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Oil processing

2018-01-27T17:47:12Z

Socket: /* Optimal Ratios */ Adjust numbers to use correct number of beacons per refinery (was 9 instead of 8 and 15 instead of 16). Fix refinery count in the notes.

{{Languages}}
'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.

== Overview ==
There are various recipes that can be used to process [[crude oil]] into its fractions. Its fraction ([[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Machine !! Required technology
|-
| {{Icon|Basic oil processing||}} Basic oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|30}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|40}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Oil processing (research)|}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]]
|-
| {{Icon|Advanced oil processing||}} Advanced oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} + {{icon|water|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|10}} + {{Icon|Light oil|45}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|55}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]]
|-
| {{Icon|Heavy oil cracking||}} Heavy oil cracking || {{icon|time|3}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|40}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Light oil|30}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]]
|-
| {{Icon|Light oil cracking||}} Light oil cracking || {{icon|time|3}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]]
|-
| {{Icon|Coal liquefaction||}} Coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{icon|steam|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|35}} + {{Icon|Light oil|15}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|coal liquefaction|}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]]
|}

== Setting up oil processing ==
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel. Over time this value will decrease down to a minimum of 2 oil/s, so a pumpjack will provide unlimited oil but eventually at a very low rate.

Crude oil must be refined in an [[oil refinery]]. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a [[storage tank]].

Once the process finishes, the player will be left with 3 products: [[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]. Both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).

=== Tips ===
* The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the [[Tutorial:Circuit-network_Cookbook#Oil_Setups|circuit-network cookbook]].
* If you run your heavy oil pipe from the refineries past a lubricant-making chemical plant before sending it to the cracking chemical plants, you can be sure that the lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
* Solid fuel is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.

=== Transporting fluids ===
There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:

* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* Loading the fluids into [[Barrel]]s and transporting them by [[Railway]] or the [[Logistic network]]

== Optimal Ratios ==
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.

=== Petroleum gas production ===

For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 25:3:21 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking). Simpler ratios are possible that are most likely close enough, such as 8:1:7.

The refining can be sped up with [[module]]s; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using [[productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).

Calculating the optimal ratios is relatively challenging, since not all of the durations of the processes are the same (the crafting speed of a chemical plant is 1.25, but the refinery's is 1.0). If this were not taken into account, it would lead to (temporarily) inactive buildings, which is not optimal. The table below shows examples of these calculations for various module configurations.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="5" |Petroleum production output with modules
|-
!colspan="1" style="width: 230px; text-align: left;" |Module configuration
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |None
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 1 (*)
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 2
!colspan="1" |Units
|-
!colspan="5"|Oil refinery
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crude oil consumption
| 100 || 100 || 100 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 50 || 50 || 50 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 5 || 5 || 5 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil output
| 10 || 10 || 10 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 45 || 45 || 45 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 55 || 55 || 55 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 855% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Crude oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 171 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 10 || 45.5 || 85.5 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil output
| 2 || 11.83 || 22.23 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 9 || 53.235 || 100.035 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 11 || 65.065 || 122.265 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Heavy oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil consumption
| 40 || 40 || 40 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 3 || 3 || 3 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1.25 ||1.25 || 1.25 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil consumption
| 16.67 || 75.83 || 109.17 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 12.5 || 56.88 || 81.88 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 12.5 || 73.94 || 106.44 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Light oil cracking
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 3 || 3 || 3 || s / final item
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 20 || 20 || 20 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1.25 || 1.25 || 1.25 || crafts / s
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil consumption
| 12.5 ||56.875 || 81.875 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 12.5 || 56.875 || 81.875 || per second
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 8.33 || 49.29 || 70.96 || per second
|-
!colspan="5"|Ratio
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil cracking
| 0.12 || 0.156 || 0.204 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil cracking
| 0.84 || 1.139 || 1.487 ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Output
| 18 || 121.198 || 227.746 || per second
|-
|colspan="5" style="width: 600px; text-align: left;" | '''* Notes to table:''' ''Config 1'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. ''Config 2'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.
|}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Barrel]]

Science pack

2017-08-24T08:01:16Z

Socket: Fix broken down totals for blue science

{{Languages}}
Science Packs are items which are required by [[lab]]s to perform [[research]]. Researching technologies requires a certain number of different types of science packs, which is then multiplied by a certain value to get the tech cost. For example, [[Bullet damage| Bullet damage 3]] requires one Science Pack 1 and one Science Pack 2 and one Military Science Pack to begin researching, but it needs this to be input into labs a total of 100 times, raising the research cost to 100 Science Pack 1, 100 Science Pack 2 and 100 Military Science Pack.

==Types==
{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-

| {{imagelink|science-pack-1|Science pack 1}} || {{icon|Time|5|Time}} + {{icon|copper-plate|1|copper_plate}} + {{icon|iron gear wheel|1|iron gear wheel}} → {{icon|Science pack 1|1|Science pack 1}} || {{icon|Time|5.5|Time}} {{icon|iron-plate|2|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|1|copper_plate}}
|-

| {{imagelink|science-pack-2|Science pack 2}} || {{icon|Time|6|Time}} + {{icon|Inserter|1|Inserter}} + {{icon|Transport belt|1|Transport belt}} → {{icon|Science pack 2|1|Science pack 2}} || {{icon|Time|8.8|Time}} {{icon|iron-plate|5.5|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|1.5|copper_plate}}
|-

| {{imagelink|science-pack-3|Science pack 3}} || {{icon|Time|12|Time}} + {{icon|Electric mining drill|1|Electric mining drill}} + {{icon|Advanced circuit|1|Advanced circuit}} + {{icon|Engine unit|1|Engine unit}} → {{icon|Science pack 3|1|Science pack 3}} || {{icon|Time|29.7|Time}} {{icon|Copper Plate|9.5|Copper Plate}} {{icon|Engine unit|1|Engine unit}} {{icon|Iron Plate|25|Iron Plate}} {{icon|Plastic bar|2|Plastic bar}}
|-

| {{imagelink|Military_science_pack|Military science pack}} || {{icon|Time|10|Time}} + {{icon|Piercing rounds magazine|1|Piercing rounds magazine}} + {{icon|Grenade|1|Grenade}} + {{icon|Gun turret|1|Gun turret}} → {{icon|Military science pack|2|Military science pack}} || {{icon|Time|35|Time}} {{icon|Coal|10|Coal}} {{icon|Iron plate|49|Iron plate}} {{icon|Copper plate|15|Copper plate}} {{icon|Steel plate|1|Steel plate}}
|-

| {{imagelink|Production_science_pack|Production science pack}} || {{icon|Time|14|Time}} + {{icon|Assembling machine 1|1|Assembling machine 1}} + {{icon|Electric engine unit|1|Electric engine unit}} + {{icon|Electric furnace|1|Electric furnace}} → {{icon|Production science pack|2|Production science pack}} || {{icon|Time|73.2|Time}} {{icon|Stone brick|10|Stone brick}} {{icon|Iron plate|32|Iron plate}} {{icon|Copper plate|29.5|Copper plate}} {{icon|Steel plate|10|Steel plate}} {{icon|Plastic bar|10|Plastic bar}} {{icon|Electric engine unit|1|Electric engine unit}}
|-

| {{imagelink|High_tech_science_pack|High tech science pack}} || {{icon|Time|14|Time}} + {{icon|Battery|1|Battery}} + {{icon|Processing unit|3|Processing unit}} + {{icon|Speed module|1|Speed module}} + {{icon|Copper cable|30|Copper cable}} → {{icon|High tech science pack|2|High tech science pack}} || {{icon|Time|90.2|Time}} {{icon|Iron plate|15|Iron plate}} {{icon|Copper plate|47.5|Copper plate}} {{icon|Plastic bar|10|Plastic bar}} {{icon|Battery|1|Battery}} {{icon|Processing unit|3|Processing unit}}
|-

| {{imagelink|Space_science_pack|Space science pack}} || {{icon|Space science pack|1000|Space science pack}} per launched {{icon|Satellite}} || {{icon|Time|300|Time}} {{icon|Iron plate|43.7|Iron plate}} {{icon|Copper plate|85.3|Copper plate}} {{icon|Steel plate|11.5|Steel Plate}} {{icon|Plastic bar|19.9|Plastic bar}} {{icon|Solid fuel|10.5|Solid fuel}} {{icon|Sulfuric acid|15.5|Sulfuric acid}}
|-

|}

Or, broken down into the most basic components:
{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Total raw
|-

| {{imagelink|science-pack-1|Science pack 1}} || {{icon|iron-plate|2.0|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|1.0|copper_plate}}
|-

| {{imagelink|science-pack-2|Science pack 2}} || {{icon|iron-plate|5.5|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|1.5|copper_plate}}
|-

| {{imagelink|science-pack-3|Science pack 3}} || {{icon|iron-plate|34.0|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|9.5|copper_plate}} {{icon|coal|1.0|coal}} {{icon|crude-oil|22.2|crude_oil}}
|-

| {{imagelink|Military_science_pack|Military science pack}} || {{icon|iron-plate|27.0|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|7.5|copper_plate}} {{icon|coal|5.0|coal}}
|-

| {{imagelink|Production_science_pack|Production science pack}} || {{icon|iron-plate|46.5|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|16.3|copper_plate}} {{icon|coal|2.5|coal}} {{icon|crude-oil|59.7|crude_oil}} {{icon|stone|10.0|stone}}
|-

| {{imagelink|High_tech_science_pack|High tech science pack}} || {{icon|iron-plate|44.4|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|84.3|copper_plate}} {{icon|coal|5.5|coal}} {{icon|crude-oil|151.4|crude_oil}}
|-

| {{imagelink|Space_science_pack|Space science pack}} || {{icon|iron-plate|101.5|iron_plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|85.3|copper_plate}} {{icon|coal|10.0|coal}} {{icon|crude-oil|324.7|crude_oil}}
|-

|}

==Creating science packs==
The ratio needed to keep science production in sync is 5:6:12:5:7:7, or 5 science pack 1 assemblers:6 science pack 2 assemblers:12 science pack 3 assemblers:5 military science pack assemblers:7 production science pack assemblers:7 high tech science pack assemblers.

The science packs and research are meant to guide players through the game by gradually increasing in complexity. At first the player has to create science pack 1s by hand to research automation. Then the next goal is to create red and greeen science automatically and to automatically feed the science packs into labs. These science packs allow research of most of the basic technologies.
The next step is to create science pack 3s. This incorporates two new 'raw' intermediaries - [[plastic]] and [[steel plate]]s, which represents a small jump in complexity; as well as necessitating the need harvest and process [[crude oil]].

Following blue science, you will need to create military science packs. As the name suggests, military science packs are made out of combat-oriented products. Unlike previous science packs, military science produces two packs per crafting cycle versus just one per cycle from red/blue/green. You may want to create military science packs before creating blue science packs if you're having issues with [[enemies|Biters]].

After military science, production science packs are next. Production science packs are a fair jump in complexity, as the required products have quite a few different intermediaries. Production packs, like military packs, yield two packs per crafting cycle.

The final stage of automated research pack creation is high tech science pack. High tech sciences packs are the most complex packs to make, requiring a large chain of intermediate products. High-tech science packs, like previous high-level science packs, yield two packs per crafting cycle.

Space science packs are yielded from launching satellites via rocket, and thus are difficult to automate effectively without massive resource-hungry bases. Unlike other science packs, space science packs are exclusively used to research repeating/infinite technologies - such as mining productivity or gun turret damage.

{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[Research]]
* [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=48597 Source for broken down costs]

{{C|Science packs}}