

===Notes===
* [[Underground belt]]s and [[pipe to ground|pipes to ground]] are substantially larger heat drains than their above-ground versions
* Heat pipes do not lose heat to the environment; they only lose heat to entities that need to be kept warm.
* All [[burner devices|burner]] entities and heat-producing machines are immune to freezing.

For details on heat throughput, see the [[heat pipe]] page.

A building is adjacent to a heat source when it is one tile away from the heat source either orthogonally or diagonally. All of the pipes would be heated in the below example: 


{| class="wikitable"
|
[[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heat_pipe.png|24px|link=heat_pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heating_tower.png|72px|link=Heating_tower]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
|
[[File:Heat_demo.gif]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Entity heat consumption
|-
! Building !! Kilowatts
|-
| {{Icon|Transport belt}} {{Icon|Fast transport belt}} {{Icon|Express transport belt}} {{Icon|Turbo transport belt}}|| 10
|-
| {{Icon|Underground belt}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Fast underground belt}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Express underground belt}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo underground belt}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Splitter}} {{Icon|Fast splitter}} {{Icon|Express splitter}} {{Icon|Turbo splitter}} || 40
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe}} || 1
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe to ground}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Pump}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Storage tank}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Power switch}} || 20
|-
| {{Icon|Programmable speaker}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Inserter}} {{Icon|Fast inserter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Long-handed inserter}} {{Icon|Bulk inserter}} {{Icon|Stack inserter}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Steam engine}} {{Icon|Steam turbine}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Pumpjack}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Gun turret}} {{Icon|Laser turret}} {{Icon|Rocket turret}} {{Icon|Railgun turret}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Arithmetic combinator}} {{Icon|Decider combinator}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Selector combinator}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Assembling machine 1}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 2}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 3}} {{Icon|Electric furnace}} {{Icon|Chemical plant}} {{Icon|Lab}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Cryogenic plant}} {{Icon|Recycler}} {{Icon|Biochamber}} {{Icon|Electromagnetic plant}} {{Icon|Centrifuge}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Oil refinery}} {{Icon|Artillery turret}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Foundry}} {{Icon|Radar}} {{Icon|Roboport}} {{Icon|Rocket silo}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon}} ||400
|}

The following entities are immune to freezing. Many may be placed directly on ice tiles (with the exceptions you might expect, mostly).
{| class="wikitable"
! Tile !! Entities !! Category
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Cargo landing pad}} {{Icon|Cargo bay}} || Space cargo
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Offshore pump}} || Offshore pumps
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Wooden chest}} {{Icon|Iron chest}} {{Icon|Steel chest}} {{Icon|Active provider chest}} {{Icon|Passive provider chest}} {{Icon|Storage chest}} {{Icon|Buffer chest}} {{Icon|Requester chest}} || Chests
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Small electric pole}} {{Icon|Medium electric pole}} {{Icon|Big electric pole}} {{Icon|Substation}} || Electric poles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Solar panel}} {{Icon|Accumulator}} {{Icon|Lamp}} {{Icon|Constant combinator}} || Basic electric devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Display panel}} || Player notification devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Burner inserter}} {{Icon|Boiler}} {{Icon|Stone furnace}} {{Icon|Steel furnace}} || Burner entities
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Nuclear reactor}} {{Icon|Heat exchanger}} {{Icon|Heating tower}} {{Icon|Heat pipe}} || Heat generators and heat pipes
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Fusion reactor}} {{Icon|Fusion generator}} || Fusion power
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Tesla turret}} || Tesla turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Flamethrower turret}} || Flamethrower turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Wall}} {{Icon|Gate}} || Walls and gates
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Construction robot}} {{Icon|Logistic robot}} {{Icon|Defender capsule}} {{Icon|Distractor capsule}} {{Icon|Destroyer capsule}} || Bots
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Car}} {{Icon|Tank}} {{Icon|Spidertron}} || Vehicles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Locomotive}} {{Icon|Cargo wagon}} {{Icon|Fluid wagon}} {{Icon|Artillery wagon}} || Trains
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Straight rail}} {{Icon|Rail ramp}} {{Icon|Train stop}} {{Icon|Rail signal}} {{Icon|Rail chain signal}} || Rail pieces
|-
| Any || {{Icon|Rail support}} || Rail pieces
|}

=== Solar energy ===
Aquilo is far from its sun, and so [[solar panel]]s on its surface only output at 1% of their rate on Nauvis: 0.6 kW peak production. This makes panels practical for little more than powering the first machines to produce the water needed for real power generation.

The minimum machines needed to produce water is either a single [[chemical plant]] to melt [[ice]] (which can initially be dropped from a space platform), or a single [[assembling machine 2]] to [[barrel|empty barrels of water]] also dropped from the platform. Assembling machine 2s require less power than chemical plants, and the unbarreling recipe is faster than [[ice melting]]. So on the whole, the assembler version will be faster.

Note that it is not necessary to fully power these machines. As long as the available power is greater than their drain, they will be able to function, albeit at reduced speed. [[Efficiency module]]s can speed this process up. With 3 efficiency modules, an assembling machine 2 only needs 35 kW to run at full speed (59 solar panels). To reach just 1/8th of max speed requires only 8.75 kW, which only needs 15 (base [[quality]]) solar panels.

Once even a little water is available, [[heat exchanger]]s heated by either [[heating tower]]s or [[nuclear reactor]]s can feed [[steam turbine]]s for power. This power can be used to process [[ammoniacal solution separation]] to generate ice, which can be melted into water for continuous power generation.

==Space routes==
[[Aquilo]] is connected to 2 other planets, [[Gleba]]{{SA}} and [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}, along with the [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Gleba]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}|| 100,000
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Gleba]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Fulgora_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Fulgora]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Aquilo_Solar_System_Edge.png]] Space route from [[Aquilo]] to [[Solar system edge]]
|}

Graph legend:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Asteroid type</th>
<th>Chunk</th>
<th>Medium</th>
<th>Big</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Metallic</td>
<td>● Blue</td>
<td>● Red</td>
<td>● Cyan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Carbonic</td>
<td>● Orange</td>
<td>● Yellow</td>
<td>● Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Oxide</td>
<td>● Green</td>
<td>● Magenta</td>
<td>● Purple</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 60%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 2
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 20
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk|| .10
|-
| Medium|| 0
|-
| Big || 0.25
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
aquilo_landscape.png|Example landscape of Aquilo.
aquilo_landscape_main_menu.png|Aquilo seen on the expansion's title screen.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* In mythology, Aquilo is the Roman god of the north wind, storms, and winter.
* During development, Aquilo was planned to be home to floating, jellyfish-like enemies, concept art for which were shown in Friday Facts [https://factorio.com/blog/post/fff-367 #367]. However, they were not implemented due to them making progression "much slower". [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-429]
* Aquilo's design with ice and liquid ammonia oceans is based on real-world [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20planet ice planets].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Fulgora]] {{SA}}
* [[Gleba]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Vulcanus]] {{SA}}
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Aquilo

2025-08-28T20:24:46Z

Thrawcheld: /* Ice terrain */ making platforms produces surplus ammonia; capitalisation

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:aquilo_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Aquilo''' is a desolate, freezing ocean [[planet]]. Its surface consists solely of a vast ocean of liquid ammonia, with the occasional floating iceberg.

Progression wise, Aquilo is meant to be visited after establishing factories on all the previous planets. [[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] requires [[rocket turret]]s, [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]], and [[heating tower]]s from Gleba, [[Asteroid reprocessing (research)]] from [[Vulcanus]], and [[Electromagnetic science pack (research)]] from [[Fulgora]].

[[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-aquilo}}

== Exclusive items ==
The following items have recipes with an explicit restriction that they can only be crafted on Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion generator|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Quantum processor|space-age=yes}} (can also be crafted on [[space platform]]s)

The following fluids are extracted from or produced on Aquilo and cannot be [[barrel|barrelled]] for transport elsewhere, making them exclusive to Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Ammoniacal solution|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fluorine|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Lithium brine|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Ammonia|space-age=yes}}

Because the above fluids cannot be taken off of Aquilo, any recipe that directly consumes them is de-facto exclusive to Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Fluoroketone (hot)|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Lithium|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion power cell|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Solid fuel from ammonia|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Ammonia rocket fuel|space-age=yes}}

The following can be crafted elsewhere, but are unlocked on Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Fluoroketone (cold)|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Lithium plate|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Foundation|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun turret|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun ammo|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Portable fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Promethium science pack|space-age=yes}}

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Aquilo Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || None
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 20 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 10
|-
| Solar Power || 01%
|-
| Pressure || 300
|-
| Gravity || 15
|-
| Robot energy usage || 500%
|}

=== Natural resources ===
In terms of directly exploitable natural resources, Aquilo has:
* [[Ammoniacal solution]]{{SA}} (via [[offshore pump]] on the edge of the ammoniacal seas)
* [[Lithium brine]]{{SA}} (via [[pumpjack]])
* [[Fluorine]]{{SA}} (via pumpjack)
* [[Crude oil]] (via pumpjack)

Limited amounts of [[lithium]], [[ice]], and [[ice platform]] can be gathered from [[lithium ice formation]]s, but are otherwise crafted.

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] can be obtained via [[ammoniacal solution separation]] and [[ice melting]]
* [[Stone]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Iron ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Copper ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Coal]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Crude oil]] can be obtained using pumpjacks as normal

== Mechanics ==

The starting area on Aquilo is a relatively small patch of snow and ice terrain. Beyond this small platform are the vast ammoniacal seas, which have small dots of icey terrain in them, usually around [[crude_oil|crude oil]], [[fluorine]]{{SA}}, or [[lithium_brine|lithium brine]]{{SA}} resource geysers. Aquilo is notable for having nothing to drill with any kind of miner. All natural resources, spare the [[lithium ice formation]]s, are gathered either by an [[offshore pump]] or [[pumpjack]]. Bases on Aquilo will be reliant on regularly shipping in resources from other planets.

=== Ice terrain ===

On Aquilo, most terrain must be constructed, but [[landfill]] and [[foundation]]{{SA}} are no help. Instead, you must use [[ice platform]]s{{SA}}. These platforms are created by first using [[ammoniacal solution separation]]{{SA}} to make [[ice]]{{SA}} and [[ammonia]]{{SA}}, then re-combining those into a platform that can be placed on the ocean like [[landfill]]. (This production chain produces a surplus of ammonia, which unlike solid byproducts cannot be dumped or recycled away; it must be either manually emptied from storage from time to time or consumed by some other recipe.)

Snowy terrain can be built on directly, but on any kind of ice terrain or ice platform, most buildings will require an insulating floor of [[concrete]] tiles or derivatives before they can be placed. [[Stone brick]]s cannot be used to pave ice.

=== Freezing ===
Aquilo is brutally cold. The harsh ambient temperatures drain the energy from any airborne [[construction robot|construction robots]] and [[logistic robot|logistic robots]], making them consume 5 times more power than normal. Most buildings will freeze and stop working unless heated by a [[heat pipe]] or heat generator. Heat can be generated by the [[nuclear reactor]] or [[heating tower]]{{SA}}.

Once a building is adjacent to a heat source above 30°C, it will consume heat energy to maintain its state, reducing the energy (and temperature) in the heat source. Different entities consume different amounts of heat to prevent freezing.

===Notes===
* [[Underground belt]]s and [[pipe to ground|pipes to ground]] are substantially larger heat drains than their above-ground versions
* Heat pipes do not lose heat to the environment; they only lose heat to entities that need to be kept warm.
* All [[burner devices|burner]] entities and heat-producing machines are immune to freezing.

For details on heat throughput, see the [[heat pipe]] page.

A building is adjacent to a heat source when it is one tile away from the heat source either orthogonally or diagonally. All of the pipes would be heated in the below example: 


{| class="wikitable"
|
[[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heat_pipe.png|24px|link=heat_pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heating_tower.png|72px|link=Heating_tower]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
|
[[File:Heat_demo.gif]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Entity Heat Consumption
|-
! Building !! Kilowatts
|-
| {{Icon|Transport belt}} {{Icon|Fast transport belt}} {{Icon|Express transport belt}} {{Icon|Turbo transport belt}}|| 10
|-
| {{Icon|Underground belt}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Fast underground belt}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Express underground belt}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo underground belt}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Splitter}} {{Icon|Fast splitter}} {{Icon|Express splitter}} {{Icon|Turbo splitter}} || 40
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe}} || 1
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe to ground}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Pump}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Storage tank}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Power switch}} || 20
|-
| {{Icon|Programmable speaker}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Inserter}} {{Icon|Fast inserter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Long-handed inserter}} {{Icon|Bulk inserter}} {{Icon|Stack inserter}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Steam engine}} {{Icon|Steam turbine}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Pumpjack}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Gun turret}} {{Icon|Laser turret}} {{Icon|Rocket turret}} {{Icon|Railgun turret}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Arithmetic combinator}} {{Icon|Decider combinator}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Selector combinator}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Assembling machine 1}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 2}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 3}} {{Icon|Electric furnace}} {{Icon|Chemical plant}} {{Icon|Lab}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Cryogenic plant}} {{Icon|Recycler}} {{Icon|Biochamber}} {{Icon|Electromagnetic plant}} {{Icon|Centrifuge}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Oil refinery}} {{Icon|Artillery turret}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Foundry}} {{Icon|Radar}} {{Icon|Roboport}} {{Icon|Rocket silo}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon}} ||400
|}

The following Entities are immune from freezing. Many may be placed directly on ice tiles (with the exceptions you might expect, mostly).
{| class="wikitable"
! Tile !! Entities !! Category
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Cargo landing pad}} {{Icon|Cargo bay}} || Space Cargo
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Offshore pump}} || Offshore Pumps
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Wooden chest}} {{Icon|Iron chest}} {{Icon|Steel chest}} {{Icon|Active provider chest}} {{Icon|Passive provider chest}} {{Icon|Storage chest}} {{Icon|Buffer chest}} {{Icon|Requester chest}} || Chests
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Small electric pole}} {{Icon|Medium electric pole}} {{Icon|Big electric pole}} {{Icon|Substation}} || Electric Poles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Solar panel}} {{Icon|Accumulator}} {{Icon|Lamp}} {{Icon|Constant combinator}} || Basic Electric Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Display panel}} || Player Notification Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Burner inserter}} {{Icon|Boiler}} {{Icon|Stone furnace}} {{Icon|Steel furnace}} || Burner Entities
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Nuclear reactor}} {{Icon|Heat exchanger}} {{Icon|Heating tower}} {{Icon|Heat pipe}} || Heat Generators and Heat Pipes
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Fusion reactor}} {{Icon|Fusion generator}} || Fusion Power
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Tesla turret}} || Tesla Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Flamethrower turret}} || Flamethrower Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Wall}} {{Icon|Gate}} || Walls and Gates
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Construction robot}} {{Icon|Logistic robot}} {{Icon|Defender capsule}} {{Icon|Distractor capsule}} {{Icon|Destroyer capsule}} || Bots
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Car}} {{Icon|Tank}} {{Icon|Spidertron}} || Vehicles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Locomotive}} {{Icon|Cargo wagon}} {{Icon|Fluid wagon}} {{Icon|Artillery wagon}} || Trains
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Straight rail}} {{Icon|Rail ramp}} {{Icon|Train stop}} {{Icon|Rail signal}} {{Icon|Rail chain signal}} || Rail Pieces
|-
| Any || {{Icon|Rail support}} || Rail Pieces
|}

=== Solar energy ===
Aquilo is far from its sun, and so [[solar panel]]s on its surface only output at 1% of their rate on Nauvis: 0.6 kW peak production. This makes panels practical for little more than powering the first machines to produce the water needed for real power generation.

The minimum machines needed to produce water is either a single [[chemical plant]] to melt [[ice]] (which can initially be dropped from a space platform), or a single [[assembling machine 2]] to [[barrel|empty barrels of water]] also dropped from the platform. Assembling machine 2s require less power than chemical plants, and the unbarreling recipe is faster than [[ice melting]]. So on the whole, the assembler version will be faster.

Note that it is not necessary to fully power these machines. As long as the available power is greater than their drain, they will be able to function, albeit at reduced speed. [[Efficiency module]]s can speed this process up. With 3 efficiency modules, an assembling machine 2 only needs 35 kW to run at full speed (59 solar panels). To reach just 1/8th of max speed requires only 8.75 kW, which only needs 15 (base [[quality]]) solar panels.

Once even a little water is available, [[heat exchanger]]s heated by either [[heating tower]]s or [[nuclear reactor]]s can feed [[steam turbine]]s for power. This power can be used to process [[ammoniacal solution separation]] to generate ice, which can be melted into water for continuous power generation.

==Space routes==
[[Aquilo]] is connected to 2 other planets, [[Gleba]]{{SA}} and [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}, along with the [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Gleba]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}|| 100,000
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Gleba]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Fulgora_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Fulgora]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Aquilo_Solar_System_Edge.png]] Space route from [[Aquilo]] to [[Solar system edge]]
|}

Graph legend:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Asteroid type</th>
<th>Chunk</th>
<th>Medium</th>
<th>Big</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Metallic</td>
<td>● Blue</td>
<td>● Red</td>
<td>● Cyan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Carbonic</td>
<td>● Orange</td>
<td>● Yellow</td>
<td>● Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Oxide</td>
<td>● Green</td>
<td>● Magenta</td>
<td>● Purple</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 60%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 2
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 20
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk|| .10
|-
| Medium|| 0
|-
| Big || 0.25
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
aquilo_landscape.png|Example landscape of Aquilo.
aquilo_landscape_main_menu.png|Aquilo seen on the expansion's title screen.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* In mythology, Aquilo is the Roman god of the north wind, storms, and winter.
* During development, Aquilo was planned to be home to floating, jellyfish-like enemies, concept art for which were shown in Friday Facts [https://factorio.com/blog/post/fff-367 #367]. However, they were not implemented due to them making progression "much slower". [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-429]
* Aquilo's design with ice and liquid ammonia oceans is based on real-world [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20planet ice planets].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Fulgora]] {{SA}}
* [[Gleba]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Vulcanus]] {{SA}}
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Circuit network

2025-03-18T04:16:49Z

Thrawcheld: /* Virtual signals */ what it means for a signal to be present, and consequential statements that are always true/false

{{Languages}}
'''Circuit networks''' are built using [[Red wire|red]] or [[green wire]], and enable the control of receivers, based upon information broadcast onto the network by connected senders. Most senders are storage devices, and broadcast their information onto a specific channel, based on the item or liquid the storage device contains. Each circuit network contains a channel for every kind of item, as well as 48 extra [[#Virtual signals|virtual signals]] which act as user-definable channels. 'Everything', 'Anything' and 'Each' are also available wildcards.

[[File:shared_circuit_network.png|thumb|600px|right|Two circuit networks shared over one [[small electric pole]].]]

== Usage ==
=== Send information ===
Senders broadcast the amount of items or fluids they contain or other data definable by the player. Each amount is broadcast as a numeric value on a 'channel' corresponding to the item. For example, a Storage Tank containing 1000 Crude Oil will broadcast 1000 on the Crude Oil channel.

The channels are separated from each other, so each network can simultaneously carry a number for each item and fluid in the game, and for each of the extra user-defined channels (digits 0-9, letters A-Z, and 9 different colors). All unused channels have the value zero.

Multiple broadcasts of the same item or fluid are additive: If there are two connected Storage Tanks with 1000 Crude Oil each, the value of the Crude Oil channel within the network will be 2000.

All wires of the same color which are connected together by junctions form a network, i.e. they will pass their signals to each other. For example, if two red wires are connected to the same combinator input, each wire receives the content from the other. This can result in feedback if care is not taken; see Feedback (under [[#Combinators|arithmetic combinator]], below) for discussion.

Numbers are in the signed 32 bit integer range, i.e. from -2147483648 to 2147483647 inclusive, and are encoded in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement two's complement representation]. The numbers wrap around on overflow, so e.g. 2147483647 + 10 becomes -2147483639. When entering a number in a combinator it can appear to exceed the 32 bit limit until the GUI is closed, at which point the number will overflow/underflow. [https://forums.factorio.com/58419]

=== Control devices ===
Receivers can use broadcast information, in most cases to enable/disable the device. They can either compare results between different channels, or compare a channel to a specific value.

Receiving devices sum all signals from each wire connected to them, even red and green wires. For example, if an inserter is connected to a red wire carrying a signal for 20 copper plates and a green wire with 10 copper plates, the input signal set for that receiver will be 30 copper plates.

Multiple wires of the same color will share & sum their signals. For example, 3 chests A, B and C connected in a row (A -> B -> C) with green wire will output the sum of their contents along any green wire connected to any of the chests. However, if a red wire connects chest A to an inserter, that inserter will only be given the contents of A as its input signal.

== Devices ==


Each device that is able to be connected to a circuit network has a [[File:Circuit network panel.png]] icon located in the top right corner of its info pane. Clicking this icon will display the available circuit network options for that device (note: a red or green wire must be connected, otherwise the message "not connected" will display instead). Clicking the [[File:Logistic network panel.png]] icon next to it, the device can be connected to a logistic network if in range of one, which also allows conditions to be set.

Conditions can be set for both circuit (signals of red and green wires are summed) and logistic network, which will together act as a logical AND.

The following devices can be connected to a circuit network:

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Icon !! Name !! Possible output signals !! Possible circuit control !! Possible logistic network control
|-
| {{Icon|Transport belt||Transport belts}} || [[Transport belts]] || Transport belts can send their content to the circuit network.
*''Pulse mode'': The signal is sent for only 1 tick when the item enters the belt.
*''Hold mode'': The signal is sent continuously as long as the items are on the belt.
*''Hold mode'' (All belts): The signal is sent continuously for all items on the entire transport belt line. The count continues through underground belts, but not splitters or side loading.
|| Transport belts can be enabled on a condition.
|| Transport belts can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Inserter||Inserters}} || [[Inserters]] || All inserters can send their held items to the circuit network.
*''Pulse mode'': The signal is sent for only 1 tick when the item is picked up.
*''Hold mode'': The signal is sent continuously as long as the inserter is holding the item.
|| All inserters can be enabled on a condition. The inserter stack size can also be overridden from a control signal (configurable; values less than 1 are treated as 1). Filters can be set on a signal.
|| All inserters can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Assembling machine}} {{Icon|Oil refinery}} {{Icon|Chemical plant}} {{Icon|Centrifuge}} {{Icon|Crusher|space-age=yes}} {{Icon|Foundry|space-age=yes}} {{Icon|Electromagnetic plant|space-age=yes}} {{Icon|Biochamber|space-age=yes}} {{Icon|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}} || [[Assembling machine]]s, [[Oil refinery]], [[Chemical plant]], [[Centrifuge]], [[Crusher]], [[Foundry]], [[Electromagnetic plant]], [[Biochamber]], [[Cryogenic plant]] || All crafting machines can output:
* Their contents, including fluids, in all slots
** Optionally, can include the items within the current crafting job
** If the machine has fuel, can optionally include the current fuel, including the unit of fuel currently being burned
* The ingredients of the set recipe
* A control signal, for 1 tick, when the recipe finishes crafting
* A control recipe, when the building is working
|| All crafting machines can enable on a condition and set their recipe based on a signal
||
|-
| {{Icon|Stone furnace}} {{Icon|Steel furnace}} {{Icon|Electric furnace}} {{Icon|Recycler}} || [[Furnace]]s and the [[Recycler]]{{SA}} || Furnace-style crafting machines can output:
* Their contents, including fluids, but not fuel, in all slots
** Optionally, can include the items within the current crafting job
** If the machine requires fuel, can optionally include the current fuel, including the unit of fuel currently being burned
* The ingredients of automatically determined recipe
* A control signal, for 1 tick, when the recipe finishes crafting
* A control signal, when the building is working
|| All furnace-style crafting machines can enable on a condition
||
|-
| {{Icon|Wooden chest||Chests}} || [[Chests]] || All chests can send their contents to the circuit network. Logistic chests automatically send their contents to the [[logistic network]]. || Logistics chests can be enabled on a condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Cargo landing pad}} || [[Cargo landing pad]] || The landing pad can send its contents to the circuit network. || The landing pad can have its requests set by the circuit network.{{SA}} ||
|-
| {{Icon|Rocket silo}} || [[Rocket silo]] || The rocket silo can output its contents or requests from space platforms.{{SA}} ||
||
|-
| {{Icon|Space platform hub|space-age=yes}} || [[Space platform hub]] || Can output its contents, destination and source planet, current speed, and damage taken
*''Default'': Read Speed = Signal ''V''
*''Default'': Read Damage Taken = Signal ''D''
| Platform hub can be sent the contents of the circuit network to use for wait conditions
||
|-
| {{Icon|Asteroid collector|space-age=yes}} || [[Asteroid collector]] || Can output its contents to the circuit network || Can enable on a condition and set filters on a signal ||
|-
| {{Icon|Requester chest}} {{Icon|Buffer chest}} {{Icon|Storage chest}} {{Icon|Passive provider chest}} {{Icon|Active provider chest}} || [[Requester chest]], [[Buffer chest]], [[Storage chest]], [[Passive provider chest]], [[Active provider chest]] || Can send its contents to the circuit network. || Buffer and requester chests can have their requested items set by the circuit network.

Can be enabled/disabled via a circuit network condition. When disabled, chests that provide items to the logistics network no longer provide those items. When disabled, chests that request items from the logistics network no longer request those items.
||
|-
| {{Icon|Storage tank}} || [[Storage tank]] || The storage tank can send its fluid content to the circuit network. ||
|-
| {{Icon|Gate}} || [[Gate]] || Gates can send a signal to the circuit network.
*''Default'': Player detected = [[File:Signal-G.png|16px]]
|| Gates can be opened on a condition. ||
|-
| {{Icon|Nuclear reactor}} {{Icon|Heating tower|space-age=yes}} || [[Nuclear reactor]], [[Heating tower]] || The reactor and heating tower can output any fuel, including the fuel currently being burned, to the circuit network, as well as its current temperature
*''Default'': Read temperature = [[File:Signal-T.png|16px]]
||
|-
| {{Icon|Agricultural tower|space-age=yes}} || [[Agricultural tower]] || Can output any seeds and harvested plants in its inventory || Agricultural tower can be enabled on a condition || Can be enabled on a logistic network condition
|-
| {{Icon|Gun turret}} {{Icon|Laser turret}} {{Icon|Flamethrower turret}} {{Icon|Rocket turret|space-age=yes}} {{Icon|Tesla turret|space-age=yes}} {{Icon|Railgun turret|space-age=yes}} || [[Gun turret]], [[Laser turret]], [[Flamethrower turret]], [[Rocket turret]], [[Tesla turret]], [[Railgun turret]] || Can send their respective ammunition to the circuit network
* Laser and tesla turrets will not send any signal if this option is selected, due to not using ammo
|| Can enable, set priorities, and ignore priorities on a condition || Can be enabled on a logistic network condition
|-
| {{Icon|Artillery turret}} || [[Artillery turret]] || Can send its ammunition to the circuit network || Can be enabled on a condition || Can be enabled on a logistic network condition
|-
| {{Icon|Rail signal}} || [[Rail signal]] || Rail signals can send their state to the circuit network.
*''Default'': [[File:Signal-Red.png|16px]][[File:Signal-Yellow.png|16px]][[File:Signal-Green.png|16px]]
Note: If red due to circuit network, does NOT output red signal
|| Rail signals can be set to red on a condition. ||
|-
| {{Icon|Rail chain signal}} || [[Rail chain signal]] || Rail chain signals can send their state to the circuit network.
*''Default'': [[File:Signal-Red.png|16px]][[File:Signal-Yellow.png|16px]][[File:Signal-Green.png|16px]][[File:Signal-Blue.png|16px]]
||
|-
| {{Icon|Train stop}} || [[Train stop]] ||
Train stops can output:
* The contents, except fuel, of a stopped train
** Any fluid amounts are rounded down to the nearest full number, except when the fluid is < 1, then it is rounded to 1.
* The unique Train ID of a stopped train, defaulting to [[File:Signal-T.png|16px]]
* The number of trains en-route to the current stop, including the currently stopped train, defaulting to [[File:Signal-C.png|16px]]
||
* Send the signal to the train, to use in wait conditions
* Enable the stop on a condition
** Disabled stops act as if their train limit = 0. Trains attempting to go here will enter the "Destination Full" state.
* Set the stop's train limit to the value of a control signal, defaulting to [[File:Signal-L.png|16px]]
* Set the stop's priority to the value of a control signal, defaulting to "P"
|| Train stops can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Accumulator}} || [[Accumulator]] || It can send its charge level in percent to the circuit network.
*''Default'': Charge % = [[File:Signal-A.png|16px]]
||
||
|-
| {{Icon|Roboport}} || [[Roboport]] || It can send its logistic network contents and/or its robot statistics to the circuit network. The signals used for robot statistics are configurable.
*''Default'': Available Logistics Bots = [[File:Signal-X.png|16px]]
*''Default'': Total Logistics Bots = [[File:Signal-Y.png|16px]]
*''Default'': Available Construction Bots = [[File:Signal-Z.png|16px]]
*''Default'': Total Construction Bots = [[File:Signal-T.png|16px]]
*''Default'': Roboports in Network = [[File:Signal-R.png|16px]]
||
|-
| {{Icon|Radar}} || [[Radar]] || Radars will transmit any signals passed into it to all other radars on the same planet.
Unlike other machine outputs, signals from red and green wires are transmitted separately.
||
||
|-
| {{Icon|Display panel}} || [[Display panel]] || || Can display a label and/or custom message on a condition ||
|-
| {{Icon|Burner mining drill}} || [[Mining drill]]s || All mining drills can send the expected resources, either from the drill itself or from the whole ore patch the drill is on. || Mining drills can be enabled on a condition. || Mining drills can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Pumpjack}} || [[Pumpjack]] || It can output the current oil mining rate. || It can be enabled on a condition. || It can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Power switch}} || [[Power switch]] || || Power switches can connect power networks on a condition. || It can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Programmable speaker}} || [[Programmable speaker]] || || Shows alerts and plays sounds based on circuit network signals. It can be used to make simple tunes.
|-
| {{Icon|Lamp}} || [[Lamp]] || || The lamp can be enabled on a condition.
*''Color mapping'': The color is set based on the provided color signals
*''Color components'': The color is set based on the values of incoming red, green, and blue color signals, which should be between 0 and 255
*''Packed RGB'': The color is set based on a single hex encoded RGB color on the white color signal. It should be between 0 and 16777215
|| The lamp can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Offshore pump}} || [[Offshore pump]] || || The offshore pump can be enabled on a condition. || The offshore pump can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|-
| {{Icon|Pump}} || [[Pump]] || || The pump can be enabled on a condition and set its filter on a signal || The pump can be enabled on a logistic network condition.
|}

== Physical network structure ==
A circuit network consists only of those devices connected together with the same color wire. Wire can be strung directly from device to device, or across any intervening power poles. Wire length is limited by its previous connection.

Note that each connected set of wires forms a separate network. For example, it's entirely possible to have four red-wire networks and three green-wire networks. If red and green wires happen to touch the same power pole or device, the red and green networks will remain separate and will not link up. However, two red cables or two green cables will link if they touch. Use different colored cables to separate networks in close proximity.

* To connect wires or cables to a power pole, simply click on one entity, then on the base of the power pole.
* To erase a wire or cable connection, place the same color wire over an existing connection. You don't get the wire/cable back.
* To remove '''all''' connections from a power pole, shift-click on the pole. The first shift-click will remove all electrical connections, and the second will remove all red and green wires.
* When connecting to a [[arithmetic combinator]] or [[decider combinator]], take care to connect the wire to the correct input or output side. Use "Show details" mode to see the orientation of the combinator.
* Hovering the mouse cursor over an item will highlight all wires which connect to the item.
* Hovering the mouse cursor over a power pole which is part of a network will display the signals on its network. Some items like combinators will also display their input and output signals when hovered over.
* Cut-pasting entities tries to preserve all wire connections to external entities and reconnect the new ghost to all its previous connection points, even when pasted multiple times, making it easy to rearrange entities without breaking connections.
* Deconstructing a power pole tries to keep all affected wire connections intact, forming new wires between previously-connected entities as needed. This can result in redundant wire connections forming when cut-pasting or undoing deconstruction. Note that this doesn't happen when the power pole is destroyed, though its ghost remains connected.

== Combinators ==
Combinators can function as both receiving and sending devices and allow more advanced functions to be used on a circuit network.

*The [[constant combinator]] broadcasts up to 20 values on any of the channels for whatever networks it is connected to. (You cannot currently specify whether a value should be on the red or green channel; if you need different values, use two combinators, one for each color wire.) You can use any item channel or any of the [[#Virtual signals|virtual signal]] channels.
**Note that using two of the 20 slots to broadcast values on the '''same''' channel is the same as broadcasting the sum of the two values from one slot.
*The [[arithmetic combinator]] performs arithmetic operations on input values and broadcasts the result to the specified output channel. The input and output channels can be any item channel or any of the virtual signal channels.
** Connecting: The arithmetic combinator connects to a red or green network on its '''input''' side (the terminals are set into the main body and look like spark plugs) and performs an arithmetic calculation which is broadcast into the specified channel on its '''output''' side (the output wires appear to stretch out a bit from the body of the device).
** Feedback: Note that the input network and the output network '''are not the same network'''. Connecting the output network back to the input network will result in a feedback loop. For example, adding 1 to the value for copper plates and broadcasting it as copper plates is an action that results in an infinite loop if output is connected back to input. The value for copper plates will rapidly (but not instantly) shoot upward. (The rate at which it climbs is determined by the current tick rate.) This technique can be combined with decider combinator logic to make electronic clocks, gates, and other systems; see [[Tutorial:Combinator tutorial|Combinator Tutorial]] for advanced techniques.
** Each: This combinator can use the 'Each' signal for both input and output, in which case '''all''' non-zero input channels will have the combinator's operation performed and broadcast on the output side. Having Each signals for input and output and using a non-changing operation (like adding zero) is equivalent to having a 'one-way' wire; all the information from the input network is copied to the output network, but the reverse is not true.
**Multi-network: The arithmetic combinator can be joined to both red and green networks on the input side and will sum their inputs.
*The [[decider combinator]] functions much like an arithmetic combinator, but is designed to compare values. Essentially, it is a conditional. In terms of connecting, feedback, and the Each signal it functions as specified above. In addition, it can handle the Everything and Anything signals, and performs more complex functions than summing when attached to multiple networks. See the [[decider combinator]] page for more details on how to use this.
* The [[selector combinator]] has various functions designed for filtering out and analyzing specific signals from its inputs. It is able to output the largest or smallest signal in a series of inputs, output the stack size of items, count the number of inputs, and output a random input every certain number of game ticks. If [[Space Age]]{{SA}} is enabled, it has three more functions for detecting an item's rocket capacity, and filtering/transferring [[quality]]{{SA}} grades.

== Virtual signals ==
[[File:Virtual_Signals_dialog_box.png|thumb|Some of the Virtual Signals available for use in the circuit network in the base game]]
Virtual signals are special signals that do not correspond to game items or fluids. Other than the three logic signals, virtual signals do not behave differently from item signals.

There are 177 virtual signals available (or 241 in [[Space Age]]{{SA}}) split between the Signals, Enemies, Environment, and Unsorted tabs. These include but are not limited to, numbers, letters, various lines & arrows, information icons, every [[enemies|enemy]] variant, environmental features, and the signal for the planet [[Nauvis]].

Additionally, if the "Show parameters in selection lists" option is enabled under game Settings > Interface > Interaction, the Unsorted tab receives 10 special purple "parameter" icons which can be used for blueprint [[Blueprint#Parameterisation|parameterisation]].

=== Logic signals ===
[[File:logic_signals.png|300px|thumb|The icons of the three logic signals]]
Three of the virtual signals cannot be sent over a network but apply special logic to multiple signals.

==== Everything ====
''Everything'' can be used on the left side in conditionals. The condition will be true when the condition is true for each input signal. The condition is also true if there are no signals. This means that the ''everything'' signal behaves as [[:Wikipedia:universal quantification|universal quantification]]. A signal is present if it is nonzero, so "Everything ≠ 0" is always true.

If a signal (rather than a constant number) is used on the right side of the comparison with ''everything'', it is implicitly excluded from the set of signals that ''everything'' checks, so the signal is not matched against itself. That means it is meaningful test e.g. ''everything'' > ''X'', without getting a trivially false result on ''X'' > ''X''.

The output of a [[decider combinator]] may also use ''everything'', unless the input is set to ''each''. When used, the combinator will output signal on every channel with non-zero input as long as the condition is true; the value will either be the input value or 1, depending on the corresponding setting.

==== Anything ====
''Anything'' can be used on the left side of conditions. It will be false when there are no inputs. The condition will be true when the condition is true for at least one signal. This means the ''anything'' signal behaves as [[:Wikipedia:existential quantification|existential quantification]]. A signal is present if it is nonzero, so "Anything = 0" is always false.

If a signal (rather than a constant number) is used on the right side of the comparison with ''anything'', it is implicitly excluded from the set of signals that ''anything'' checks, so the signal is not matched against itself. That means it is meaningful test e.g. ''anything'' >= ''X'', without getting a trivially true result on ''X'' >= ''X''.

When used in both the input and output of a decider combinator, ''anything'' will return the first matching signal following the order of precendence as they appear in Factoriopedia, [[wooden chest]] being first in line.

==== Each ====
''Each'' can only be used in left input side and output of [[decider combinator|decider]] and [[arithmetic combinator|arithmetic]] combinators. The signal can only be used as an output when also used as an input. When used in both the input and output, it makes a combinator perform its action on each input signal individually. The combinator will output the sum of each of the actions if only used in the input.

A combinator using ''each'' is like a stack of combinators with all inputs connected and all outputs connected in parallel. For example, if there are signals "copper plate" and "iron plate" present, one combinator would be evaluating conditions for copper, and the other combinator would be evaluating conditions for iron. The different output signals would then be added together on the shared wire.

Unlike ''everything'' and ''anything'' above, if a signal is used on the right hand side of an ''each'' operation, it is ''not'' implicitly excluded. So if you have e.g. ''each'' * ''X'' then you will also get ''X'' multiplied with itself in the output.

Each as an input will only be processed on signals that have a non-zero value. If you have a [[decider combinator|decider]] condition that inputs and output each, but wants to output only one value for an input signal that passes the condition, it will never output 1 for a signal which has a zero value, even if the condition is one that would be passed for a zero value.

== Tutorials ==
*'''[[Tutorial:Circuit network cookbook]]''' - ''Example-heavy tutorials; for beginners who want to get to know and use the benefits of the circuit network.''
*'''[[Tutorial:Combinator tutorial]]''' - ''Mainly textual and detailed tutorials.''

== Logistic network ==
The logistic network used by [[logistic robot]]s is essentially a third network (a wireless one), along with the green and red wired networks. The logistic network is based on coverage by [[roboport]]s.

Some devices can also be connected to the logistic network and enabled based on a condition. If a device has conditions set for circuit and for logistic network, it will become activated if both conditions are true. Devices that can also be controlled with the logistic network:
* Agricultural tower{{SA}}
* Crafting machines
* Inserters
* Lamp
* Mining drills
* Offshore pump
* Power switch
* Pump
* Pumpjack
* Train stop
* Transport belts
* Turrets

See the [[logistic network]] and [[roboport]] articles for more information.

== History ==

{{history|2.0.35|
* Furnaces can be connected to circuit network.}}

{{history|2.0.34|
* Extended the virtual signals, and unified/changed graphics of some of the existing ones.}}

{{history|2.0.7|
* Added selector combinator. It allows to select one of the signals, or the signal count from an input.
* Added display panel. 1X1 entity which can show specified icon and/or text, possibly also on the map. It can be also controlled by the circuit network.
* Added editable description to combinator entities.
* Decider Combinators are now allowed to check multiple conditions and send multiple outputs per combinator.
* Radar can now be connected to circuit network, allowing to wirelessly transmit a single channel of red and green signals on each planet/surface.
* All turrets (including artillery) can now be connected to the circuit network to read their current ammo count and/or deactivate them.
* Assembling machines, chemical plants, oil refineries and centrifuges can now send the ingredient list of their recipes to the circuit network.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Significantly improved circuit network performance. Up to 25 times less CPU usage and 10% less memory usage.
* Added the Programmable Speaker: it shows alerts and plays sounds based on circuit network signals. It can be used to make simple songs.
* Train Stop can output the contents of the stopped train's cargo.
* Train Stop can be disabled using the circuit network. Trains will skip disabled Train Stops, allowing simple train control.
* Mining Drills can be turned on and off using the circuit network. They can also output the remaining expected resources.
* Pumpjacks can be turned on and off using the circuit network. They can also output the current oil mining rate.
* Added Modulo, Power, Left Bit Shift, Right Bit Shift, Bitwise AND, Bitwise OR and Bitwise XOR to the Arithmetic Combinator.
* Added additional operators to the Decider Combinator and Circuit Conditions.}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* Many machines are now connectible to the circuit network.
* Wire disconnecting is incorporated into the latency hiding.
* Wires are now highlighted on entity mouseover.
* Reduced memory usage of circuit network.}}

{{history|0.12.33|
* Fluid values are rounded to the closest value instead of rounding down when transmitted to circuit network.}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* One can copy paste circuit network conditions between the [[inserter]], [[lamp]], [[pump]] and [[offshore pump]]. }}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Improvements to circuit network connection, one can connect multiple wires of the same color to the same entity.
* The [[lamp]], [[storage tank]], [[pump]] and [[offshore pump]] can be connected to the circuit network.
}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* [[Blueprint]]s copy circuit network connections.}}

{{history|0.8.3|
* Circuit network contents info has colored slots to specify the network it represents.}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

{{C|Logistics{{!}}#Circuit network}} {{C|Circuit network{{!}}#Circuit network}}

Yumako

2025-03-15T00:53:57Z

Thrawcheld: link

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Yumako}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Yumako''' is a resource found in [[Gleba]]{{SA}}. It can obtained by harvesting [[yumako tree]]s. It is one of two fruits found on the planet essential in progression. It can be processed into [[yumako mash]].

When consumed, it instantly grants the [[player]] 80 health points, along with 16 health points per second for the next 12 seconds. This effect has a 16 seconds cooldown.

Yumako fruits have a much longer [[Spoilage mechanics|spoil time]] than their initially processed form ([[yumako mash]]), 1 hour vs. 3 minutes. As such, the fruits can be transported fairly long distances without losing too much freshness.

Since agricultural towers have no module slots, seeds have no quality, and yumako mash recycles into itself, the only way to get quality yumako fruits is by [[Recycler|recycling]] them with quality modules. The probability of getting quality fruit is then 1/4 of the recycler's quality percentage.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Player health regen boost.png|The player under the health boost effect.
</gallery>

== History ==
{{History|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Gleba]]{{SA}}
* [[Jellynut]]

{{IntermediateNav}}

Jellynut

2025-03-15T00:48:49Z

Thrawcheld: grammar

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Jellynut}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Jellynut''' is an edible crop harvested from a [[jellystem]] on [[Gleba]]. It increases the [[player]]'s movement speed by 150% for 12 seconds when consumed. It can also be processed into [[jelly]]. It makes a decent fuel when starting out on Gleba, with 40 times the energy value of [[spoilage]] and 5 times that of [[yumako]]; [[rocket fuel]], once set up, is a more efficient replacement.

Jellynuts have a much longer [[Spoilage mechanics|spoil time]] than their initially processed form ([[jelly]]), 1 hour vs. 4 minutes. As such, the nuts can be transported fairly long distances without losing too much freshness.

Since agricultural towers have no module slots, seeds have no quality, and jelly recycles into itself, the only way to get quality jellynuts is by [[Recycler|recycling]] them with quality modules. The probability of getting quality nuts is then 1/4 of the recycler's quality percentage.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:player_speed_boost.png|The player under the speed boost effect.
</gallery>

== History ==
{{History|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Gleba]]{{SA}}
* [[Yumako]]

{{IntermediateNav}}

Jellynut

2025-03-15T00:48:08Z

Thrawcheld: info about spoil time and quality, also use as fuel

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Jellynut}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Jellynut''' is an edible crop harvested from a [[jellystem]] on [[Gleba]]. It increases the [[player]]'s movement speed by 150% for 12 seconds when consumed. It can also be processed into [[jelly]]. They make a decent fuel when starting out on Gleba, with 40 times the energy value of [[spoilage]] and 5 times that of [[yumako]]; [[rocket fuel]], once set up, is a more efficient replacement.

Jellynuts have a much longer [[Spoilage mechanics|spoil time]] than their initially processed form ([[jelly]]), 1 hour vs. 4 minutes. As such, the nuts can be transported fairly long distances without losing too much freshness.

Since agricultural towers have no module slots, seeds have no quality, and jelly recycles into itself, the only way to get quality jellynuts is by [[Recycler|recycling]] them with quality modules. The probability of getting quality nuts is then 1/4 of the recycler's quality percentage.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:player_speed_boost.png|The player under the speed boost effect.
</gallery>

== History ==
{{History|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Gleba]]{{SA}}
* [[Yumako]]

{{IntermediateNav}}

Yumako

2025-03-15T00:35:13Z

Thrawcheld: on quality

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Yumako}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Yumako''' is a resource found in [[Gleba]]{{SA}}. It can obtained by harvesting [[yumako tree]]s. It is one of two fruits found on the planet essential in progression. It can be processed into [[yumako mash]].

When consumed, it instantly grants the [[player]] 80 health points, along with 16 health points per second for the next 12 seconds. This effect has a 16 seconds cooldown.

Yumako fruits have a much longer [[Spoilage mechanics|spoil time]] than their initially processed form ([[yumako mash]]), 1 hour vs. 3 minutes. As such, the fruits can be transported fairly long distances without losing too much freshness.

Since agricultural towers have no module slots, seeds have no quality, and yumako mash recycles into itself, the only way to get quality yumako fruits is by recycling them with quality modules. The probability of getting quality fruit is then 1/4 of the recycler's quality percentage.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Player health regen boost.png|The player under the health boost effect.
</gallery>

== History ==
{{History|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Gleba]]{{SA}}
* [[Jellynut]]

{{IntermediateNav}}

Uranium processing

2025-03-14T23:01:27Z

Thrawcheld: spacing

{{Languages}}{{:Infobox:Uranium processing}}

'''Uranium processing''' is the only way to use [[uranium ore]] and the first source of [[uranium-235]] and [[uranium-238]] that is available to the [[player]]. The process has a 99.3% chance to produce 1 uranium-238 and a 0.7% chance to produce 1 uranium-235.

== Initiating the [[Kovarex enrichment process]] ==
Unlike most other crafting processes, uranium processing creates U-235 and U-238 based on probability, rather than in guaranteed deterministic amounts. Additionally, the Kovarex process requires a bulk stockpile of 40 units of the rare uranium-235 isotope to initiate in a single centrifuge. Therefore, planning uranium mining and processing for the Kovarex process takes certain considerations not encountered elsewhere in the game.

=== Expected value ===
As U-235 is created in centrifuges running uranium processing with ''p = 0.007'', the expected number of processing cycles to gain a single unit is ''E(1,p) = 1 ÷ p = ~143''. The expected number of cycles to gain 40 units is then ''E(40,p) = 40 × E(1,p)'' = '''~5,714 cycles'''. Note that running this many cycles requires mining 57,140 uranium ore, a non-trivial task.

However, given the nature of probability, it is impossible to guarantee that 40 units will be reached in this number of cycles; as a matter of fact, some mathematics yields that the probability that 5,714 cycles will produce ''at least'' 40 units of U-235 is only about 52%.

As each cycle takes 12 seconds, it takes on average 12 * 143 = 1716 seconds to produce 1 U-235 (assuming no productivity or speed modules). This can be turned into 10 [[uranium fuel cell]]s, each of which lasts 200 seconds, so in total 2000 seconds. That means one centrifuge constantly running can on average supply enough U-235 to produce enough fuel cells to continuously power one reactor. See [[Tutorial:Nuclear_power#Nuclear_reactor|Tutorial:Nuclear_power]]. The Kovarex enrichment process is a much more efficient way to produce U-235.

=== Confidence levels ===
[[File:Kovarex-prob-chart.png|300px|thumb|right|Probability of reaching 40 U-235 from uranium processing by number of cycles (click to enlarge)]]

Some further mathematics enables one to calculate the number of uranium processing cycles one must run to obtain ''at least'' 40 units of U-235 (given ''p = 0.007'') with a given level of confidence (probability of achieving the set goal).

As discussed in the previous section, the level of confidence corresponding to 5,714 cycles (for which the ''expected value'' of U-235 gained is 40) happens to be about 52% (or, in other words, with this number of cycles, one can expect to fail to reach 40 U-235 a bit less than once out of every 2 tries).

Some further example confidence levels that may be of interest to players are given in the table below. Consult the chart to the right for custom values.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!style="width: 120px;" |Confidence level
!style="width: 100px;" |Failures
!Cycles required
|-
| 10% || 9 out of 10 || 4,595
|-
| 50% || 1 out of 2 || 5,667
|-
| 90% || 1 out of 10 || 6,894
|-
| 95% || 1 out of 20 || 7,272
|-
| 99% || 1 out of 100 || 8,015
|-
|}

== Trivia ==
* Excluding Space Age-exclusive recipes, this is the only recipe in the base game to have random products.

== History ==
{{History|0.15.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Kovarex enrichment process]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Materials}}

Oil processing

2025-03-14T17:39:52Z

Thrawcheld: /* Tips */ second tip doesn't work with the changes to fluid handling in 2.0

{{Languages}}
'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.

== Overview ==
There are various recipes that can be used to process [[crude oil]] into its fractions. Its fraction ([[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Made in !! Required technology !! Internal name
|-
| {{Icon|Basic oil processing||}} Basic oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|45}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Oil processing (research)|}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || basic-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Advanced oil processing||}} Advanced oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} + {{icon|water|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{Icon|Light oil|45}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|55}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || advanced-oil-processing
|-
| {{Icon|Heavy oil cracking||}} Heavy oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|40}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Light oil|30}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || heavy-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Light oil cracking||}} Light oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || light-oil-cracking
|-
| {{Icon|Simple coal liquefaction||space-age=yes}} Simple coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{icon|Calcite|2|space-age=yes}} + {{icon|Sulfuric acid|25}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|50}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|calcite processing (research)}} [[Calcite processing (research)|Calcite processing]] || simple-coal-liquefaction
|-
|| {{Icon|Coal liquefaction||}} Coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{icon|steam|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|90}} + {{Icon|Light oil|20}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|10}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|coal liquefaction|}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || coal-liquefaction
|}

== Setting up oil processing ==
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.

Crude oil must be refined in an [[oil refinery]]. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated or flipped ({{key|v}} or {{key|h}} key by default).

Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: [[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a [[storage tank]]. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).

=== Tips ===
* The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the [[Tutorial:Circuit network cookbook#Oil_Setups|circuit-network cookbook]].
* [[Solid fuel]] is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.

=== Coal Liquefaction ===
Once coal liquefaction is researched, the player can manufacture oil products anywhere without a need for crude oil: the player can set up an oil refinery to utilize coal liquefaction and use an [[assembling machine]] and [[barrel]]s to manually insert a small amount of heavy oil into the system to initiate production. As long as the heavy oil output is routed back into the refinery before being sent anywhere else, the refinery will be self-sustaining in terms of heavy oil, only requiring steam and coal to run. To prevent fluid back-up, the player will need to ensure all output fluids are being consumed or stored somehow.

While a single refinery using this set-up this will not produce a large amount of oil products overall, the fact it does not require crude oil to run means it can be placed anywhere the player needs a small, steady supply of oil products, saving the need to transport oil over large distances by pipes or trains. Such uses include:

* A refueling outpost that produces [[solid fuel]] and/or [[rocket fuel]].
* A defensive outpost that uses oil to fuel [[flamethrower turret]]s.
* With a supply of [[iron ore]], this set-up can produce [[sulfuric acid]], allowing the mining of [[uranium ore]].
* A supply of iron ore also allows the manufacture of ammunition: [[cluster grenade]]s, [[land mine]]s, and [[cannon shell]]s.
* With a supply of both iron ore and [[copper ore]], [[rocket]]s and [[artillery shell]]s can be manufactured, as well as all [[capsules]].

More broadly, a sufficiently large network of refineries utilizing coal liquefaction could produce enough oil products to run the player's factory without a need for crude oil anymore, allowing much more flexibility in the layout and placement of facilities that require oil products to function. The downside of relying entirely on coal liquefaction are an overall slightly lower output of oil products compared to advanced oil processing, a need for more chemical plants to crack the large amounts of heavy oil produced, and the system will shut down entirely if its supply of coal or steam runs out.

=== Simple coal liquefaction {{SA}} ===
[[Space Age]] introduces a second liquefaction recipe: simple coal liquefaction. This process uses coal, [[calcite]]{{SA}}, and [[sulfuric acid]], generating only [[heavy oil]]. Through cracking, it can be used to make other oil products. On [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}, it is useful when starting out as the standard coal liquefaction recipe must be researched. It can also be used to bootstrap standard liquefaction, providing the initial heavy oil.

Outside of its initial uses on Vulcanus, it does have two potential advantages. [[Steam]] is much harder to get on [[Space platform]]s{{SA}} than sulfuric acid or calcite. The only way to make steam on a platform is with a [[nuclear reactor]], which requires fuel from [[Nauvis]]. By contrast, sulfuric acid, coal, and calcite can all be manufactured or mined from asteroids.

The other advantage is that the recipe produces heavy oil without any of the other oil processing byproducts. This allows the player to use this purely as a way to generate [[lubricant]] for those recipes which need it. Other oil processing setups can then always crack heavy oil to light oil.

Note also that going to Vulcanus is not ''strictly'' required. [[Calcite processing (research)]] does not require ''mining'' calcite from a calcite ore patch; you merely need to acquire calcite. This can be done using [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]] that is made available on [[Gleba]]. One still must research [[Planet discovery Vulcanus (research)]], but once done, acquiring calcite via [[advanced oxide asteroid crushing]] is enough to trigger the calcite processing technology.

=== Transporting fluids ===
There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:

* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* Loading the fluids into [[barrel]]s and transporting them by [[railway]], [[transport belts]], or the [[logistic network]]

== Optimal Ratios ==
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.

=== Petroleum gas production ===

For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.

One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).

The refining can be sped up with [[module]]s; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using [[productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="5" |Petroleum production output with modules
|-
!colspan="1" style="width: 230px; text-align: left;" |Module configuration
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |None
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 1 (*)
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 2
!colspan="1" |Units
|-
!colspan="5"|Oil refinery
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crude oil consumption
| 100 || 100 || 100 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 50 || 50 || 50 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 5 || 5 || 5 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil output
| 25 || 25 || 25 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 45 || 45 || 45 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 55 || 55 || 55 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 855% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Crude oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 171 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 10 || 45.5 || 85.5 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil output
| 5 || 29.575 || 55.575 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 9 || 53.235 || 100.035 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 11 || 65.065 || 122.265 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Heavy oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil consumption
| 40 || 40 || 40 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 131 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 15 || 88.725 || 127.725 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Light oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 20 || 20 || 20 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 10 || 59.15 || 85.15 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Ratio
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil cracking
| 0.25 || 0.325 || 0.424 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil cracking
| 0.85 || 1.2025 || 1.57 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum gas output
| 19.5 || 136.193 || 255.923 || per second
|-
|colspan="5" style="width: 600px; text-align: left;" | '''* Notes to table:''' ''Config 1'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. ''Config 2'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.
|}

For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.

== History ==
{{history|0.17.60|
* Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.}}

{{history|0.9.1|
* Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced
**Basic oil processing
**Advanced oil processing}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Barrel]]

{{C|Main}}

Crafting

2025-03-14T14:48:18Z

Thrawcheld: /* Automated crafting */ on second thoughts rm excessive use of SA template

{{Languages}}
The process of 'crafting' is to produce an end product off of input products using a recipe. The [[player]] or a variety of buildings like [[Assembling machine]]s can craft materials. Smelting is a particular kind of crafting that can only be done by [[furnace]]s. Since smelting cannot be done by the player, it is impossible to craft some items directly from raw resources.

In the beginning of the game, it is easy to make everything manually, but as the game advances, manual crafting is less and less efficient of a way to create. Products that require liquids and a few others (such as engine units) cannot be manually crafted. This is to encourage automation. The more advanced or expensive an item is, the more [[time]] it may take to craft.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|lazy-bastard}}

== Manual crafting ==
[[File:crafting_queue_anim.gif|left]]
Manual crafting is the most basic form of crafting, it is done directly in the player's inventory. To manually craft an object, open the player's inventory with {{keybinding|E}} ({{Keybinding|X}} on [[Nintendo Switch version|Nintendo Switch]]), and select an object to manually craft on the right. Left click for one, right click for five, and shift click to make as many as possible. If the image of the item is grayed out, ensure you have the materials necessary to craft the object. If you lack a resource, it will be shown highlighted in red text if you mouse-over the product. Materials that you don't have but you can craft will be highlighted in orange text, and will be chain-crafted to reach the product you selected. This is an advantage over automatic crafting using machines, which do not automatically create intermediate ingredients.

While manually crafting, there will be icons in the bottom left of the screen, which shows the current crafting operation. When an item is selected for crafting, the resources will be preemptively taken from the player's inventory. If that operation is then canceled, the items will be fully returned to the player.

To cancel a manual crafting operation from the queue at the bottom left of the screen, left click (to cancel one operation), right click (to cancel five operations), or shift-left click to cancel all crafts of that item. This is useful if you accidentally queue the wrong product, or too many of a product. All the materials taken to craft the item will be returned to your inventory. Manual crafting can be canceled at any time, but already-crafted intermediate products will not be uncrafted.

There are many kinds of materials which cannot be manually crafted and must be crafted by a machine:

* Ores can only be smelted in a [[furnace]].
* Any recipe that involves liquids must be processed in a machine.
* [[Engine unit]]s must be crafted in an [[assembling machine]].

If the result of any of these recipes is used as the input to something which can be manually crafted, the player must have that intermediate product in their inventory to craft the item.

== Automated crafting ==

Automated crafting is done outside of the player's inventory, allowing for multiple products to be produced at once, in synchronous harmony. This is where most crafting should take place.

Key structures in automated crafting are:
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Resource extraction
|-
| {{Imagelink|Burner mining drill}} || rowspan="3" | [[Mining|Mine]]s solid resources from surface deposits.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Electric mining drill}}
|-
| {{Imagelink|Big mining drill|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{Imagelink|Offshore pump}} || Extracts unlimited quantities of [[water]] and other fluids{{SA}} from lakes, swamps and oceans.
|-
| {{imagelink|Pumpjack}} || Extracts [[crude oil]] and other fluids{{SA}} from natural deposits.
|-
| {{imagelink|Agricultural tower|space-age=yes}} || Plants seeds and harvests mature plants.
|-
| {{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}} || Produces [[biter egg]]s.
|-
!colspan=2| Furnaces
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stone furnace}} || rowspan="3" | Processes raw minerals to their base metal, by smelting.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel furnace}}
|-
| {{Imagelink|Electric furnace}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| {{Imagelink|Foundry|space-age=yes}} || Produces molten metal from lava (with stone as a byproduct) or ore.
|-
| Fabricates items from molten metal.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Recycler|space-age=yes}} || Recycles items into their ingredients.
|-
!colspan=2| Production
|-
| {{imagelink|Assembling machine 1}} || Cannot handle fluid ingredients.
|-
| {{imagelink|Assembling machine 2}} {{imagelink|Assembling machine 3}} {{Imagelink|Electromagnetic plant|space-age=yes}} {{Imagelink|Biochamber|space-age=yes}} || Can handle recipes requiring fluid ingredients.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Oil refinery}} {{Imagelink|Chemical plant}} {{Imagelink|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}} || Processes [[crude oil]] and other fluids.
|-
| {{imagelink|Centrifuge}} || Process [[uranium ore]] into more useful intermediate products.
|}

== Basic ==
As an introduction to crafting, let's craft some simple iron plates.

'''Task''': create [[Iron plate]]s.

Steps:
# Place a [[Burner mining drill]] onto an [[Iron ore]] resource field. This is a silvery patch that is fairly common.
# Place a [[Furnace]] directly in front of the output (press {{keybinding|Alt}} to show output arrow), so that the miner outputs the ore into the furnace, which can receive on any side.
# Fill both the miner and the furnace with [[Fuel]], such as coal or logs.
# Wait. After a few seconds, the first piece of [[Iron plate]] is smelted and available for collection. Either collect it manually, or pull it out with an [[Inserters|inserter]].

This entire process is commonly referred to as 'smelting'. [[Copper ore]] must also be smelted.

== Advanced ==

Crafting of items can be automated. To automatically craft items, place a [[Assembling machine]], and select the recipe. Note that if the recipe is complicated enough, higher tiers of assembling machines may be necessary. Then, place all requested ingredients into the input slots, and the assembling machine should craft the item. Note that unlike manual crafting, each step of the craft requires another assembly machine. For example, crafting a [[lamp]] requires a machine to make [[copper cable]], a machine to make [[iron stick]]s, a machine to make [[electronic circuit]]s, etc. ''Assembly machines cannot automatically chain-craft like the player.''

To keep up continuous production ingredients must be provided via [[belt transport system|belts]] and [[Inserters]]. The manufactured items can also be extracted by [[Inserters]] and are then available for further usage elsewhere in the factory.

== History ==

{{history|0.15.0|
* Crafting now pauses when the results cannot fit into the player's inventory.}}

{{history|0.13.4|
* Surplus items are used for crafting further items, instead of being dropped into the inventory.}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* Crafting counts are recorded per force.}}

{{history|0.11.15|
* Order of inputs/outputs for fluid in machines is now constant.}}

{{history|0.11.9|
* Inventory now sorts properly when god mode crafting.}}

{{history|0.11.0|
* Event "on_player_crafted_item" is now called for every single finished item.}}

{{history|0.10.3|
* Crafting GUI now supports scrolling.}}

{{history|0.9.4|
* Recipes can now be hidden, so they don't appear in the player crafting screen.}}

{{history|0.9.2|
* Crafting GUI now resizes dynamically to fit the largest size.
* Only play crafting sound when final product is finished.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Updated/added sounds for crafting.}}

{{history|0.8.0|
* Unified crafting time, crafting time is now 1:1 with manual crafting.}}

{{history|0.5.0|
* Recipes categorized better.
* Recipes can now cost nothing but time.}}

{{history|0.4.0|
* Wider item selection screen.}}

{{history|0.2.10|
* Tool tip in technology preview now shows total raw.}}

{{history|0.2.9|
* Recipes are categorized.}}

{{history|0.2.8|
* Intermediate items in the crafting queue now show in a different color.
* Canceling crafting now cascades to all ingredients.}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Electric system]]
* [[Assembling machine]]
* [[Furnace]]

{{C|Main}}

Crafting

2025-03-14T14:46:43Z

Thrawcheld: /* Automated crafting */ rowspans, mention other uses for foundries and other things offshore pumps and pumpjacks can extract

{{Languages}}
The process of 'crafting' is to produce an end product off of input products using a recipe. The [[player]] or a variety of buildings like [[Assembling machine]]s can craft materials. Smelting is a particular kind of crafting that can only be done by [[furnace]]s. Since smelting cannot be done by the player, it is impossible to craft some items directly from raw resources.

In the beginning of the game, it is easy to make everything manually, but as the game advances, manual crafting is less and less efficient of a way to create. Products that require liquids and a few others (such as engine units) cannot be manually crafted. This is to encourage automation. The more advanced or expensive an item is, the more [[time]] it may take to craft.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|lazy-bastard}}

== Manual crafting ==
[[File:crafting_queue_anim.gif|left]]
Manual crafting is the most basic form of crafting, it is done directly in the player's inventory. To manually craft an object, open the player's inventory with {{keybinding|E}} ({{Keybinding|X}} on [[Nintendo Switch version|Nintendo Switch]]), and select an object to manually craft on the right. Left click for one, right click for five, and shift click to make as many as possible. If the image of the item is grayed out, ensure you have the materials necessary to craft the object. If you lack a resource, it will be shown highlighted in red text if you mouse-over the product. Materials that you don't have but you can craft will be highlighted in orange text, and will be chain-crafted to reach the product you selected. This is an advantage over automatic crafting using machines, which do not automatically create intermediate ingredients.

While manually crafting, there will be icons in the bottom left of the screen, which shows the current crafting operation. When an item is selected for crafting, the resources will be preemptively taken from the player's inventory. If that operation is then canceled, the items will be fully returned to the player.

To cancel a manual crafting operation from the queue at the bottom left of the screen, left click (to cancel one operation), right click (to cancel five operations), or shift-left click to cancel all crafts of that item. This is useful if you accidentally queue the wrong product, or too many of a product. All the materials taken to craft the item will be returned to your inventory. Manual crafting can be canceled at any time, but already-crafted intermediate products will not be uncrafted.

There are many kinds of materials which cannot be manually crafted and must be crafted by a machine:

* Ores can only be smelted in a [[furnace]].
* Any recipe that involves liquids must be processed in a machine.
* [[Engine unit]]s must be crafted in an [[assembling machine]].

If the result of any of these recipes is used as the input to something which can be manually crafted, the player must have that intermediate product in their inventory to craft the item.

== Automated crafting ==

Automated crafting is done outside of the player's inventory, allowing for multiple products to be produced at once, in synchronous harmony. This is where most crafting should take place.

Key structures in automated crafting are:
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Resource extraction
|-
| {{Imagelink|Burner mining drill}} || rowspan="3" | [[Mining|Mine]]s solid resources from surface deposits.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Electric mining drill}}
|-
| {{Imagelink|Big mining drill|space-age=yes}}
|-
| {{Imagelink|Offshore pump}} || Extracts unlimited quantities of [[water]] and other fluids{{SA}} from lakes, swamps and oceans.
|-
| {{imagelink|Pumpjack}} || Extracts [[crude oil]] and other fluids{{SA}} from natural deposits.
|-
| {{imagelink|Agricultural tower|space-age=yes}} || Plants seeds and harvests mature plants.
|-
| {{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}} || Produces [[biter egg]]s.
|-
!colspan=2| Furnaces
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stone furnace}} || rowspan="3" | Processes raw minerals to their base metal, by smelting.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel furnace}}
|-
| {{Imagelink|Electric furnace}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| {{Imagelink|Foundry|space-age=yes}} || Produces molten metal{{SA}} from lava{{SA}} (with stone as a byproduct) or ore.
|-
| Fabricates items from molten metal.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Recycler|space-age=yes}} || Recycles items into their ingredients.
|-
!colspan=2| Production
|-
| {{imagelink|Assembling machine 1}} || Cannot handle fluid ingredients.
|-
| {{imagelink|Assembling machine 2}} {{imagelink|Assembling machine 3}} {{Imagelink|Electromagnetic plant|space-age=yes}} {{Imagelink|Biochamber|space-age=yes}} || Can handle recipes requiring fluid ingredients.
|-
| {{Imagelink|Oil refinery}} {{Imagelink|Chemical plant}} {{Imagelink|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}} || Processes [[crude oil]] and other fluids.
|-
| {{imagelink|Centrifuge}} || Process [[uranium ore]] into more useful intermediate products.
|}

== Basic ==
As an introduction to crafting, let's craft some simple iron plates.

'''Task''': create [[Iron plate]]s.

Steps:
# Place a [[Burner mining drill]] onto an [[Iron ore]] resource field. This is a silvery patch that is fairly common.
# Place a [[Furnace]] directly in front of the output (press {{keybinding|Alt}} to show output arrow), so that the miner outputs the ore into the furnace, which can receive on any side.
# Fill both the miner and the furnace with [[Fuel]], such as coal or logs.
# Wait. After a few seconds, the first piece of [[Iron plate]] is smelted and available for collection. Either collect it manually, or pull it out with an [[Inserters|inserter]].

This entire process is commonly referred to as 'smelting'. [[Copper ore]] must also be smelted.

== Advanced ==

Crafting of items can be automated. To automatically craft items, place a [[Assembling machine]], and select the recipe. Note that if the recipe is complicated enough, higher tiers of assembling machines may be necessary. Then, place all requested ingredients into the input slots, and the assembling machine should craft the item. Note that unlike manual crafting, each step of the craft requires another assembly machine. For example, crafting a [[lamp]] requires a machine to make [[copper cable]], a machine to make [[iron stick]]s, a machine to make [[electronic circuit]]s, etc. ''Assembly machines cannot automatically chain-craft like the player.''

To keep up continuous production ingredients must be provided via [[belt transport system|belts]] and [[Inserters]]. The manufactured items can also be extracted by [[Inserters]] and are then available for further usage elsewhere in the factory.

== History ==

{{history|0.15.0|
* Crafting now pauses when the results cannot fit into the player's inventory.}}

{{history|0.13.4|
* Surplus items are used for crafting further items, instead of being dropped into the inventory.}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* Crafting counts are recorded per force.}}

{{history|0.11.15|
* Order of inputs/outputs for fluid in machines is now constant.}}

{{history|0.11.9|
* Inventory now sorts properly when god mode crafting.}}

{{history|0.11.0|
* Event "on_player_crafted_item" is now called for every single finished item.}}

{{history|0.10.3|
* Crafting GUI now supports scrolling.}}

{{history|0.9.4|
* Recipes can now be hidden, so they don't appear in the player crafting screen.}}

{{history|0.9.2|
* Crafting GUI now resizes dynamically to fit the largest size.
* Only play crafting sound when final product is finished.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Updated/added sounds for crafting.}}

{{history|0.8.0|
* Unified crafting time, crafting time is now 1:1 with manual crafting.}}

{{history|0.5.0|
* Recipes categorized better.
* Recipes can now cost nothing but time.}}

{{history|0.4.0|
* Wider item selection screen.}}

{{history|0.2.10|
* Tool tip in technology preview now shows total raw.}}

{{history|0.2.9|
* Recipes are categorized.}}

{{history|0.2.8|
* Intermediate items in the crafting queue now show in a different color.
* Canceling crafting now cascades to all ingredients.}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Electric system]]
* [[Assembling machine]]
* [[Furnace]]

{{C|Main}}