Official Factorio Wiki - User contributions [en]

Infobox:Personal laser defense

2024-10-25T08:32:32Z

Shopt: Update damage to 2.0 value

{{Infobox
|prototype-type = active-defense-equipment
|internal-name = personal-laser-defense-equipment
|category = Combat
|image = personal laser defense anim.gif
|stack-size=20
|shooting-speed = 1.5{{Translation|/s}}
|damage = 10 {{Translation|laser}}
|range = 15
|dimensions = 2×2
|equipped-in = Modular armor + Power armor + Power armor MK2 + Spidertron
|energy = 75 {{Translation|kW}} electric
|energy-capacity = 220 {{Translation|kJ}} electric
|boosting-technologies = Laser shooting speed + Energy weapons damage
|recipe = Time, 10 + Laser turret, 5 + Low density structure, 5 + Processing unit, 20
|total-raw = Time, 310 + Battery, 60 + Copper plate, 250 + Iron plate, 100 + Plastic bar, 25 + Processing unit, 20 + Steel plate, 110
|required-technologies = Personal laser defense
|producers = Assembling machine + Player
}}<noinclude>[[Category:Infobox page]]</noinclude>

Tutorial talk:Producing power from oil

2021-07-13T11:14:18Z

Shopt: Created page with "== Outdated maths == I have flagged this page for cleanup as it contains outdated numbers which likely impact the results and conclusions of this page. Things I have immediate..."

== Outdated maths ==
I have flagged this page for cleanup as it contains outdated numbers which likely impact the results and conclusions of this page. Things I have immediately seen are it is using a boiler efficiency of 50% rather than 100%, and the module multipliers seem to be different in 1.1. I may get around to updating this page, but make no promises.
[[User:Shopt|Shopt]] ([[User talk:Shopt|talk]]) 11:14, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

Tutorial:Producing power from oil

2021-07-13T11:11:07Z

Shopt: Added a cleanup template to flag that this page is largely outdated for 1.1

{{languages}}

{{Cleanup|The maths on this page is based on an old version of the game and is likely not correct for the current version of the game.}}
Oil can be converted into [[solid fuel]] (and by extension rocket fuel), which when used to produce power will result in a net profit of power at the cost of oil.

== Energy costs and modules ==

Power cost and power results will be worked out in reverse, with the result that gives the most power being used for each step thereafter.

==== Light oil and petroleum gas into solid fuel ====

Petroleum gas and light oil will be used as-is for producing solid fuel. Light oil is not cracked since it takes twice as much petroleum gas to make one solid fuel.

This table shows the results of various module combinations for a single cycle of the chemical plant for either light oil or petroleum.
Since the solid fuel is being used in a closed loop, and therefore is going into boilers, the 25MJ fuel value is halved when used.

Combinations without productivity modules are omitted, since the first combination produces more net energy per cycle than a single piece of solid fuel is worth.

Combinations for each number of productivity modules show their best combination in bold, and only that combination is used to work out energy gained per cycle.

{| class="wikitable"
! Modules !! Energy cost !! Time per cycle !! Energy cost per cycle !! Cost !! Solid fuel per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle !! Result
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 168kW + 7kW = 175kW || 3s / 1.0625 = 48/17s || 175kW × 48/17s = 8,400/17kJ || style="text-align:right;"|'''~494.117kJ''' || rowspan="3"|{{Icon|Solid fuel|1.1}} || rowspan="3"|(25MJ/2) × 1.1 - 8,400/17kJ = 225,350/17kJ || rowspan="3" style="text-align:right;"|~13,255.882kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 420kW + 7kW = 427kW || 3s / 1.687 = 16/9s || 427kW × 16.9s = 6,832/9kJ || style="text-align:right;"|~759.111kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 672kW + 7kW = 679kW || 3s / 2.3125 = 48/37s || 679kW × 48/37s = 32,592/37kJ || style="text-align:right;"|~880.865kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 693kW + 7kW = 700kW || 3s / 1.5 = 2s || 700kW × 2s = 1,400kJ || style="text-align:right;"|'''1,400.000kJ''' || rowspan="2"|{{Icon|Solid fuel|1.2}} || rowspan="2"|(25MJ/2) × 1.2 - 1,400kJ = 13,600kJ || rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|'''13,600.000kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 441kW + 7kW = 448kW || 3s / 0.875 = 24/7s || 448kW × 24/7s = 1,536kJ || style="text-align:right;"|1,536kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 714kW + 7kW = 721kW || 3s / 0.6875 = 48/11s || 721kW × 48/11s = 34,608/11kJ || style="text-align:right;"|'''~3,146.181kJ''' || {{Icon|Solid fuel|1.3}} || (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 34,608/11kJ = 144,142/11kJ || style="text-align:right;"|~13,103.818kJ
|}

In a closed power loop, it is most efficient to convert light oil and petroleum gas into solid fuel with 2 productivity 3 modules and 1 speed 3 module.

Using beacons may further increase produced energy, even using 1 beacon for 2 chemical plants gains a little more. It is advisable to use beacons, since this process usually involves more facilities than other steps in this production chain. However, beaconed designs require more planning while placing and operating.

Main rule on using beacons is "full productivity on industry and full speed on beacons". There is some math, that proves it, see threads [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=53485 1], [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=53478 2], [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=41475 3], [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=5705 4]

This tables shows the results of various beacon-per-industry ratios on some reasonable layouts (12 or less chemical plants)

{| class="wikitable"
! Beacons per industry !! Total beacons and industries count !! Total modules effect !! Energy cost !! Time per cycle !! Energy cost per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle per 1 industry
|-
| rowspan="2"|1 || {{Icon|Beacon|1}}{{Icon|Chemical plant|2}} || rowspan="2"|{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}} || 2 × (861kW + 7kW) + 480kW = 2,216kW || rowspan="2"|3s / 1.3125 = 16/7s || 2,216kW × 16/7s = 35,456/7kJ || 2 × (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 35,456/7kJ = 192,044/7kJ || 192,044/7kJ / 2 = 96,022/7kJ = '''~13,717.429kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|1}}{{Icon|Chemical plant|12}} || 12×(861kW + 7kW) + 480kW = 10,896kW || 10,896kW × 16/7s = 174,336/7kJ || 12 × (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 174,336/7kJ = 1,190,664/7kJ || 1,190,664/7kJ / 12 = 99,222/7kJ = '''~14,174.429kJ'''
|-
| rowspan="2"|2 || {{Icon|Beacon|2}}{{Icon|Chemical plant|6}} || rowspan="2"|{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}} || 6 ×(1,008kW + 7kW) + 2 × 480kW = 7,050kW || rowspan="2"|3s / 1.9375 = 48/31s || 7,050kW × 48/31s = 338,400/31kJ || 6 × (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 338,400/31kJ = 2,684,100/31kJ || 2,684,100/31kJ / 6 = 447,350/31kJ = '''~14,430.645kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|3}}{{Icon|Chemical plant|12}} || 12 × (1,008kW + 7kW) + 3 × 480kW = 13,620kW || 13,620kW × 48/31s = 653,760/31kJ || 12 × (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 653,760/31kJ = 5,391,240/31kJ || 5,391,240/31kJ / 12 = 449,270/31kJ = '''~14,492.581kJ'''
|-
| 3 || {{Icon|Beacon|6}}{{Icon|Chemical plant|12}} || {{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3|3}} || 12 × (1155kW + 7kW) + 6 × 480kW = 16,824kW || 3s / 2.5625 = 48/41s || 16,824kW × 48/41s = 807,552/41kJ || 12 × (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 807,552/41kJ = 7,187,448/41kJ || 7,187,448/41kJ / 12 = 598,954/41kJ = '''~14,608.634kJ'''
|-
| 4 || {{Icon|Beacon|9}}{{Icon|Chemical plant|12}} || {{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3|4}} || 12 × (1,302kW + 7kW) + 9 × 480kW = 20,028kW || 3s / 3.1875 = 16/17s || 20,028kW × 16/17s = 320,448/17kJ || 12 × (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 320,448/17kJ = 2,994,552/17kJ || 2,944,552/17kJ / 12 = 249,546/17kJ = '''~14,679.176kJ'''
|-
| colspan="8"|some theoretical upper (non-reachable) values
|-
| 4 || infinite row of {{Icon|Beacon|1}}{{Icon|Chemical plant|2}} || {{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3|4}} || 2 × (1,302kW + 7kW) + 480kW = 3,098kW || 3s / 3.1875 = 16/17s || 3,098kW × 16/17s = 49,568/17kJ || 2 × (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 49,568/17kJ = 502,932/17kJ || 502,932/17kJ / 2 = 251,466/17kJ = '''~14,792.118kJ'''
|-
| 8 || infinite grid of {{Icon|Beacon|1}}{{Icon|Chemical plant|1}} || {{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3|8}} || 1,890kW + 7kW + 480kW = 2,377kW || 3s / 5.6875 = 48/91s || 2,377kW × 48/91s = 114,096/91kJ || (25MJ/2) × 1.3 - 114,096/91kJ = 1,364,654/91kJ || 1,364,654/91kJ = '''~14,996.198kJ'''
|}

==== Heavy oil into light oil ====

Based on the above tables, 1 light oil will be given an energy worth of 680kJ, since this is the optimal amount of power that can be made when converting into solid fuel in non-beaconed setup.

Combinations without productivity modules are omitted, since the first combination produces more net energy per cycle than 30 units of light oil (20,400kJ) is worth.

Since energy costs per cycle will be the same as above (same machine), only the optimal combination per number of productivity modules will be shown.

{| class="wikitable"
! Modules !! Energy cost !! Time per cycle !! Energy cost per cycle !! Light oil per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle !! Result
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 168kW + 7kW = 175kW || 3s / 1.0625 = 48/17s || 175kW × 48/17s = 8,400/17kJ || {{Icon|Light oil|33}} || 680 × 33 - 8,400/17kJ = 373,080/17kJ || style="text-align:right;"|~21,945.882kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 693kW + 7kW = 700kW || 3s / 1.5 = 2s || 700kW × 2s = 1,400kJ || {{Icon|Light oil|36}} || 680kJ × 36 - 1,400kJ = 23,080kJ || style="text-align:right;"|23,080kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 714kW + 7kW = 721kW || 3s / 0.6875 = 48/11s || 721kW × 48/11s = 34,608/11kJ || {{Icon|Light oil|39}} || 680kJ × 39 - 34,608/11kJ = 257,112/11kJ || style="text-align:right;"|'''~23,373.818kJ'''
|}

In a closed power loop, it is most efficient to convert heavy oil into light oil with 3 productivity 3 modules.
Since optimal result includes maximum productivity modules, this conclusion still stand if you use greater value for light oil gained energy, e.g. from your favorite beaconed setup.

As for previous conversion, using beacons with speed 3 modules will further increase produced energy.

{| class="wikitable"
! Beacons per industry !! Layout and modules !! Energy cost per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle per 1 industry
|-
| rowspan="2"|1 || {{Icon|Beacon|1}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Chemical plant|2}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 35,456/7kJ || 2 × 680 × 39 - 35,456/7kJ = 335,824/7kJ || 167,912/7kJ = '''~23,987.429kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|1}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Chemical plant|12}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 174,336/7kJ || 12 × 680 × 39 - 174,336/7kJ = 2,053,344/7kJ || 171,112/7kJ = '''~24,444.571kJ'''
|-
| rowspan="2"|2 || {{Icon|Beacon|2}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Chemical plant|6}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 338,400/31kJ || 6 × 680 × 39 - 338,400/31kJ = 4,594,320/31kJ || 765,720/31kJ = '''~24,700.645kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|3}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Chemical plant|12}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 653,760/31kJ || 12 × 680 × 39 - 653,760/31kJ = 9,211,680/31kJ || 767,640/31kJ = '''~24,762.581kJ'''
|-
| 3 || {{Icon|Beacon|6}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Chemical plant|12}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 807,552/41kJ || 12 × 680 × 39 - 807,552/41kJ = 12,240,288/41kJ || 1,020,024/41kJ = '''~24,878.634kJ'''
|-
| rowspan="2"|4 || {{Icon|Beacon|9}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Chemical plant|12}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 320,448/17kJ || 12 × 680 × 39 - 320,448/17kJ = 5,089,632/17kJ || 424,136/17kJ = '''~24,949.176kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|1}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Chemical plant|2}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} (infinite row) || 49,568/17kJ || 2 × 680 × 39 - 49,568/17kJ = 852,112/17kJ || 426,056/17kJ = '''~25,062.118kJ'''
|-
| 8 || {{Icon|Beacon|1}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Chemical plant|1}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} (infinite grid) || 114,096/91kJ || 680 × 39 - 114,096/91kJ = 2,299,224/91kJ || 2,299,224/91kJ = '''~25,266.198kJ'''
|}

==== Basic vs Advanced oil processing ====

Crude oil can be processed with either basic or advanced oil processing. Based on the above tables, the following fuel values for each product will be used:

* Heavy oil = 32,139/55kJ (based on optimal non-beaconed conversion to light oil)
* Light oil = 680kJ
* Petroleum gas = 340kJ (half of light oil)

Since all products scale equally based on productivity, each recipe can be expressed solely as the fuel value of the products combined and that value can be scaled based on productivity below.

Basic oil processing:

* 30 Heavy oil = 192,834/11kJ
* 30 Light oil = 20,400kJ
* 40 Petroleum gas = 13,600kJ
* Total = 566,834/11kJ = ~51,530.364kJ

Advanced oil processing:

* 10 Heavy oil = 64,278/11kJ
* 45 Light oil = 30,600kJ
* 55 Petroleum gas = 18,700kJ
* Total = 606,578/11kJ = ~55,143.455kJ

Since advanced oil processing produces more overall, its total fuel value will be used.

Combinations without productivity modules are omitted, since the first combination produces more net energy per cycle than the total fuel value.

Since energy costs per cycle will be the same as above but scaled (same module slot count), only the optimal combination per number of productivity modules will be shown.

{| class="wikitable"
! Modules !! Energy cost !! Time per cycle !! Energy cost per cycle !! Productivity level !! Energy gained per cycle !! Result
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 336kW + 14kW = 350kW || 5s / 0.85 = 100/17s || 350kW × 100/17s = 35,000/17kJ || 10% || 606,578/11kJ × 1.1 - 35,000/17kJ = 9,961,826/170kJ || style="text-align:right;"|~58,598.976kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 1,386kW + 14kW = 1,400kW || 5s / 1.2 = 25/6s || 1,400kW × 25/6s = 35,000/6kJ || 20% || 606,578/11kJ × 1.2 - 35,000/6kJ = 9,955,904/165kJ || style="text-align:right;"|'''~60,338.812kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 1,428kW + 14kW = 1,442kW || 5s / 0.55 = 100/11s || 1,442kW × 100/11s = 144,200/11kJ || 30% || 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 144,200/11kJ = 58,577.4kJ || style="text-align:right;"|58,577.4kJ
|}

In a closed power loop, it is most efficient to convert crude oil into its products using 2 productivity 3 modules and 1 speed 3 module.

This only applies if all products are used for solid fuel production. If petroleum gas is being used for anything other than solid fuel, the optimal combination might change.

As for previous processes, beacons may be used and will further increase gained energy.

{| class="wikitable"
! Beacons per industry !! Layout and modules !! Energy cost !! Time per cycle !! Energy cost per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle per 1 industry
|-
| rowspan="2"|1 || {{Icon|Beacon|1}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Oil refinery|1}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 1,722kW + 14kW + 480kW = 2,216kW || rowspan="2"| 5s / 1.05 = 100/21s || 2,216kW × 100/21s = 221,600/21kJ || 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 221,600/21kJ = 70,609,897/1,155kJ || 70,609,897/1,155kJ = '''~61,134.110kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|1}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Oil refinery|8}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 8 × (1,722kW + 14kW) + 480kW = 14,368kW || 14,368kW × 100/21s = 1,436,800/21kJ || 8 × 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 1,436,800/21kJ = 583,359,176/1,155kJ || 72,919,897/1,155kJ = '''~63,134.110kJ'''
|-
| 2 || {{Icon|Beacon|2}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Oil refinery|4}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 4 × (2,016kW + 14kW) + 2 × 480kW = 9,080kW || 5s / 1.55 = 100/31s || 9,080kW × 100/31s = 908,000/31kJ || 4 × 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 908,000/31kJ = 438,961,868/1,705kJ || 109,740,467/1,705kJ = '''~64,363.910kJ'''
|-
| 3 || {{Icon|Beacon|3}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Oil refinery|4}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 4 × (2,310kW + 14kW) + 3 × 480kW = 10,736kW || 5s / 2.05 = 100/41s || 10,736kW × 100/41s = 1,073,600/41kJ || 4 × 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 1,073,600/41kJ = 587,564,148/2,255kJ || 146,891,037/2,255kJ = '''~65,140.149kJ'''
|-
| 4 || {{Icon|Beacon|5}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Oil refinery|4}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 4 × (2,604kW + 14kW) + 480kW = 12,872kW || 5s / 2.55 = 100/51s || 12,872kW × 100/51s = 1,287,200/51kJ || 4 × 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 1,287,200/51kJ = 733,526,428/2,805kJ || 183,381,607/2,805kJ = '''~65,376.687kJ'''
|-
| rowspan="2"|5 || {{Icon|Beacon|9}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Oil refinery|6}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 6 × (2,898kW + 14kW) + 9 × 480kW = 21,792kW || rowspan="2"| 5s / 3.05 = 100/61s || 21,792kW × 100/61s = 2,179,200/61kJ || 6 × 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 2,179,200/61kJ = 1,323,193,062/3,355kJ || 220,532,177/3,355kJ = '''~65,732.393kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|2}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Oil refinery|2}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} (infinite row) || 2 × (2,898kW + 14kW) + 2 × 480kW = 6,784kW || 6,784kW × 100/61s = 678,400/61kJ || 2 × 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 678,400/61kJ = 443,704,354/3,355kJ || 221,852,177/3,355kJ = '''~66,125.835kJ'''
|-
| 10 || {{Icon|Beacon|2}}x{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}} + {{Icon|Oil refinery|1}}x{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} (infinite grid) || 4,368kW + 14kW + 2 × 480kW = 5,342kW || 5s / 5.55 = 100/111s || 5,342kW × 100/111s = 534,200/111kJ || 606,578/11kJ × 1.3 - 534,200/111kJ = 408,265,027/6,105kJ || 408,265,027/6,105kJ = '''~66,873.879kJ'''
|-
|}

==== Pumpjacks ====

Based on the above table, 100 crude oil will be given an energy worth of 9,955,904/165kJ, since this is the optimal amount of power that can be made when converting into solid fuel in non-beaconed setup.

Results will be given for a depleted oil well, which provides 2 crude oil per second. As the amount of crude oil increases, the importance of optimal modules decreases since the power draw for a given amount of oil output also decreases. Using the minimum amount is important to prove that creating power from crude oil is always possible.

It is also important to note that pumpjacks are affected by mining productivity level. The higher the level, the less effective productivity modules become.

Since pumpjacks operate on an infinite resource that has a finite count (oil wells), results will be shown in kW instead of kJ, since the goal here is to produce as much power as possible.

Pumpjacks only have two module slots, so all combinations will be shown. In this instance, results cannot be grouped by number of productivity modules, as the speed is also important.

{| class="wikitable"
! Modules !! Energy cost !! Time per cycle !! Energy per cycle !! Productivity level !! Energy gained per second !! Result
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Efficiency module 3}} || 18kW || 1s / 1 = 1s || 18kW × 1s = 18kJ || 0% || (9,955,904/165kJ × 1 - 18kJ) / 1s = 9,952,934/165kW || style="text-align:right;"|~60,320.812kW
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}} || 108kW || 1s / 1.5 = 2/3s || 108kW × 2/3s = 72kJ || 0% || (9,955,904/165kJ × 1 - 72kJ) / 2/3s = 14,916,036/165kW || style="text-align:right;"|~90,400.218kW
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}} || 216kW || 1s / 2 = 0.5s || 216kW × 0.5s = 108kJ || 0% || (9,955,904/165kJ × 1 - 108kJ) / 0.5s = 19,876,168/165kW || style="text-align:right;"|'''~120,461.624kW'''
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 116kW || 1s / 0.85 = 20/17s || 116kW × 20/17s = 2,320/17kJ || 10% || (9,955,904/165kJ × 1.1 - 2,320/17kJ) / 20/17s = 358,917,532/6,375kW || style="text-align:right;"|~56,300.789kW
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 225kW || 1s / 1.35 = 20/27s || 225kW × 20/27s = 500/3kJ || 10% || (9,955,904/165kJ × 1.1 - 500/3kJ) / 20/27s = 11,172,267/125kW || style="text-align:right;"|89,378.136kW
|-
| {{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 234kW || 1s / 0.7 = 10/7s || 234kW × 10/7s = 2,340/7kJ || 20% || (9,955,904/165kJ × 1.2 - 2,340/7kJ) / 10/7s = 69,369,578/1,375kW || style="text-align:right;"|~50,450.602kW
|}

In a closed power loop, it is most efficient to obtain crude oil using 2 speed 3 modules. This also improves with higher levels of productivity research.

Since there are a limited number of oil wells, it is advisable to use beacons in order to increase the amount of crude oil being collected. However, due to the nature of oil wells in the world and beacons affecting multiple pumpjacks at once, there will not be a table showing this.

== Converting solid fuel into rocket fuel ==

Solid fuel can be converted into rocket fuel in order to increase the fuel value. Normally this would result in a loss since 10 solid fuel (250MJ) is worth more than 1 rocket fuel (225MJ), but productivity modules can be used to increase yield.

At least 2 productivity 3 modules must be used in order to increase yield, so combinations with fewer are omitted.

{| class="wikitable"
! Modules !! Energy cost !! Time per cycle !! Energy cost per cycle !! Cost !! Rocket fuel per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle !! Result
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 336kW + 7kW = 343kW || 30s / 0.875 = 240/7s || 343kW × 240/7s = 11,760kJ || style="text-align:right;"|'''11,760.000kJ''' || rowspan="3"|{{Icon|Rocket fuel|1.2}} || rowspan="3"|(225MJ×1.2-250MJ)/2 - 11,760kJ = -1,760kJ || rowspan="3" style="text-align:right;color:#f44"|-1,760.000kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 588kW + 7kW = 595kW || 30s / 1.5 = 20s || 595kW × 20s = 11,900kJ || style="text-align:right;"|11,900.000kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 840kW + 7kW = 847kW || 30s / 2.125 = 240/17s || 847kW × 240/17s = 203,280/17kJ || style="text-align:right;"|~11,957.647kJ
|-
| {{Icon|Efficiency module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 609kW + 7kW = 616kW || 30s / 0.6875 = 480/11s || 616kW × 480/11s = 26,880kJ || style="text-align:right;"|26,880.000kJ || rowspan="2"|{{Icon|Rocket fuel|1.3}} || rowspan="2"|(225MJ×1.3-250MJ)/2 - 19,840kJ = 1,410kJ || rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|'''~1,410kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 861kW + 7kW = 868kW || 30s / 1.3125 = 160/7s || 868kW × 160/7s = 19,840kJ || style="text-align:right;"|'''19,840kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3}} || 882kW + 7kW = 889kW || 30s / 0.5 = 60s || 889kW × 60s = 53,340kJ || style="text-align:right;"|'''53,340.000kJ''' || {{Icon|Rocket fuel|1.4}} || (225MJ×1.4-250MJ)/2 - 53,340kJ = -20,840kJ || style="text-align:right;color:#f44"|-20,840.000kJ
|}

In a closed power loop, it is most efficient to convert solid fuel rocket fuel with 1 speed 3 module and 3 productivity 3 modules. In fact, this is the only combination of modules that produces a net positive when accounting for boiler inefficiency.

As always, using beacons will further improve efficiency. This table shows optimal combinations for reasonable beacon setups (no more than 12 assemblers), and additionally, upper theoretical limits.

{| class="wikitable"
! Beacons per industry !! Beacons and assemblers !! Modules effect !! Energy cost !! Time per cycle !! Energy cost per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle !! Energy gained per cycle per 1 industry
|-
| rowspan="3"|1 || {{Icon|Beacon|1}}+{{Icon|Assembling machine 3|2}} || rowspan="2"|{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3|3}} || 2 × (1,008kW + 7kW) + 480kW = 2,510kW || rowspan="2"| 30s / 1.9375 = 480/31s || 2,510kW × 480/31s = 1,204,800/31kJ || 2 × (225MJ×1.3-250MJ)/2 - 1,204,800/31kJ = 112,700/31kJ || 56,350/31kJ = '''~1,817.742kJ'''
|-
| rowspan="2"|{{Icon|Beacon|1}}+{{Icon|Assembling machine 3|12}} || 12 × (1,008kW + 7kW) + 480kW = 12,660kW || 12,660kW × 480/31s = 6,076,800/31kJ || 12 × (225MJ×1.3-250MJ)/2 - 6,076,800/31kJ = 1,828,200/31kJ || 152,350/31kJ = '''~4,914.516kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Speed module 3|1}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3|4}} || 12 × (1,029kW + 7kW) + 480kW = 12,912kW || 30s / 1.125 = 80/3s || 12,912kW × 80/3s = 344,320kJ || 12 × (225MJ×1.4-250MJ)/2 - 344,320kJ = 45,680kJ || 11,420/3kJ = ~3,806.667kJ
|-
| rowspan="2"|2 || {{Icon|Beacon|2}}+{{Icon|Assembling machine 3|6}} || rowspan="2"|{{Icon|Speed module 3|2}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3|4}} || 6 × (1,176kW + 7kW) + 2 × 480kW = 8,058kW || rowspan="2"| 30s / 1.75 = 120/7s || 8,058kW × 120/7s = 966,960/7kJ || 6 × (225MJ×1.4-250MJ)/2 - 966,960/7kJ = 398,040/7kJ || 66,340/7kJ = '''~9,477.143kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|3}}+{{Icon|Assembling machine 3|12}} || 12 × (1,176kW + 7kW) + 3 × 480kW = 15,636kW || 15,636kW × 120/7s = 1,876,320/7kJ || 12 × (225MJ×1.4-250MJ)/2 - 1,876,320/7kJ = 853,680/7kJ || 71,140/7kJ = '''~10,162.857kJ'''
|-
| 3 || {{Icon|Beacon|6}}+{{Icon|Assembling machine 3|12}} || {{Icon|Speed module 3|3}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3|4}} || 12 × (1,323kW + 7kW) + 6 × 480kW = 18,840kW || 30s / 2.375 = 240/19s || 18,840kW × 240/19s = 4,521,600/19kJ || 12 × (225MJ×1.4-250MJ)/2 - 4,521,600/19kJ = 2,888,400/19kJ || 240,700/19kJ = '''~12,668.421kJ'''
|-
| rowspan="2"|4 || {{Icon|Beacon|9}}+{{Icon|Assembling machine 3|12}} || rowspan="2"|{{Icon|Speed module 3|4}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3|4}} || 12 × (1,470kW + 7kW) + 9 × 480kW = 22,044kW || rowspan="2"| 30s / 3 = 10s || 22,044kW × 10s = 220,440kJ || 12 × (225MJ×1.4-250MJ)/2 - 220,440kJ = 169,560kJ || '''14,130kJ'''
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon|1}}+{{Icon|Assembling machine 3|2}} (infinite row) || 2 × (1,470kW + 7kW) + 480kW = 3,434kW || 3,434kW × 10s = 34,340kJ || 2 × (225MJ×1.4-250MJ)/2 - 34,340kJ = 30,660kJ || '''15,330kJ'''
|-
| 8 || {{Icon|Beacon|1}}+{{Icon|Assembling machine 3|1}} (infinite grid) || {{Icon|Speed module 3|8}}{{Icon|Productivity module 3|4}} || 2,058kW + 7kW + 480kW = 2,545kW || 30s / 5.5 = 60/11s || 2,545kW × 60/11s = 152,700/11kJ || (225MJ×1.4-250MJ)/2 - 152,700/11kJ = 204,800/11kJ || 204,800/11kJ = '''~18,618.182kJ'''
|}

This is also applicable for rocket fuel production for trains, however the results are different since locomotives are 100% fuel efficient.

== See also ==
* [[Crude oil]]
* [[Solid fuel]]
* [[Rocket fuel]]
* [[Electric system]]

Energy and work

2021-07-13T10:54:24Z

Shopt: Remove outdated boiler efficiency information

{{Languages}}
Factorio simulates many aspects of real physics and the quite correct use of energy is one important aspect.

Energy and work are directly dependent.

For another explanation, see the [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=33963 Forum].

== Definitions ==

* '''Energy''' can be thought of as stored work. It is measured in joules (symbol J).
* '''Work''' is the result of converting one type of energy to another. It is also measured in joules. (See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_%28physics%29 Wikipedia article on work].)
* '''Power''' is the rate of work - the amount of work done, or energy produced, over a unit of time. It is measured in watts (symbol W). One watt is equal to one joule divided by one second, i.e. one joule per second.
* '''Efficiency''' is the ratio between ''useful'' work done and the energy expended. It usually expressed as a percentage. Its unit would be joules per joule, but dividing something by the same thing cancels them out, so it is dimensionless.
* '''Waste''' is the difference between energy consumed and useful work done.

If you have a source of power and apply it over some time in order to perform some physical task, you have performed work, using a quantity of energy.

See also [[Units#Work]].

== Types of energy ==
Energy is available as:
* [[Fuel]]. The energy contained in a unit of fuel is described as its ''fuel energy''. Each [[Burner devices|building or vehicle that can be fuelled]] generally consumes fuel at a rate according to its power rating as long as it's working. For example:
** A car's power is 250 kW, meaning it consumes 250 kJ worth of fuel per second while it's accelerating (or driving at maximum speed).
** [[Nuclear reactor]]s consume uranium fuel cells at a rate of 40 MW. Like most other fueled appliances, this is constant as long as it has fuel to consume.
** Conversely, [[boiler]]s consume fuel at a rate according to their ''load'' (rate of steam being carried away), up to a ''maximum'' of their power rating.
* [[Electric system|Electricity]] taken from the electric network. In addition to active power consumption, appliances have a '''drain''', the power they consume even when not working as long as they're connected to the power network. For example:
** An [[assembling machine 1]] has drain 3 kW and power consumption 90 kW. It consumes 3 kJ per second while not working, and 93 kJ per second while working.
* Charge in [[accumulator]]s, [[Personal battery|battery armor modules]], and flying robots.

Abstractly, energy also exists as:
* The potential energy of a piece of ore or unit of oil/water on the ground or on/in a belt/pipe, compared to the same piece/unit under the ground/in the sea.
* Kinetic energy in robots, vehicles, and items, and the player's avatar while moving.
* The damage dealt by weapons, vehicles and fire.
* The additional order (i.e. reduced entropy) in an assembled item compared to its components.

== Types of work ==
One can observe work being done in Factorio in numerous ways. Mostly these are abstract and not measured in game in joules. For example:
* The player avatar moving his body and equipment around, mining, building, and crafting, performs work. Unlike in real life, this doesn't require any energy (i.e. your avatar doesn't need to eat); its efficiency is therefore infinite. On the other hand, biters and their spawners apparently absorb pollution and use its energy to move, bite, spit, and reproduce.
* Transport belts and offshore pumps perform work by moving their contents from one place to another. [[Turret]]s perform work by rotating to aim and pulling the trigger. Unrealistically, but as a conscious design decision, none of these require a source of energy, and so their efficiency is also infinite.
* Turrets (and other projectiles) also perform work by converting the chemical energy of a bullet's propellant to kinetic energy in the bullet itself, which itself proceeds to do work in the form of damage. [[Laser turret]]s convert electricity into damage rather more directly. [[Flamethrower]]s and [[flamethrower turret]]s convert the chemical energy of oil into damage.
* Vehicles ([[car]]s, [[tank]]s and [[train]]s) convert the chemical energy of fuel into kinetic energy (i.e. motion). When they collide with things, they convert some of this kinetic energy into damage (which is why they then slow down).
* [[Inserters]] and (non-offshore) [[pump]]s perform work by moving items and fluids from one place to another. This requires energy, either in the form of fuel (for a [[burner inserter]]) or electricity (for other types).
* [[Burner mining drill]]s and [[electric mining drill]]s convert energy (in fuel and electricity respectively) into potential energy held by a piece of ore on the ground; [[pumpjack]]s do the same thing to put crude oil in a pipe.
* [[Lab]]s perform work by converting science packs and electricity into research.
* Machines that produce items, converting input products into output products ([[Oil refinery|refineries]], [[assembling machine]]s etc.), do work by assembling the components into a more ordered form, as a product. The resulting increase in order is a form of potential energy. Most use electricity to do this; the major exceptions are [[stone furnace]]s and [[steel furnace]]s.

The types of work that ''are'' measured in joules in game are:
* [[Boiler]]s convert the chemical energy of fuel into heat, which it transfers into [[water]] to produce [[steam]].
* [[Nuclear reactor]]s convert the nuclear energy in [[uranium fuel cell]]s into heat. [[Heat exchanger]]s then transfer this heat, conveyed by [[heat pipe]]s, into water, producing steam.
* [[Steam engine]]s and [[steam turbine]]s turn the energy stored in steam into electricity.
* [[Solar panel]]s convert sunlight into electricity. ("Sunlight" isn't an expendible resource, so this effectively has infinite efficiency.)

== Waste and pollution: differences from real physics ==
A process with higher efficiency (useful work per unit energy consumed) produces less waste. In real life, ''total'' work done is always equal to energy consumed, but the amount of ''useful'' work done may be (usually is) less, but cannot be more. In other words, a process can't have an efficiency greater than 100%, meaning it would do more work than the energy you put into it. This is known as the principle of conservation of energy. The difference between useful and total work is ''waste'' or ''entropy'', usually in the form of heat; the impossibility of using (all) waste energy to perform work is known as the second law of thermodynamics.

The actual amount of work done by most processes in game is not quantified, but nonetheless they are generally not 100% efficient. This abstract inefficiency is represented by '''[[pollution]]''', produced by almost all machines when they do work (as well as being what happens to the physical matter of fuel when it's consumed). One exception is the electric network. In real life electric cables, transformers etc. hum and get hot, but in Factorio the electric network does not produce pollution.

In Factorio, some things do however have greater than 100% efficiency: transport belts and offshore pumps move stuff without needing to be powered, turrets rotate and shoot without power, and players move around and build things without needing to eat.