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Quality

2026-08-27T02:27:38Z

Macdjord: Quality effects: add spoil time to list

{{Languages}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:Any quality.png|right]]
'''Quality''' is a feature of the [[Space Age]] expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as an alternative to expanding in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the production structure. When Space Age itself is enabled, the two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond ([[File:Quality info.png]]) in the tooltip.

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independently of most Space Age content.

== Quality tiers ==
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
* [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal (0)
* [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon (1)
* [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare (2)
* [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic (3)
* [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary ('''5''')

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

== Technologies ==
Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Research !! Base Game !! {{SA}} Space Age !! Unlocks
|-
| {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}} x 300
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}} x 500
| [[File:quality_uncommon.png|32px]] [[File:quality_rare.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_epic.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Metallurgic science pack}}{{icon|Electromagnetic science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}}{{icon|Cryogenic science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_legendary.png|32px]]
|-
|}

== Quality effects ==
The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:
* +30% health
* +30% crafting speed
* +30% robot limit (rounded down)
* +30% spoil time
* +1 robot recharge slot for [[personal roboport]]s (both tiers, but not [[roboport]]s)
* +30% robot recharge rate (all roboports)
* +30% positive module effects (rounded down to the nearest 0.1% for [[quality module]]s, rounded down to the nearest 1% for non-quality modules)
* +10% turret range
* +10% weapon range
* +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
* +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
* +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
* +30% increased ammo damage
* +30% inserter rotation speed
** The power consumption of inserters is defined as energy per angle of turn. A 30% faster inserter can turn 30% more angles in a given space of time, so it consumes 30% more energy.
* -16.67% (1/6) resource drain on miners and [[pumpjack]]s
** This is multiplicative with [[productivity]]
* +30% [[solar panel]] output
* +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
* +30% capacity on [[personal battery|personal batteries]] (all three tiers)
* +30% output rate on [[boiler]]s, [[steam engine]]s, [[steam turbine]]s, [[accumulator]]s (also affects input rate), and [[nuclear reactor]]s
** Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
* +30% reach and efficiency for lightning [[lightning rod|rods]] and [[lightning collector|collectors]]
* -16.67% (1/6) power consumption on [[beacon]]s
* +1 to both continuous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in [[radar]]s
* +100% durability on consumable items ([[repair pack]]s, [[science pack]]s)
* +5% fork chance on the [[tesla turret]] and tesla ammo for the tesla gun
* [[Asteroid collector]]s:
** +5% arm speed
** +1 arm
** +10% active power consumption per arm and +10% drain
** +2 collection area size (both dimensions)
** +5 storage size

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) [[Productivity module 3]] (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings only get increased health, with no special effect. Examples are:
*Buildings related to [[circuit network]]s and [[rail signal]]s
*[[Transport belt]]s
*[[Pipe]]s
*[[Wall]]s
*[[Locomotive|Trains]]
*[[Cargo wagon]]s

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quality effects
! Item !! Effect !! [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon !! [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare !! [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_1.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 1]] || Health || 300 || 390 || 480 || 570 || 750
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.5 || 0.65 || 0.8 || 0.95 || 1.25

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_2.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 2]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.75 || 0.975 || 1.2 || 1.425 || 1.875

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_3.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 3]] || Health || 400 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 1000
|-
| Crafting speed || 1.25 || 1.625 || 2 || 2.375 || 3.125

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:construction_robot.png|15px]] [[Construction robot]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Max flying reach || 571m || 1152m || 1728m || 2305m || 3457m
|-
| Energy capacity || 3MJ || 6MJ || 9MJ || 12MJ || 18MJ

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:inserter.png|15px]] [[Inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 15.1kW || 19.51kW || 23.92kW || 28.33kW || 37.15kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 302°/s || 393°/s || 484°/s || 575°/s || 756°/s

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:fast_inserter.png|15px]] [[Fast inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 59.3kW || 76.94kW || 94.58kW || 112kW || 148kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 864°/s || 1123°/s || 1382°/s || 1642°/s || 2160°/s

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:laser_turret.png|15px]] [[Laser turret]] || Health || 1000 || 1300 || 1600 || 1900 || 2500
|-
| Range || 24 tiles || 26.4 tiles || 28.8 tiles || 31.2 tiles || 36 tiles

|-
| rowspan="1" | [[File:pipe.png|15px]] [[Pipe]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:roboport.png|15px]] [[Roboport]] || Health || 500 || 650 || 800 || 950 || 1250
|-
| Energy consumption || 2.1MW || 2.7MW || 3.3MW || 3.9MW || 5.1MW
|-
| Robot recharge rate || 4 x 500kW || 4 x 650kW || 4 x 800kW || 4 x 950kW || 4 x 1.25MW

|-
| rowspan="3" | [[File:small_electric_pole.png|15px]] [[Small electric pole]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Supply area || 5x5 || 7x7 || 9x9 || 11x11 || 15x15
|-
| Wire reach || 7.5 tiles || 9.5 tiles || 11.5 tiles || 13.5 tiles || 17.5 tiles

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:wooden_chest.png|15px]] [[Wooden chest]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Storage size || 16 || 20 || 25 || 30 || 40

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:iron_chest.png|15px]] [[Iron chest]] || Health || 200 || 260 || 320 || 380 || 500
|-
| Storage size || 32 || 41 || 51 || 60 || 80

|-
| rowspan="2" | [[File:steel_chest.png|15px]] [[Steel chest]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Storage size || 48 || 62 || 76 || 91 || 120
|}

== Creating high-quality items ==

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

=== Quality ingredients ===
Recipes that consume items have variations for each quality that the items might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality. Recipes that consume only fluids do not have quality variations. If they produce items, those items will be normal quality unless affected by quality modules. Recipes that fill or empty [[barrel]]s and recipes that produce the same item they consume ([[kovarex enrichment process]] and [[fish breeding]]) do not accept quality modules.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon [[iron plate]]s with rare [[battery|batteries]] to make an [[accumulator]] of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same [[lubricant]] can be used to create [[electric engine unit]]s of any quality.

=== Quality modules ===
{{Main|Quality module}}
[[File:quality_module_animated.png|64px|right]]'''Quality modules''' allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Module|Quality}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module}}
| +1% || +1.3% || +1.6% || +1.9% || +2.5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_2}}
| +2% || +2.6% || +3.2% || +3.8% || +5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_3}}
| +2.5% || +3.2% || +4% || +4.7% || +6.2%
|}

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to ''improve'' quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance, the following tables present expected outputs for each level of research.
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 9/1000 || Q * 1/1000
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 || Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]
| - || - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>

==== Examples ====
<div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px; vertical-align:top;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 2× {{Icon|quality_module_2|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 4%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 96% || 3.6% || 0.4%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 96% || 4%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 10%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.09% || 0.01%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.1%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 90% || 9% || 1%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 90% || 10%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} → Q = 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.2232% || 0.0248%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.248%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.48%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 75.2% || 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div>

==== Optimal module usage ====
{{Main|Tutorial:Quality upcycling math}}

It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the [[recycler]] only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts (rounded up) needed to produce 1 legendary output using ideal ratios of quality module 3s to productivity module 3s, with 4 matching quality module 3 in the recycler.

It is important to emphasize that these ratios maximize return per input material. If input capacity isn't a concern and the goal is speed rather than material efficiency, then switch out productivity modules for quality modules as needed. Beware, however, that in many cases material inefficiency nearly keeps pace with the legendary output rate.

<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 891
|-
| 3 || 0% || 0 || 3 || 533
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 342
|-
| 4 || 50% || 0 || 4 || 97
|-
| 5 || 50% || 1 || 4 || 67
|-
| 8 || 0% || 4 || 4 || 70
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 608
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 356
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 212
|-
| 4 || 50% || 1 || 3 || 62
|-
| 5 || 50% || 2 || 3 || 40
|-
| 8 || 0% || 5 || 3 || 34
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 309
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 153
|-
| 4 || 0% || 2 || 2 || 80
|-
| 4 || 50% || 3 || 1 || 25
|-
| 5 || 50% || 4 || 1 || 14
|-
| 8 || 0% || 8 || 0 || 7
|}</div>
For example, suppose legendary T3 modules are available and the goal is to produce legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]] processing units. If each electromagnetic plant producing epic quality or below has 4 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] productivity module 3 and 1 legendary [[File:quality_module_3.png|link=Quality module 3|20px]] quality module 3, and the electromagnetic plant with the legendary recipe has 5 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] productivity module 3, then on average an input of 280 normal [[File:Electronic_circuit.png|link=Electronic circuit|20px]] electronic circuits and 28 normal [[File:Advanced_circuit.png|link=Advanced circuit|20px]] advanced circuits is expected to produce 1 legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]] processing unit.

===== Derivation =====
Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10<sup>0</sup> - 10<sup>-1</sup>))|| (1 + P) * (Q * (10<sup>-1</sup> - 10<sup>-2</sup>)) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10<sup>-2</sup> - 10<sup>-3</sup>)) || (1 + P) * (Q * 10<sup>-3</sup>)
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * Q * 9/10 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/100 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/1000 || (1 + P) * Q * 1/1000
|}

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + -0.75) * (1-Q) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10<sup>0</sup> - 10<sup>-1</sup>)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10<sup>-1</sup> - 10<sup>-2</sup>)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10<sup>-2</sup> - 10<sup>-3</sup>)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10<sup>-3</sup>)
|-
| 0.25 * (1-Q) || 0.25 * Q * 9/10|| 0.25 * Q * 9/100 || 0.25 * Q * 9/1000 || 0.25 * Q * 1/1000
|}

For example, recycling an uncommon ingredient with a Q of 25%:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| style="background:#424242" | [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]] || - || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
|}

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see the Wikipedia article [[Wikipedia:Stochastic matrix|Stochastic matrix]]) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid; text-align:center;"
! !! style="border-left:2px solid" | I<sub>[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]</sub> !! I<sub>[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]</sub> !! I<sub>[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]</sub> !! I<sub>[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]</sub> !! I<sub>[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]</sub>
! style="border-left:2px solid" | P<sub>[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]</sub> !! P<sub>[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]</sub> !! P<sub>[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]</sub> !! P<sub>[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]</sub> !! P<sub>[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]</sub>
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! I<sub>[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.003375 || 0.000375
|-
! I<sub>[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.00375
|-
! I<sub>[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.0375
|-
! I<sub>[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.375
|-
! I<sub>[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.5
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! P<sub>[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.0005625 || 0.0000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P<sub>[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P<sub>[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.00625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P<sub>[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.0625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P<sub>[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]</sub>
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|}

To iterate this matrix (M) apply the matrix to itself. For example, M<sup>6</sup> would indicate 6 iterations, corresponding to 3 crafting steps and 3 recycling steps. To see how much 1 ingredient set produces after a given iteration, x, multiply an input vector by M<sup>x</sup>. The vector format follows that of the matrix labels, so with the table arranged as above, left multiply a row vector of ingredient(s) by the matrix. In order to see the expected product of 1 set of normal ingredients, the vector will have '1' in the first column and '0's everywhere else. Likewise, a set of uncommon ingredients will correspond to '1' in the second column of the vector.

It is important to note that since the recycling step has a material loss of 75% most recycling loops will be well behaved and converge quickly.

Extreme productivity from research breaks this pattern and will prevent convergence, but this simply means that there is a positive material cycle, so 1 set of ingredients will produce infinite legendary crafts, on average. The closer the total productivity is to 400%, the slower the convergence of the matrix iteration and the higher you need to calculate x in M<sup>x</sup>.


== Usage tips ==
=== Using quality to increase production ===
There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:
* Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
* Increasing the quality of [[speed module]]s will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
* Increasing the quality of [[productivity module]]s will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
* Increasing the quality of [[beacon]]s will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where [[electronic circuit]]s are made using one [[electromagnetic plant]] with five [[productivity module 3]]s, which is surrounded by 12 [[beacon]]s with two [[speed module 3]]s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered [[express transport belt]]). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half [[turbo transport belt]]s with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

=== Using quality to save space ===
Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a [[space platform]], where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

=== Using quality modules with speed modules ===
While speed modules inherently reduce the effectiveness of quality modules, there are cases where using a single speed module can increase the both the output rate of normal and quality items per unit of time (at the cost of more power consumption and higher input rate). This effect is best seen when using a single speed module in a beacon affecting a device with 4 quality modules installed: the increased output per unit time more than offsets the reduced quality % chance. This is a delicate balance though, as adding two speed modules to the beacon is almost always worse (though still better than no beacon at all).

=== Notes ===
* In the below circumstances, quality modules have no useful effects.
** Placed in a [[Rocket silo]]
** Placed in a [[Lab]] or [[Biolab]]
** Used with recipes that only output fluids (e.g [[holmium solution]])
* [[Barrel]]s cannot accept quality modules, most likely to stop quality upcycling with no loss.
* The [[Kovarex enrichment process]] recipe and [[raw fish|fish breeding]] cannot accept quality modules.

== Relevant Factorio Friday Facts ==
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-375 FFF 375 - Quality]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-376 FFF 376 - Research and Technology]

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|make-it-better}}
{{Achievement|look-at-my-shiny-rare-armor}}
{{Achievement|todays-fish-is-trout-a-la-creme}}
{{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
{{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}
{{Achievement|no-room-for-more}}

== Trivia ==
* Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the [[player]] character.
** Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled [[biter egg]]s, [[captive biter spawner]]s, and [[pentapod egg]]s inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters choose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{C|Main}}

Foundry

2026-06-12T21:33:52Z

Macdjord: Alternate recipe chains: Add analysis of cast concrete recipe's efficiency; clean up wording of other secitions

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Foundry}}
{{About/Space age}}
The '''Foundry''' is a version of the [[assembling machine]] from [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}} that specializes in metallurgy. It has a built-in 50% [[productivity]] bonus.

The foundry can only be crafted on Vulcanus due to its higher atmospheric pressure, but it can be used on other planets once transported via [[space platform]].

== Recipes ==

The Foundry has twenty available unique recipes (not including the recipe for itself), one of which must be set before it can begin processing.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Recipe !! Ingredients !! Products !! Technology required
|-
! colspan=4 | Only usable on [[Vulcanus]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Molten iron from lava}}
| {{icon|Time|16}}{{icon|Calcite|1}}{{icon|Lava|500}}
| {{icon|Stone|10}}{{icon|Molten iron|250}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Molten copper from lava}}
| {{icon|Time|16}}{{icon|Calcite|1}}{{icon|Lava|500}}
| {{icon|Stone|15}}{{icon|Molten copper|250}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Metallurgic science pack}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}{{icon|Tungsten carbide|3}}{{icon|Tungsten plate|2}}{{icon|Molten copper|200}}
| {{icon|Metallurgic science pack|1}}
| {{icontech|Metallurgic science pack (research)}}[[Metallurgic science pack (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Big mining drill}}
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Advanced circuit|10}}{{icon|Electric engine unit|10}}{{icon|Tungsten carbide|20}}{{icon|Electric mining drill|1}}{{icon|Molten iron|200}}
| {{icon|Big mining drill|1}}
| {{icontech|Big mining drill (research)}}[[Big mining drill (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Foundry}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}{{icon|Electronic circuit|30}}{{icon|Lubricant|20}}{{icon|Refined concrete|20}}{{icon|Steel plate|50}}{{icon|Tungsten carbide|50}}
| {{icon|Foundry|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}{{icon|Tungsten plate|5}}{{icon|Express transport belt|1}}{{icon|Lubricant|20}}
| {{icon|Turbo transport belt|1}}
| {{icontech|Turbo transport belt (research)}}[[Turbo transport belt (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo underground belt}}
| {{icon|Time|2}}{{icon|Tungsten plate|40}}{{icon|Express underground belt|2}}{{icon|Lubricant|40}}
| {{icon|Turbo underground belt|2}}
| {{icontech|Turbo transport belt (research)}}[[Turbo transport belt (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo splitter}}
| {{icon|Time|2}}{{icon|Processing unit|2}}{{icon|Tungsten plate|15}}{{icon|Express splitter|2}}{{icon|Lubricant|80}}
| {{icon|Turbo splitter|1}}
| {{icontech|Turbo transport belt (research)}}[[Turbo transport belt (research)]]
|-
! colspan=4 | Usable anywhere
|-
| {{imagelink|Molten iron}}
| {{icon|Time|32}}{{icon|Iron ore|50}}{{icon|Calcite|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|500}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Molten copper}}
| {{icon|Time|32}}{{icon|Copper ore|50}}{{icon|Calcite|1}}
| {{icon|Molten copper|500}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting iron}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}{{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| {{icon|Iron plate|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting copper}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}{{icon|Molten copper|20}}
| {{icon|Copper plate|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting steel}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}{{icon|Molten iron|30}}
| {{icon|Steel plate|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting iron gear wheel}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| {{icon|Iron gear wheel|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting iron stick}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| {{icon|Iron stick|4}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting low density structure}}
| {{icon|Time|15}}{{icon|Plastic bar|5}}{{icon|Molten iron|80}}{{icon|Molten copper|250}}
| {{icon|Low density structure|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Concrete from molten iron}}†
| {{icon|Time|10}}{{icon|Stone brick|5}}{{icon|Molten iron|20}}{{icon|Water|100}}
| {{icon|Concrete|10}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting copper cable}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Molten copper|5}}
| {{icon|Copper cable|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting pipe}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| {{icon|Pipe|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting pipe to ground}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Pipe|10}}{{icon|Molten iron|50}}
| {{icon|Pipe to ground|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Tungsten plate}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}{{icon|Tungsten ore|4}}{{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| {{icon|Tungsten plate|1}}
| {{icontech|Tungsten steel (research)}}[[Tungsten steel (research)]]
|-
! colspan=4 | Usable anywhere (Non-unique)
|-
| {{imagelink|Holmium plate}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Holmium solution|20}}
| {{icon|Holmium plate|1}}
| {{icontech|Holmium processing (research)}}[[Holmium processing (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Express transport belt}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}{{icon|Iron gear wheel|10}}{{icon|Fast transport belt|1}}{{icon|Lubricant|20}}
| {{icon|Express transport belt|1}}
| {{icontech|Logistics 3 (research)}}[[Logistics 3 (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Express underground belt}}
| {{icon|Time|2}}{{icon|Iron gear wheel|80}}{{icon|Fast underground belt|2}}{{icon|Lubricant|40}}
| {{icon|Express underground belt|2}}
| {{icontech|Logistics 3 (research)}}[[Logistics 3 (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Express splitter}}
| {{icon|Time|2}}{{icon|Iron gear wheel|10}}{{icon|Fast splitter|1}}{{icon|Advanced circuit|10}}{{icon|Lubricant|80}}
| {{icon|Express splitter|1}}
| {{icontech|Logistics 3 (research)}}[[Logistics 3 (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Fast transport belt}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}{{icon|Iron gear wheel|5}}{{icon|Transport belt|1}}
| {{icon|Fast transport belt|1}}
| {{icontech|Logistics 2 (research)}}[[Logistics 2 (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Fast underground belt}}
| {{icon|Time|2}}{{icon|Iron gear wheel|40}}{{icon|Underground belt|2}}
| {{icon|Fast underground belt|2}}
| {{icontech|Logistics 2 (research)}}[[Logistics 2 (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Fast splitter}}
| {{icon|Time|2}}{{icon|Iron gear wheel|10}}{{icon|Splitter|1}}{{icon|Electronic circuit|10}}
| {{icon|Fast splitter|1}}
| {{icontech|Logistics 2 (research)}}[[Logistics 2 (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Transport belt}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}{{icon|Iron gear wheel|1}}{{icon|Iron plate|1}}
| {{icon|Transport belt|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Underground belt}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Iron plate|10}}{{icon|Transport belt|5}}
| {{icon|Underground belt|2}}
| {{icontech|Logistics (research)}}[[Logistics (research)]]
|-
| {{imagelink|Splitter}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Iron plate|5}}{{icon|Transport belt|4}}{{icon|Electronic circuit|5}}
| {{icon|Splitter|1}}
| {{icontech|Logistics (research)}}[[Logistics (research)]]
|-
|}

†Note that the foundry recipe for making [[concrete]] can benefit from [[productivity module|productivity modules]], despite the regular concrete recipe not being able to use them.

== Efficiency ==

Most of the foundry's recipes are more efficient than creating the same items in a [[furnace]] or [[assembling machine]]. However, because of the built-in +50% productivity bonus (which applies even to items like belts that don't benefit from [[productivity module]]s), and because the same bonus also applies to the recipes for [[molten iron]] and [[molten copper]], the actual efficiency gains from using a foundry are much higher than the value listed in the recipe.

The table below compares the values of the base recipes (with 1 ore = 10 molten metal), and then shows the actual output of the recipe with the default foundry bonuses of 4 crafting speed and 150% productivity (1 ore = 15 molten metal). For example, inserting 200 [[iron ore]] into a foundry with no [[module]]s installed would result in 3,000 [[molten iron]] which could be turned into 450 [[iron plate]]s.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan = 3 | Name !! colspan = 10 | Base recipe values !! colspan = 4 | With foundry bonuses
|-
! colspan = 4 | Furnace/Assembler !! colspan = 4 | Foundry !! colspan = 2 | Efficiency !! colspan = 2 | Foundry !! colspan = 2 | Efficiency
|-
! Time !! {{icon|Iron ore}} !! {{icon|Copper ore}} !! Output !! Time !! {{icon|Molten iron}} !! {{icon|Molten copper}} !! Output !! {{icon|Iron ore}} !! {{icon|Copper ore}} !! Time !! Output !! {{icon|Iron ore}} !! {{icon|Copper ore}}
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Iron plate}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron plate|1}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron plate|2}}
| 100%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.8}}
| {{icon|Iron plate|3}}
| 225%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Steel plate}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|5}}
| -
| {{icon|Steel plate|1}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|30}}
| -
| {{icon|Steel plate|1}}
| 167%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.8}}
| {{icon|Steel plate|1.5}}
| 375%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Iron gear wheel}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|2}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron gear wheel|1}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron gear wheel|1}}
| 200%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Iron gear wheel|1.5}}
| 450%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Iron stick}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron stick|2}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron stick|4}}
| 100%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Iron stick|6}}
| 225%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Concrete}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Concrete|10}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| -
| {{icon|Concrete|10}}
| 50%
| -
| {{icon|Time|2.5}}
| {{icon|Concrete|15}}
| 113%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Pipe}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Pipe|1}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| -
| {{icon|Pipe|1}}
| 100%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Pipe|1.5}}
| 225%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Pipe to ground}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|5}}
| -
| {{icon|Pipe to ground|2}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|50}}
| -
| {{icon|Pipe to ground|2}}
| 100%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Pipe to ground|3}}
| 225%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Low density structure}}
| {{icon|Time|15}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|10}}
| {{icon|Copper ore|20}}
| {{icon|Low density structure|1}}
| {{icon|Time|15}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|80}}
| {{icon|Molten copper|250}}
| {{icon|Low density structure|1}}
| 125%
| 80%
| {{icon|Time|3.75}}
| {{icon|Low density structure|1.5}}
| 281%
| 180%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Copper plate}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| -
| {{icon|Copper ore|1}}
| {{icon|Copper plate|1}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| -
| {{icon|Molten copper|20}}
| {{icon|Copper plate|2}}
| -
| 100%
| {{icon|Time|0.8}}
| {{icon|Copper plate|3}}
| -
| 225%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Copper cable}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| -
| {{icon|Copper ore|1}}
| {{icon|Copper cable|2}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Molten copper|5}}
| {{icon|Copper cable|2}}
| -
| 200%
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Copper cable|3}}
| -
| 450%
|-
|}

=== Alternate recipe chains ===
Because the foundry can cast iron, steel, and copper plates but can also directly cast various items normally made ''from'' those plates, there exist alternate production chains, where the foundry is used to cast the plates and then another production building is used to create the final product:
* Steel can be produced by casting iron plates and refining them in an [[electric furnace]]
* Gears, iron sticks, pipes, and pipes-to-ground can be crafted by casting iron plates and feeding them to an assembler
* Copper wire can be produced by casting copper plates and feeding them to an assembler or an [[electromagnetic plant]]
* Low density structures can be produced by casting copper plates and steel plates (or, as mentioned above, casting iron plates and converting them to steel in a furnace) and feeding them to an assembler

These alternate production chains can potentially be more resource-efficient than just casting the result directly, albeit at the cost of considerably more machines (and in some cases more high-level, high-[[quality]] modules) for a given rate of output. In this case, the inherent +50% productivity bonus of the foundry does not matter, nor do any productivity modules the foundry has, because those bonuses also apply when casting the metal plates. Instead, the decision is between any productivity bonus the second production machine can provide verses the fact that most of the 'Casting' recipes cost less to begin with. (This inherent advantage is the value listed in the 'Efficiency' column under 'Base recipe values' in the above table.)

==== Concrete ====

The cast concrete alternate recipe is unique in that the base recipe it is replacing doesn't use metal plates at all, but instead raw [[iron ore]]. Thus, in this case, the inherent +50% productivity bonus of the foundry ''does'' matter, since there is no way to integrate a foundry into the production chain while using the normal recipe. This inherent bonus (which applies twice, once when melting the ore and again when casting the concrete) more than makes up for the cast concrete recipe's inherent efficiency of only 50%.

Additionally, the cast concrete recipe is considered an intermediate product and thus accepts productivity modules, while the normal recipe is considered a finished product and does not, allowing additional productivity bonuses. The ore melting step is also an intermediate product accepting productivity modules.

Finally, concrete requires non-metal ingredients as well: [[stone brick]] and [[water]]. While the cast concrete recipe has an inherent efficiency of only 50% with respect to iron ore, its inherent efficiency with respect to the other ingredients is exactly 100%. Using the foundry allows these ingredients to benefit from its inherent +50% productivity bonus, as well as any productivity modules used.

Thus it is always preferable to make concrete in the foundry if possible.

==== Steel plates ====

Initially, it seems like the electric furnace, with just 2 module slots, cannot make up for the +67% inherent efficiency boost from the cast-steel recipe. However, steel production also has an [[Steel_plate_productivity_(research)|infinite research]] which adds a productivity bonus; while this bonus applies to both casting steel and smelting steel (and ''doesn't'' apply to casting iron plates in order to smelt them into steel), the +50% inherent productivity and more module slots of the foundry give it a higher bonus to start with, meaning that the same ''absolute'' bonus makes for a larger ''relative increase'' in the electric furnace. For example, with no productivity modules, researching 5 levels of the technology will take the foundry from 150% total (not bonus) productivity to 200% productivity, boosting its output by a third. By contrast, the furnace will go from 100% total productivity to 150% productivity, boosting its output by a half. With the right combination of high-quality [[productivity module 3]]s and steel plate productivity research, it is possible to make the electric furnace production chain more efficient.

For example, a foundry with 4 legendary productivity module 3s (+25% productivity each) casting iron plates feeding an electric furnace with 2 legendary productivity module 3s and a +50% steel plate productivity has exactly the same overall efficiency as a foundry with 4 legendary productivity module 3s and the same +50% steel plate productivity casting steel plates directly, with both producing exactly 1 steel plate per 10 units of molten iron. Any additional research past that point will make the electric furnace production chain strictly better. If using mere rare productivity module 3s (+16% productivity each) instead, the changeover happens somewhere between +150% and +160% research.

Additionally, with enough levels of steel plate productivity research, it is possible to reach the hard cap of +300% productivity. Thus the absolute maximum efficiency possible for casting steel is 4/3 steel plates per 10 units of molten iron, while the electric furnace production chain can reach 2 steel plates per 10 units of molten iron.

==== Iron gear wheels ====

It is never possible for gears made in an assembler to be more efficient than those made by casting them directly. The cast gears recipe is ''twice'' as efficient as the normal one and no productivity research applies; the highest efficiency possible from an assembler, 200% from an assembler 3 with 4 legendary productivity module 3s, is only just enough to break even.

==== Iron sticks ====

Conversely, the cast iron stick recipe has no inherent resource efficiency at all, thus casting iron plates and then converting them to sticks using an assembler with ''any productivity modules at all'' is more efficient than using that same foundry to cast them directly.

==== Pipes & Pipes to ground ====

Unlike all the other items with alternate production chains here, [[pipe|pipes]] and [[pipe to ground|pipes to ground]] are not intermediate products. Thus it is not possible to use productivity modules on foundries or assemblers which are producing them. Since it ''is'' possible to use productivity modules on a foundry casting iron plates which are then converted to pipes in an assembler, and the cast recipe has no inherent resource efficiency to overcome, doing so is more efficient than casting them directly.

==== Copper cables ====

Much like iron gears, copper cables have a 200% efficient casting recipe and no researchable productivity bonus, thus it is not possible to produce them more efficiently using an assembler. However, copper cables can also be produced in the [[electromagnetic plant]], which has ''5'' module slots and an inherent +50% productivity boost of its own. So long as the electromagnetic plant's productivity is greater than +100%, this production chain is more efficient than casting directly. 5 productivity 3s of common quality (+10% productivity each) will give a productivity of exactly +100%; any better quality modules, or productivity 2s of epic quality or better, will make them more efficient.

==== Low density structure ====

Low density structures are notable because the crafting recipe has an efficiency of ''less'' than 100% with respect to copper, and while its efficiency with respect to iron is greater than 100%, it is less than the inherent efficiency of casting steel plates. Thus, even with no productivity modules or productivity research at all, casting the plates and then creating the low density structures in an assembler is more efficient. However, low density structures also require plastic, and since plastic bars cannot be cast, you are losing out on the inherent +50% productivity bonus the foundry offers:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Process
! Raw resources to make {{icon|Low density structure|1}}
|-
| Furnaces + Assemblers
| {{icon|Iron ore|10}} {{icon|Copper ore|20}} {{icon|Plastic bar|5}}
|-
| Foundry Direct
| {{icon|Iron ore|3.5}} {{icon|Copper ore|11.1}} {{icon|Plastic bar|3.33}}
|-
| Foundries + Assemblers
| {{icon|Iron ore|2.67}} {{icon|Copper ore|8.88}} {{icon|Plastic bar|5}}
|}

Note that making low density structures is subject to its own [[Low_density_structure_productivity_(research)|productivity research]], and both that, and the use of productivity modules of any kind, will make the use of the alternate production chain more attractive: the efficiency gain for iron and copper will increase, while the efficiency loss in plastic, while not entirely negated, will shrink. For example, with no efficiency boosts, the alternative production chain is 33% more efficient in iron, 25% more efficient in copper, and 33% less efficient in plastic, but with +100% productivity from research, the alternative production chain is 60% more efficient in iron, 50% more efficient in copper, and only 20% less efficient in plastic.

Additionally, the hard cap of +300% productivity applies here, too, and this ''can'' entirely negate the penalty to plastic, though the level of research required to do so is considerable.

The low density structure casting recipe does have one advantage: [[Quality]]. Because the only solid input is plastic, all it takes to make low density structures of a particular quality is to have plastic of that quality.

Furthermore, since low density structures can be [[Recycler|recycled]] back to copper and steel plates, one can use this recipe to generate high quality copper and steel plates from plastic, consuming less molten metal than many other means of producing quality plates. Additionally, if the foundry can get to the 300% low density structures productivity cap (via modules and research), then the plastic will (on average) be completely regenerated, allowing a small amount of quality plastic to produce arbitrary amounts of quality copper and steel plates, given sufficient molten metal.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}
* [[Crafting]]

{{ProductionNav}}
{{C|Producers}}

Recycler

2026-03-26T09:40:05Z

Macdjord: Phrasing

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Recycler}}
{{About/Space age}}
The '''recycler''' is a building that can convert most items into the ingredients used in their recipes, at the cost of losing 75% of said ingredients. In other words, it performs a lossy reversal of crafting.

Although it can only be crafted on Fulgora, it can be transported to be placed on other planets or [[space platform]]s. When the [[quality]] mod (which provides the recycler) is used without the [[Space Age]] mod, the recycler can be crafted on Nauvis and the research has different prerequisites.

The recycler has 4 module slots, but it cannot use [[productivity module]]s.

== Mechanics ==

When an item enters a recycler, the item's main recipe is found, and the recycler is automatically set to perform its inverse.

For each type of item used as an ingredient in the recycled item's main recipe, the number of items returned by the recycler is decided by <math>\left \lfloor 0.25 \cdot \tfrac{i}{o} + r \right\rfloor</math>, where <math>i</math> is the number of items used as ingredients, <math>o</math> is the number of items returned by the recipe, and <math>r</math> is a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 but less than 1. On average, this returns exactly 25% of the items needed to craft one item of the same type as the recycled item. For example, recycling a [[processing unit]] always gives 5 [[electronic circuit]]s while having a 50% chance of returning one [[advanced circuit]].

All fluid ingredients are lost when recycling, as the recycler has no fluid output.

Without quality modules, the resulting items have the same quality as the item being recycled, even if the latter was crafted using lower-quality ingredients. Quality modules can further increase the output's quality, just like with regular non-recycling recipes.

The recycler has 12 internal slots for its output, but can only hold one stack of each item. The recycler will try to eject the contents of these slots, much like a mining drill. It is therefore not necessary to use an inserter to collect its output. Much like the [[big mining drill]]{{SA}}, if the recycler has more than one of an individual item type in its inventory, the recycler will output stacks of materials onto a belt if the [[stack inserter]]{{SA}} has been researched.

=== Non-recyclable items ===

The broad rule governing the recycler's ability to reverse a recipe is that it can only reverse recipes made in [[assembling machine]]s of some type. There are many exceptions to this, however. For the purposes of the recycler's ability to recycle items, the [[electromagnetic plant]] counts as an "assembler". So all of its recipes count unless otherwise stated. Recipes shared by assemblers and other machines are not so clear-cut: sometimes they count as recipes for those other machines, but sometimes they count as pure assembler recipes.

Items can have multiple recipes; all that is needed for the recycler to reverse it is to find a single reversible recipe that produces that item.

If no valid recipe producing the item can be reversed, the recycler will return the same item 25% of the time (possibly with a [[quality]] bonus if the appropriate modules are used), with the other 75% destroying the item. The in-game description says "Other items are ... turned to spoilage if they were biological." Despite this, only nutrients are turned to spoilage. Most other apparently biological items, such as [[jelly]], eggs, or [[biolab]]s, get returned 25% of the time, as listed (or not listed, since eggs cannot be created in assemblers) in the table below.

Recipes which can be made in an assembler (possibly also in non-assembler buildings) which cannot be reversed:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || 0.625s || 1.6/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || 0.75s || 1.33/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || 3s || 0.33/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || 2.625s || 0.38/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || 2.625s || 0.38/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || 1.875s || 0.53/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Electromagnetic science pack}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Biolab}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Holmium plate}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Landfill}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Superconductor}} || 0.625s || 1.6/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Tungsten carbide}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Uranium fuel cell}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Wood processing}} || 0.25 || 4/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Yumako mash}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Jelly}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Iron bacteria}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper bacteria}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|}

Recipes exclusively executed by non-assembler machines, but can still be reversed:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Battery}} || 0.5s || 2/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Big mining drill}} || 3.75s || 0.27/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Fusion reactor}} || 7.5s || 0.13/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Fusion generator}} || 3.75s || 0.27/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Railgun}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Railgun turret}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Turbo underground belt}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Turbo splitter}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|}

Recipes shared by assembler/EMP and non-assembler machines which ''can'' be reversed:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Biochamber}} || 2.5s || 0.4/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Cryogenic plant}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Foundry}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Nutrients from spoilage}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|}

=== Unique recycling recipes ===

Some items have unique recycling recipes:

* Recycling [[scrap]] will perform the [[scrap recycling]] recipe, for which there is no inverse, as scrap cannot be crafted. This is used to obtain most resources on [[Fulgora]].
* Recycling [[nutrients]] will yield 2.5× that amount of [[spoilage]], as if they were made using the [[nutrients from spoilage]] recipe.

=== Stats ===

The recycling recipe for an item, other than scrap, is equal to 1/16th (0.0625) of the time it takes to craft that item. Note that this '''does not''' care about how many products an item's recipe produces, e.g. [[iron gear wheel|iron gears]] and [[iron stick|iron sticks]] both craft in 0.5s and thus have the same recycling time, even though you get two sticks per 0.5s craft but only one gear per 0.5s craft. (Items without recipes, such as ore, are treated as having a crafting time of 0.5 seconds.) However, because the recycler has a base crafting speed of 0.5, the time it takes one recycler to recycle one item without modules or beacons is effectively 1/8th (0.125) of the item's crafting time. For example, the time it takes to craft a [[steel plate]] in a [[stone furnace]] (which has a crafting speed of 1) is 16 seconds, and so recycling a steel plate takes 2 seconds. Some items with long crafting times (most notably [[steel plate]]s and [[concrete]]) can be processed much more quickly by crafting them into other items and then recycling the result instead.

The following table provides some examples of how long it takes a recycler without modules or beacons to recycle one of that item, and the rate at which it recycles those items.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel plate}} || 2.0s || 0.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Low density structure}} || 1.875s || 0.533/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Processing unit}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Concrete}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Advanced circuit}} || 0.75s || 1.33/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper plate}} || 0.4s || 2.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel chest}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Iron ore}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Hazard concrete}} || 0.03125s || 32/s
|}

The scrap recycling recipe takes 0.2 seconds, meaning that it actually takes 0.4 seconds to run in a recycler, so a recycler takes in 2.5 scrap/s. The output rates are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Input !! Output !! Chance !! Rate
|-
|rowspan="12"| {{Imagelink|Scrap|space-age=yes}} || {{Imagelink|Iron gear wheel}} || 20% || 0.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Solid fuel}} || 7% || 0.175/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Concrete}} || 6% || 0.15/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Ice|space-age=yes}} || 5% || 0.125/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel plate}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Battery}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stone}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper cable}} || 3% || 0.075/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Advanced circuit}} || 3% || 0.075/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Processing unit}} || 2% || 0.05/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Low density structure}} || 1% || 0.025/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Holmium ore|space-age=yes}} || 1% || 0.025/s
|}

In total, the recycler spits out 1.5 items/s, meaning 10 recyclers are just enough to saturate a yellow belt. The output values are increased by [[Scrap recycling productivity (research)|scrap recycling productivity research]].

=== Technical details ===

Internally, the recycler uses the [https://lua-api.factorio.com/latest/prototypes/FurnacePrototype.html furnace prototype], which performs recipes that are automatically selected based on input ingredients. Every item in the game has its own "recycling" recipe, those recipes can only be performed by a recycler.

Since there are hundreds of items in the game, as well as to ensure compatibility with third-party mods, most recycling recipes are not explicitly defined. Instead, recycling recipes are procedurally generated based on existing recipes. Depending on whether or not the item is deemed "recyclable", these procedurally generated recipes will either output a quarter of an item's ingredients or have a 25% chance of outputting the item itself.

The recyclabillity of most items is based on the category of their recipes, with some exceptions being explicitly filtered by the name of the recipe's prototype. Furthermore, items with multiple viable recycling recipes are made non-recyclable to avoid ambiguity, and recipes with multiple different products will fail to generate a recycling recipe, thereby making them irreversible as a default. Third-party mods can also explicitly make a recipe irreversible by setting the recipe's <code>auto_recycle</code> field to <code>false</code>.

The scrap recycling recipe is a special case, as it is the only hard-coded recipe. It is also the only recycling recipe that is not hidden from the player, and which can be performed without a recycler. (Notably, this recipe is defined by the Space Age mod rather than the Quality mod, as scrap is exclusive to the former.)

The generation of recycling recipes, as well as the filtering of non-recyclable recipes, is defined by the file <code>recycling.lua</code> in the Quality mod's prototype folder. More specifically, the function <code>default_can_recycle</code> decides whether a given recipe can be recycled or not, and the function <code>add_recipe_values</code> does most of the configuration of recycling recipes, which includes setting the products of these recipes and how long they take to perform.

== Trivia ==
* If the recycled item has a fluid ingredient, then the smoke emitted from the recycler matches the fluid in colour.

== Gallery ==
[[File:Fff-375-recycler-freezeframe.png|500px]]

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Quality]]{{SA}}
* [[Tutorial:Scrap recycling strategies]]{{SA}}

{{ProductionNav}}
{{C|Furnaces}}

Recycler

2026-03-26T09:16:26Z

Macdjord: Fix formatting error

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Recycler}}
{{About/Space age}}
The '''recycler''' is a building that can convert most items into the ingredients used in their recipes, at the cost of losing 75% of said ingredients. In other words, it performs a lossy reversal of crafting.

Although it can only be crafted on Fulgora, it can be transported to be placed on other planets or [[space platform]]s. When the [[quality]] mod (which provides the recycler) is used without the [[Space Age]] mod, the recycler can be crafted on Nauvis and the research has different prerequisites.

The recycler has 4 module slots, but it cannot use [[productivity module]]s.

== Mechanics ==

When an item enters a recycler, the item's main recipe is found, and the recycler is automatically set to perform its inverse.

For each type of item used as an ingredient in the recycled item's main recipe, the number of items returned by the recycler is decided by <math>\left \lfloor 0.25 \cdot \tfrac{i}{o} + r \right\rfloor</math>, where <math>i</math> is the number of items used as ingredients, <math>o</math> is the number of items returned by the recipe, and <math>r</math> is a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 but less than 1. On average, this returns exactly 25% of the items needed to craft one item of the same type as the recycled item. For example, recycling a [[processing unit]] always gives 5 [[electronic circuit]]s while having a 50% chance of returning one [[advanced circuit]].

All fluid ingredients are lost when recycling, as the recycler has no fluid output.

Without quality modules, the resulting items have the same quality as the item being recycled, even if the latter was crafted using lower-quality ingredients. Quality modules can further increase the output's quality, just like with regular non-recycling recipes.

The recycler has 12 internal slots for its output, but can only hold one stack of each item. The recycler will try to eject the contents of these slots, much like a mining drill. It is therefore not necessary to use an inserter to collect its output. Much like the [[big mining drill]]{{SA}}, if the recycler has more than one of an individual item type in its inventory, the recycler will output stacks of materials onto a belt if the [[stack inserter]]{{SA}} has been researched.

=== Non-recyclable items ===

The broad rule governing the recycler's ability to reverse a recipe is that it can only reverse recipes made in [[assembling machine]]s of some type. There are many exceptions to this, however. For the purposes of the recycler's ability to recycle items, the [[electromagnetic plant]] counts as an "assembler". So all of its recipes count unless otherwise stated. Recipes shared by assemblers and other machines are not so clear-cut: sometimes they count as recipes for those other machines, but sometimes they count as pure assembler recipes.

Items can have multiple recipes; all that is needed for the recycler to reverse it is to find a single reversible recipe that produces that item.

If no valid recipe producing the item can be reversed, the recycler will return the same item 25% of the time (possibly with a [[quality]] bonus if the appropriate modules are used), with the other 75% destroying the item. The in-game description says "Other items are ... turned to spoilage if they were biological." Despite this, only nutrients are turned to spoilage. Most other apparently biological items, such as [[jelly]], eggs, or [[biolab]]s, get returned 25% of the time, as listed (or not listed, since eggs cannot be created in assemblers) in the table below.

Recipes which can be made in an assembler (possibly also in non-assembler buildings) which cannot be reversed:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || 0.625s || 1.6/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || 0.75s || 1.33/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || 3s || 0.33/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || 2.625s || 0.38/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || 2.625s || 0.38/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || 1.875s || 0.53/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Electromagnetic science pack}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Biolab}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Holmium plate}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Landfill}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Superconductor}} || 0.625s || 1.6/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Tungsten carbide}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Uranium fuel cell}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Wood processing}} || 0.25 || 4/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Yumako mash}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Jelly}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Iron bacteria}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper bacteria}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|}

Recipes exclusively executed by non-assembler machines, but can still be reversed:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Battery}} || 0.5s || 2/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Big mining drill}} || 3.75s || 0.27/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Fusion reactor}} || 7.5s || 0.13/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Fusion generator}} || 3.75s || 0.27/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Railgun}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Railgun turret}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Turbo underground belt}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Turbo splitter}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|}

Recipes shared by assembler/EMP and non-assembler machines which ''can'' be reversed:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Biochamber}} || 2.5s || 0.4/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Cryogenic plant}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Foundry}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Nutrients from spoilage}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|}

=== Unique recycling recipes ===

Some items have unique recycling recipes:

* Recycling [[scrap]] will perform the [[scrap recycling]] recipe, for which there is no inverse, as scrap cannot be crafted. This is used to obtain most resources on [[Fulgora]].
* Recycling [[nutrients]] will yield 2.5× that amount of [[spoilage]], as if they were made using the [[nutrients from spoilage]] recipe.

=== Stats ===

The recycling recipe for an item, other than scrap, is equal to 1/16th (0.0625) of the time it takes to craft that item. Note that this '''does not''' take into account how many products an item's recipe produces, e.g. [[iron gear wheel|iron gears]] and [[iron stick|iron sticks]] both have the same crafting time and thus the same recycling time, even though sticks are produced two at a time while gears are produced one at a time. (Items without recipes, such as ore, are treated as having a crafting time of 0.5 seconds.) However, because the recycler has a base crafting speed of 0.5, the time it takes one recycler to recycle one item without modules or beacons is effectively 1/8th (0.125) of the item's crafting time. For example, the time it takes to craft a [[steel plate]] in a [[stone furnace]] (which has a crafting speed of 1) is 16 seconds, and so recycling a steel plate takes 2 seconds. Some items with long crafting times (most notably [[steel plate]]s and [[concrete]]) can be processed much more quickly by crafting them into other items and then recycling the result instead.

The following table provides some examples of how long it takes a recycler without modules or beacons to recycle one of that item, and the rate at which it recycles those items.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel plate}} || 2.0s || 0.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Low density structure}} || 1.875s || 0.533/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Processing unit}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Concrete}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Advanced circuit}} || 0.75s || 1.33/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper plate}} || 0.4s || 2.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel chest}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Iron ore}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Hazard concrete}} || 0.03125s || 32/s
|}

The scrap recycling recipe takes 0.2 seconds, meaning that it actually takes 0.4 seconds to run in a recycler, so a recycler takes in 2.5 scrap/s. The output rates are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Input !! Output !! Chance !! Rate
|-
|rowspan="12"| {{Imagelink|Scrap|space-age=yes}} || {{Imagelink|Iron gear wheel}} || 20% || 0.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Solid fuel}} || 7% || 0.175/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Concrete}} || 6% || 0.15/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Ice|space-age=yes}} || 5% || 0.125/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel plate}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Battery}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stone}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper cable}} || 3% || 0.075/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Advanced circuit}} || 3% || 0.075/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Processing unit}} || 2% || 0.05/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Low density structure}} || 1% || 0.025/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Holmium ore|space-age=yes}} || 1% || 0.025/s
|}

In total, the recycler spits out 1.5 items/s, meaning 10 recyclers are just enough to saturate a yellow belt. The output values are increased by [[Scrap recycling productivity (research)|scrap recycling productivity research]].

=== Technical details ===

Internally, the recycler uses the [https://lua-api.factorio.com/latest/prototypes/FurnacePrototype.html furnace prototype], which performs recipes that are automatically selected based on input ingredients. Every item in the game has its own "recycling" recipe, those recipes can only be performed by a recycler.

Since there are hundreds of items in the game, as well as to ensure compatibility with third-party mods, most recycling recipes are not explicitly defined. Instead, recycling recipes are procedurally generated based on existing recipes. Depending on whether or not the item is deemed "recyclable", these procedurally generated recipes will either output a quarter of an item's ingredients or have a 25% chance of outputting the item itself.

The recyclabillity of most items is based on the category of their recipes, with some exceptions being explicitly filtered by the name of the recipe's prototype. Furthermore, items with multiple viable recycling recipes are made non-recyclable to avoid ambiguity, and recipes with multiple different products will fail to generate a recycling recipe, thereby making them irreversible as a default. Third-party mods can also explicitly make a recipe irreversible by setting the recipe's <code>auto_recycle</code> field to <code>false</code>.

The scrap recycling recipe is a special case, as it is the only hard-coded recipe. It is also the only recycling recipe that is not hidden from the player, and which can be performed without a recycler. (Notably, this recipe is defined by the Space Age mod rather than the Quality mod, as scrap is exclusive to the former.)

The generation of recycling recipes, as well as the filtering of non-recyclable recipes, is defined by the file <code>recycling.lua</code> in the Quality mod's prototype folder. More specifically, the function <code>default_can_recycle</code> decides whether a given recipe can be recycled or not, and the function <code>add_recipe_values</code> does most of the configuration of recycling recipes, which includes setting the products of these recipes and how long they take to perform.

== Trivia ==
* If the recycled item has a fluid ingredient, then the smoke emitted from the recycler matches the fluid in colour.

== Gallery ==
[[File:Fff-375-recycler-freezeframe.png|500px]]

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Quality]]{{SA}}
* [[Tutorial:Scrap recycling strategies]]{{SA}}

{{ProductionNav}}
{{C|Furnaces}}

Recycler

2026-03-26T09:09:52Z

Macdjord: Note how recycling recipe times are affected by recipes with multiple outputs

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Recycler}}
{{About/Space age}}
The '''recycler''' is a building that can convert most items into the ingredients used in their recipes, at the cost of losing 75% of said ingredients. In other words, it performs a lossy reversal of crafting.

Although it can only be crafted on Fulgora, it can be transported to be placed on other planets or [[space platform]]s. When the [[quality]] mod (which provides the recycler) is used without the [[Space Age]] mod, the recycler can be crafted on Nauvis and the research has different prerequisites.

The recycler has 4 module slots, but it cannot use [[productivity module]]s.

== Mechanics ==

When an item enters a recycler, the item's main recipe is found, and the recycler is automatically set to perform its inverse.

For each type of item used as an ingredient in the recycled item's main recipe, the number of items returned by the recycler is decided by <math>\left \lfloor 0.25 \cdot \tfrac{i}{o} + r \right\rfloor</math>, where <math>i</math> is the number of items used as ingredients, <math>o</math> is the number of items returned by the recipe, and <math>r</math> is a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 but less than 1. On average, this returns exactly 25% of the items needed to craft one item of the same type as the recycled item. For example, recycling a [[processing unit]] always gives 5 [[electronic circuit]]s while having a 50% chance of returning one [[advanced circuit]].

All fluid ingredients are lost when recycling, as the recycler has no fluid output.

Without quality modules, the resulting items have the same quality as the item being recycled, even if the latter was crafted using lower-quality ingredients. Quality modules can further increase the output's quality, just like with regular non-recycling recipes.

The recycler has 12 internal slots for its output, but can only hold one stack of each item. The recycler will try to eject the contents of these slots, much like a mining drill. It is therefore not necessary to use an inserter to collect its output. Much like the [[big mining drill]]{{SA}}, if the recycler has more than one of an individual item type in its inventory, the recycler will output stacks of materials onto a belt if the [[stack inserter]]{{SA}} has been researched.

=== Non-recyclable items ===

The broad rule governing the recycler's ability to reverse a recipe is that it can only reverse recipes made in [[assembling machine]]s of some type. There are many exceptions to this, however. For the purposes of the recycler's ability to recycle items, the [[electromagnetic plant]] counts as an "assembler". So all of its recipes count unless otherwise stated. Recipes shared by assemblers and other machines are not so clear-cut: sometimes they count as recipes for those other machines, but sometimes they count as pure assembler recipes.

Items can have multiple recipes; all that is needed for the recycler to reverse it is to find a single reversible recipe that produces that item.

If no valid recipe producing the item can be reversed, the recycler will return the same item 25% of the time (possibly with a [[quality]] bonus if the appropriate modules are used), with the other 75% destroying the item. The in-game description says "Other items are ... turned to spoilage if they were biological." Despite this, only nutrients are turned to spoilage. Most other apparently biological items, such as [[jelly]], eggs, or [[biolab]]s, get returned 25% of the time, as listed (or not listed, since eggs cannot be created in assemblers) in the table below.

Recipes which can be made in an assembler (possibly also in non-assembler buildings) which cannot be reversed:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || 0.625s || 1.6/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || 0.75s || 1.33/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || 3s || 0.33/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || 2.625s || 0.38/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || 2.625s || 0.38/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || 1.875s || 0.53/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Electromagnetic science pack}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Biolab}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Holmium plate}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Landfill}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Superconductor}} || 0.625s || 1.6/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Tungsten carbide}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Uranium fuel cell}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Wood processing}} || 0.25 || 4/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Yumako mash}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Jelly}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Iron bacteria}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper bacteria}} || 0.125s || 8/s
|}

Recipes exclusively executed by non-assembler machines, but can still be reversed:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Battery}} || 0.5s || 2/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Big mining drill}} || 3.75s || 0.27/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Fusion reactor}} || 7.5s || 0.13/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Fusion generator}} || 3.75s || 0.27/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Railgun}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Railgun turret}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Turbo underground belt}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Turbo splitter}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|}

Recipes shared by assembler/EMP and non-assembler machines which ''can'' be reversed:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler Input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{imagelink|Biochamber}} || 2.5s || 0.4/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Cryogenic plant}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Foundry}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{imagelink|Nutrients from spoilage}} || 0.25s || 4/s
|}

=== Unique recycling recipes ===

Some items have unique recycling recipes:

* Recycling [[scrap]] will perform the [[scrap recycling]] recipe, for which there is no inverse, as scrap cannot be crafted. This is used to obtain most resources on [[Fulgora]].
* Recycling [[nutrients]] will yield 2.5× that amount of [[spoilage]], as if they were made using the [[nutrients from spoilage]] recipe.

=== Stats ===

The recycling recipe for an item, other than scrap, is equal to 1/16th (0.0625) of the time it takes to craft that item. Note that this **does not** take into account how many products an item's recipe produces, e.g. [[iron gear wheel|iron gears]] and [[iron stick|iron sticks]] both have the same crafting time and thus the same recycling time, even though sticks are produced two at a time while gears are produced one at a time. (Items without recipes, such as ore, are treated as having a crafting time of 0.5 seconds.) However, because the recycler has a base crafting speed of 0.5, the time it takes one recycler to recycle one item without modules or beacons is effectively 1/8th (0.125) of the item's crafting time. For example, the time it takes to craft a [[steel plate]] in a [[stone furnace]] (which has a crafting speed of 1) is 16 seconds, and so recycling a steel plate takes 2 seconds. Some items with long crafting times (most notably [[steel plate]]s and [[concrete]]) can be processed much more quickly by crafting them into other items and then recycling the result instead.

The following table provides some examples of how long it takes a recycler without modules or beacons to recycle one of that item, and the rate at which it recycles those items.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left !important;"
|-
! Recycler input !! Time !! Rate
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel plate}} || 2.0s || 0.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Low density structure}} || 1.875s || 0.533/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Processing unit}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Concrete}} || 1.25s || 0.8/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Advanced circuit}} || 0.75s || 1.33/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper plate}} || 0.4s || 2.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel chest}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Iron ore}} || 0.0625s || 16/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Hazard concrete}} || 0.03125s || 32/s
|}

The scrap recycling recipe takes 0.2 seconds, meaning that it actually takes 0.4 seconds to run in a recycler, so a recycler takes in 2.5 scrap/s. The output rates are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Input !! Output !! Chance !! Rate
|-
|rowspan="12"| {{Imagelink|Scrap|space-age=yes}} || {{Imagelink|Iron gear wheel}} || 20% || 0.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Solid fuel}} || 7% || 0.175/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Concrete}} || 6% || 0.15/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Ice|space-age=yes}} || 5% || 0.125/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel plate}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Battery}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stone}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper cable}} || 3% || 0.075/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Advanced circuit}} || 3% || 0.075/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Processing unit}} || 2% || 0.05/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Low density structure}} || 1% || 0.025/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Holmium ore|space-age=yes}} || 1% || 0.025/s
|}

In total, the recycler spits out 1.5 items/s, meaning 10 recyclers are just enough to saturate a yellow belt. The output values are increased by [[Scrap recycling productivity (research)|scrap recycling productivity research]].

=== Technical details ===

Internally, the recycler uses the [https://lua-api.factorio.com/latest/prototypes/FurnacePrototype.html furnace prototype], which performs recipes that are automatically selected based on input ingredients. Every item in the game has its own "recycling" recipe, those recipes can only be performed by a recycler.

Since there are hundreds of items in the game, as well as to ensure compatibility with third-party mods, most recycling recipes are not explicitly defined. Instead, recycling recipes are procedurally generated based on existing recipes. Depending on whether or not the item is deemed "recyclable", these procedurally generated recipes will either output a quarter of an item's ingredients or have a 25% chance of outputting the item itself.

The recyclabillity of most items is based on the category of their recipes, with some exceptions being explicitly filtered by the name of the recipe's prototype. Furthermore, items with multiple viable recycling recipes are made non-recyclable to avoid ambiguity, and recipes with multiple different products will fail to generate a recycling recipe, thereby making them irreversible as a default. Third-party mods can also explicitly make a recipe irreversible by setting the recipe's <code>auto_recycle</code> field to <code>false</code>.

The scrap recycling recipe is a special case, as it is the only hard-coded recipe. It is also the only recycling recipe that is not hidden from the player, and which can be performed without a recycler. (Notably, this recipe is defined by the Space Age mod rather than the Quality mod, as scrap is exclusive to the former.)

The generation of recycling recipes, as well as the filtering of non-recyclable recipes, is defined by the file <code>recycling.lua</code> in the Quality mod's prototype folder. More specifically, the function <code>default_can_recycle</code> decides whether a given recipe can be recycled or not, and the function <code>add_recipe_values</code> does most of the configuration of recycling recipes, which includes setting the products of these recipes and how long they take to perform.

== Trivia ==
* If the recycled item has a fluid ingredient, then the smoke emitted from the recycler matches the fluid in colour.

== Gallery ==
[[File:Fff-375-recycler-freezeframe.png|500px]]

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Quality]]{{SA}}
* [[Tutorial:Scrap recycling strategies]]{{SA}}

{{ProductionNav}}
{{C|Furnaces}}

Foundry

2024-12-14T10:16:28Z

Macdjord: Add other alternative production chains besides LDS

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Foundry}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
The '''Foundry''' is a version of the [[assembling machine]] from [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}} that specializes in metallurgy. It has a built-in 50% productivity bonus.

The foundry can only be crafted on Vulcanus due to its higher atmospheric pressure, but it can be used on other planets once transported via [[space platform]].

== Recipes ==

The Foundry has twenty available unique recipes, of which one must be set before it can begin processing.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Recipe !! Ingredients !! Products !! Technology required
|-
| {{imagelink|Molten iron from lava}}
| {{icon|Time|16}}{{icon|Calcite|1}}{{icon|Lava|500}}
| {{icon|Stone|10}}{{icon|Molten iron|250}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Molten copper from lava}}
| {{icon|Time|16}}{{icon|Calcite|1}}{{icon|Lava|500}}
| {{icon|Stone|15}}{{icon|Molten copper|250}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Molten iron}}
| {{icon|Time|32}}{{icon|Iron ore|50}}{{icon|Calcite|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|500}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Molten copper}}
| {{icon|Time|32}}{{icon|Copper ore|50}}{{icon|Calcite|1}}
| {{icon|Molten copper|500}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting iron}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}{{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| {{icon|Iron plate|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting copper}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}{{icon|Molten copper|20}}
| {{icon|Copper plate|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting steel}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}{{icon|Molten iron|30}}
| {{icon|Steel plate|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting iron gear wheel}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| {{icon|Iron gear wheel|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting iron stick}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| {{icon|Iron stick|4}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting low density structure}}
| {{icon|Time|15}}{{icon|Plastic bar|5}}{{icon|Molten iron|80}}{{icon|Molten copper|250}}
| {{icon|Low density structure|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Concrete from molten iron}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}{{icon|Stone brick|5}}{{icon|Molten iron|20}}{{icon|Water|100}}
| {{icon|Concrete|10}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting copper cable}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Molten copper|5}}
| {{icon|Copper cable|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting pipe}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| {{icon|Pipe|1}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Casting pipe to ground}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}{{icon|Pipe|10}}{{icon|Molten iron|50}}
| {{icon|Pipe to ground|2}}
| -
|-
| {{imagelink|Tungsten plate}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}{{icon|Tungsten ore|4}}{{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| {{icon|Tungsten plate|1}}
| {{imagelink|Tungsten steel (research)}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Metallurgic science pack}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}{{icon|Tungsten carbide|3}}{{icon|Tungsten plate|2}}{{icon|Molten copper|200}}
| {{icon|Metallurgic science pack|1}}
| {{imagelink|Metallurgic science pack (research)}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Big mining drill}}
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Advanced circuit|10}}{{icon|Electric engine unit|10}}{{icon|Tungsten carbide|20}}{{icon|Electric mining drill|1}}{{icon|Molten iron|200}}
| {{icon|Big mining drill|1}}
| {{imagelink|Big mining drill (research)}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}{{icon|Tungsten plate|5}}{{icon|Express transport belt|1}}{{icon|Lubricant|20}}
| {{icon|Turbo transport belt|1}}
| {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt (research)}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo underground belt}}
| {{icon|Time|2}}{{icon|Tungsten plate|40}}{{icon|Express underground belt|2}}{{icon|Lubricant|40}}
| {{icon|Turbo underground belt|2}}
| {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt (research)}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Turbo splitter}}
| {{icon|Time|2}}{{icon|Processing unit|2}}{{icon|Tungsten plate|15}}{{icon|Express splitter|2}}{{icon|Lubricant|80}}
| {{icon|Turbo splitter|1}}
| {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt (research)}}
|-
|}

Note that the foundry recipe for making [[concrete]] can benefit from [[productivity module]]s, despite the regular concrete recipe not being able to use them.

Additionally, the foundry can also make other foundries, all [[Transport belts|belt]] types, and {{NavboxIconLink|Holmium plate|holmium plates}}, all of which use the same recipes as assembling machines.

== Efficiency ==

Most of the foundry's recipes are more efficient than creating the same items in a [[furnace]] or [[assembling machine]]. However, because of the built-in +50% productivity bonus (which applies even to items like belts that don't benefit from [[productivity module]]s), and because the same bonus also applies to the recipes for [[molten iron]] and [[molten copper]], the actual efficiency gains from using a foundry are much higher than the value listed in the recipe.

The table below compares the values of the base recipes (with 1 ore = 10 molten metal), and then shows the actual output of the recipe with the default foundry bonuses of 4 crafting speed and 150% productivity (1 ore = 15 molten metal). For example, inserting 200 [[iron ore]] into a foundry with no [[module]]s installed would result in 3,000 [[molten iron]] which could be turned into 450 [[iron plate]]s.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan = 3 | Name !! colspan = 10 | Base recipe values !! colspan = 4 | With foundry bonuses
|-
! colspan = 4 | Furnace/Assembler !! colspan = 4 | Foundry !! colspan = 2 | Efficiency !! colspan = 2 | Foundry !! colspan = 2 | Efficiency
|-
! Time !! {{icon|Iron ore}} !! {{icon|Copper ore}} !! Output !! Time !! {{icon|Molten iron}} !! {{icon|Molten copper}} !! Output !! {{icon|Iron ore}} !! {{icon|Copper ore}} !! Time !! Output !! {{icon|Iron ore}} !! {{icon|Copper ore}}
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Iron plate}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron plate|1}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron plate|2}}
| 100%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.8}}
| {{icon|Iron plate|3}}
| 225%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Steel plate}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|5}}
| -
| {{icon|Steel plate|1}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|30}}
| -
| {{icon|Steel plate|1}}
| 167%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.8}}
| {{icon|Steel plate|1.5}}
| 375%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Iron gear wheel}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|2}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron gear wheel|1}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron gear wheel|1}}
| 200%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Iron gear wheel|1.5}}
| 450%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Iron stick}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron stick|2}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| -
| {{icon|Iron stick|4}}
| 100%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Iron stick|6}}
| 225%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Concrete}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Concrete|10}}
| {{icon|Time|10}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|20}}
| -
| {{icon|Concrete|10}}
| 50%
| -
| {{icon|Time|2.5}}
| {{icon|Concrete|15}}
| 113%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Pipe}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Pipe|1}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|10}}
| -
| {{icon|Pipe|1}}
| 100%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Pipe|1.5}}
| 225%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Pipe to ground}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|5}}
| -
| {{icon|Pipe to ground|2}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|50}}
| -
| {{icon|Pipe to ground|2}}
| 100%
| -
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Pipe to ground|3}}
| 225%
| -
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Low density structure}}
| {{icon|Time|15}}
| {{icon|Iron ore|10}}
| {{icon|Copper ore|20}}
| {{icon|Low density structure|1}}
| {{icon|Time|15}}
| {{icon|Molten iron|80}}
| {{icon|Molten copper|250}}
| {{icon|Low density structure|1}}
| 125%
| 80%
| {{icon|Time|3.75}}
| {{icon|Low density structure|1.5}}
| 281%
| 180%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Copper plate}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| -
| {{icon|Copper ore|1}}
| {{icon|Copper plate|1}}
| {{icon|Time|3.2}}
| -
| {{icon|Molten copper|20}}
| {{icon|Copper plate|2}}
| -
| 100%
| {{icon|Time|0.8}}
| {{icon|Copper plate|3}}
| -
| 225%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{imagelink|Copper cable}}
| {{icon|Time|0.5}}
| -
| {{icon|Copper ore|1}}
| {{icon|Copper cable|2}}
| {{icon|Time|1}}
| -
| {{icon|Molten copper|5}}
| {{icon|Copper cable|2}}
| -
| 200%
| {{icon|Time|0.25}}
| {{icon|Copper cable|3}}
| -
| 450%
|-
|}

=== Alternate recipe chains ===
Because the foundry can cast iron, steel, and copper plates but can also directly cast various items normally made ''from'' those plates, there exist alternate production chains, where the foundry is used to cast the plates and then another production building is used to create the final product:
* Steel can be produced by casting iron plates and refining them in an [[electric furnace]]
* Gears, iron sticks, pipes, and pipes-to-ground can be smelting by casting iron plates and feeding them to an assembler
* Copper wire can be produced by casting copper plates and feeding them to an assembler or an [[electromagnetic plant]]
* LDS can be produced by casting copper plates and steel plates (or, as mentioned above, casting iron plates and converting them to steel in a furnace) and feeding them to an assembler

These alternate production chains can potentially be more resource-efficient than just casting the result directly, albeit at the cost of considerably more machines (and in some cases more high-level, high-[[quality]] modules) for a given rate of output. In this case, the inherent +50% productivity bonus of the foundry does not matter, nor do any productivity modules the foundry has, because those bonuses also apply when casting the metal plates. Instead, the decision is between any productivity bonus the second production machine can provide verses the fact that most of the 'Casting' recipes cost less to begin with. (This inherent advantage is the value listed in the 'Efficiency' column under 'Base recipe values' in the above table.)

==== Steel plates ====

Initially, it seems like the electric furnace, with just 2 module slots, cannot make up for the 67% inherent efficiency boost from the cast-steel recipe. However, steel production also has an [[Steel_plate_productivity_(research)|infinite research]] which adds a productivity bonus; while this bonus applies to both casting steel and smelting steel (and ''doesn't'' apply to casting iron plates in order to smelt them into steel), the 50% inherent productivity and more module slots of the foundry give it a higher bonus to start with, meaning that the same ''absolute'' bonus makes for a larger ''relative increase'' in the electric furnace. (For example, with no productivity modules, researching 5 levels of the technology will take the foundry from 150% productivity to 200% productivity, boosting its output by a third, while the furnace will go from 100% productivity to 150% productivity, boosting its output by a half.) With the right combination of high-quality [[productivity module 3]]s and steel plate productivity research, it is possible to make the electric furnace production chain more efficient.

For example, a foundry with 4 legendary productivity module 3s (+25% productivity each) casting iron plates feeding an electric furnace with 2 legendary productivity module 3s and a +50% steel plate productivity has exactly the same overall efficiency as a foundry with 4 legendary productivity module 3s and the same +50% steel plate productivity casting steel plates directly, with both producing exactly 1 steel plate per 10 units of molten iron. Any additional research past that point will make the electric furnace production chain strictly better. If using mere rare productivity module 3s (+16% productivity each) instead, the changeover happens somewhere between +150% and +160% research.

Additionally, with enough levels of steel plate productivity research, it is possible to reach the hard cap of 400% efficiency. Thus the absolute maximum efficiency possible for casting steel is 4/3 steel plates per 10 units of molten iron, while the electric furnace production chain can reach 2 steel plates per 10 units of molten iron.

==== Iron gear wheels ====

It is never possible for gears made in an assembler to be more efficient than those made by casting them directly. The cast gears recipe is ''twice'' as efficient as the normal one and no productivity research applies; the highest efficiency possible from an assembler, 200% from an assembler 3 with 4 legendary productivity module 3s, is only just enough to break even.

==== Iron sticks ====

Conversely, the cast iron stick recipe has no inherent resource efficiency at all, thus casting iron plates and then converting them to sticks using an assembler with ''any productivity modules at all'' is more efficient than using that same foundry to cast them directly.

==== Pipes & Pipes-to-ground ====

Unlike all the other items with alternate production chains here, [[pipe|pipes]] and [[pipe to ground|pipes-to-ground]] are not intermediate products. Thus it is not possible to use productivity modules on foundries or assemblers which are producing them. Since it ''is'' possible to use productivity modules on a foundry casting iron plates which are then converted to pipes in an assembler, doing so is more efficient than casting them directly.

==== Copper cables ====

Much like iron gears, copper cables have a 200% efficient casting recipe and no researchable productivity bonus, thus it is not possible to produce them more efficiently using an assembler. However, copper cables can also be produced in the [[electromagnetic plant]], which has ''5'' module slots and an inherent +50% productivity boost of its own. So long as the EM plant's total productivity is greater than 200%, this production chain is more efficient than casting directly. 5 productivity 3s of common quality (+10% productivity each) will give a total productivity of exactly 200%; any better quality modules, or productivity 2s of epic quality or better, will make them more efficient.

==== Low density structure ====

LDS are notable because the crafting recipe has an efficiency of ''less'' than 100% with respect to copper, and while its efficiency with respect to iron is greater than 100%, it is less than the inherent efficiency of casting steel plates. Thus, even with no efficiency modules or productivity research at all, casting the plates and then creating the LDS in an assembler is more efficient. However, LDS also require plastic, and since plastic bars cannot be cast, you are losing out on the inherent +50% productivity bonus the foundry offers:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Process
! Raw resources to make {{icon|Low density structure|1}}
|-
| Furnaces + Assemblers
| {{icon|Iron ore|10}} {{icon|Copper ore|20}} {{icon|Plastic bar|5}}
|-
| Foundry Direct
| {{icon|Iron ore|3.5}} {{icon|Copper ore|11.1}} {{icon|Plastic bar|3.33}}
|-
| Foundries + Assemblers
| {{icon|Iron ore|2.67}} {{icon|Copper ore|8.88}} {{icon|Plastic bar|5}}
|}

Note that making LDS is subject to its own [[Low_density_structure_productivity_(research)|productivity research]], and both that, and the use of productivity modules of any kind, will make the use of the alternate production chain more attractive: the efficiency gain for iron and copper will increase, while the efficiency loss in plastic, while not entirely negated, will shrink. For example, with no efficiency boosts, the alternative production chain is 33% more efficient in iron, 25% more efficient in copper, and 33% less efficient in plastic, but with +100% productivity from research, the alternative production chain is 60% more efficient in iron, 50% more efficient in copper, and only 20% less efficient in plastic.

Additionally, the hard cap of 400% total efficiency applies here, too, and this ''can'' entirely negate the penalty to plastic, though the level of research required to do do is considerable.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}
* [[Crafting]]

{{ProductionNav}}
{{C|Producers}}

Reactor

2024-04-02T18:10:04Z

Macdjord: Create 'Rector' as redirect to 'Nuclear Reactor'

#REDIRECT[[Nuclear_reactor]]

Train stop

2024-03-17T00:31:35Z

Macdjord: Note that disabling a stop will not evict a train already parked in that stop

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Train stop}}

'''Train stops''' are used to automate item transportation by trains by providing nameable locations for trains to travel to. Like [[locomotive]]s, the color of the stops can be customized. Furthermore, the stop can be named, with [[rich text]] making it possible to further customize the name, such as by adding item icons.

== Mechanics ==
Train stops are used to denote a place for a train to stop. Every placed train stop will appear as a possible stop in the scheduling area of a [[Railway#Train_schedule|train]]'s GUI. This can be used to create loading and unloading stations for trains.

When there are multiple train stops with the same name, trains will always travel to the closest stop. "Closest" in this case does not mean rail distance, instead the [[Railway/Train_path_finding|pathfinding distance]] is used. This distance is influenced by trains on the track, in addition to rail distance, so empty train stops are preferred over occupied ones if the empty stop is not too far away.

Opening the GUI of a stop will show the information of every train connected to that stop, including its name, current activity and location on the map. Additionally, it is possible to set a train limit for train stops via their GUI or with the circuit network. Only the set amount of trains may reserve the train stop as their destination when trying to path to it. If the train limit is lowered below the amount of trains that currently have the stop reserved as their destination, those trains will continue to go to the stop.<sup>[https://factorio.com/blog/post/fff-361]<sup>

Trains will attempt to avoid routes that pass through stops that are not designated as the next destination. This is represented by a penalty to the pathfinding distance, which usually forces a train to pick a "shorter" path.

== Circuit Network ==
Train stops can be enabled or disabled using the [[circuit network]]. When a train stop is disabled, trains will not go to that station. If a train is scheduled to go to a stop that is disabled, it will select a stop with the same name which is enabled. If no such stops exist, it will instead proceed to the next stop on its schedule. This will also happen if a train is en-route to the stop when it becomes disabled.

If a train is already sitting at a stop, disabling that stop has no effect on it; the train will remain until its departure conditions are satisfied.

When a train attempts to go to an enabled stop, it first checks to see if the stop has a "train limit" set. This limit specifies the maximum number of trains allowed to go to this station. If the number of trains headed to that stop (including one sitting at the stop) is greater than or equal to the stop's current train limit, then the train will not go to that stop. It will check other enabled stops with that name. If all stops with that name are full, then the train will not go anywhere at all, with a message saying "destination full". Once a stop with that name opens up to allow more trains, the train will proceed.

Note that if the train limit changes while a train is en-route to a stop, the train will ''continue'' to that stop. This is unlike stop disabling, which forces trains to go elsewhere.

While a train is en-route, it may [[Railway/Train_path_finding#Repath_events|repath]] to a different train stop of the same name, provided the new train stop has not reached its capacity. When this happens, the train ceases to count toward the train limit of the original stop.

Train stops can be used to pass circuit signals to trains, read train contents, or uniquely identify trains with an ID number. Additionally, the amount of trains going to the train stop can be read by the circuit network.

When reading the content of a stopped train, fluid amounts are rounded down to the nearest integer, except when the fluid amount is < 1, then it is is rounded to 1.

== Indicators ==
There are indicator lights on the top of the train stop. These show:

[[File:train_stop_bothsolid.png]]   Solid light – The train stop is unoccupied/available.

[[File:train_stop_alternate.gif]]   Alternate blinking – A train is approaching or passing the train stop.

[[File:train_stop_bothblink.gif]]   Simultaneous blinking – A train is stopped/occupying the train stop.

[[File:train_stop_none.png]]   No lights – The train stop is invalid.

[[File:train_stop_red.gif]]   Blinking red – The train stop is disabled via circuit network.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths=320px heights=170px>
File:train_stops_colors.png|Three railways with different color train stops.
File:train_stop_gui.png|Four trains listed in a train stop's GUI.
</gallery>

== History ==
{{history|1.1.0|
* Train stop allows to set limit of incoming trains.
* Fluids in train circuit logic treat summed < 1 fluid values as 1 instead of 0.
}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Train stop recipe now uses iron sticks.
}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Train station adds 2000 tiles penalty when path finding, so trains try to avoid stations not related to their path.
* Train Stop can output the contents of the stopped train's cargo.
* Train Stop can be disabled using the circuit network.
* When the active train stop is removed, trains will immediately leave the station if they're waiting at the station.
}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* New graphics
* Placement indicator
* Indicator of train position when stopped at station on hover.
}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* Station names can now be changed.}}

{{history|0.7.0|
* Show the direction of incoming trains when being built.
* Multiple train stops for each train station.}}

{{history|0.4.1|
* Cannot be rotated after building.}}

{{history|0.4.0|
* Introduced}}

==See also==
* [[Locomotive]]
* [[Railway]]
* [[Rail signal]]
* [[Rail chain signal]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Railway}}

Artillery wagon

2020-10-20T03:27:07Z

Macdjord: Add to 'rolling stock' category

{{Languages}}{{:Infobox:Artillery wagon}}
The '''artillery wagon''' is an end-game wagon added in game version 0.16 mounting a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_gun rail cannon] that can be added to a train. It fires [[artillery shell]]s, relatively slow-moving projectiles that explore chunks of terrain they travel across. The wagon gun has both automatic and manual (even longer-ranged) firing modes. Projectiles have sufficient damage to destroy spawners and any type of worm with a single hit, and have a modest area of effect. Infinitely-stacking research upgrades are available for range and firing speed, but not damage.

The [[artillery turret]] is essentially the same weapon, but deployed as a static structure like other turrets.

== Mechanics ==
Artillery wagons, like Artillery turrets, have a massive range, outranging non-Artillery fixed fortifications by a factor of 10 or more. In automatic mode, when the train is stopped, the artillery wagon will automatically scan for [[Military units and structures|enemy structures]] (spawners and worms) and shoot at them. Automatic mode cannot target mobile units (biters and spitters); shells do, however, damage mobile units in the vicinity of impact normally.

In manual mode, a [[Artillery targeting remote|special item]] is used to point-and-click anywhere in the world, map, or zoomed-in map; each click corresponds to one shell delivered to that location, so long as any working artillery turrets and / or wagons are in range. Targeting remotes show the number of fire-ready (loaded and, for wagons, stationary) artillery pieces in range of cursor position when held. Manual fire can be ordered on unexplored areas; shells will explore all chunks they travel across (but no surrounding chunks).

Range in automatic mode is 224 tiles (7 chunks); in manual mode, 560 tiles (17.5 chunks). Infinite [[Artillery shell range (research)|research]] is available to increase range, at +30% of base range per level, applied to both automatic and manual range.

== Limitations ==
Aside from the considerable expense of research and assembly for both wagons and shells, there are certain considerations that make these wagons unwise as a full replacement for traditional base defenses, despite their phenomenal range and the advantage of mobility.

Artillery shelling will antagonize enemy mobile units in the vicinity of the impact into rushing the wagon's location at time of firing, regardless of their normal "aggro radius". Artillery wagons are relatively slow-firing, although infinite [[Artillery shell shooting speed (research)|research]] is available to improve firing speed, at +100% per level, affecting both wagons and stationary turrets and applying to both automatic and manual mode. They also cannot target mobile units in automatic mode. Importantly, artillery has a ''minimum'' range as well, which is 32 tiles.

Together, these limitations mean that an artillery wagon needs to be defended, or else moved around rapidly, in the latter case decreasing its value as base defense. For defense, any conventional approach such as walls, gun, laser, and / or flamethrower turrets, or the personal intervention of the player will do. However, players should keep in mind that extensive shelling of large biter-infested areas will produce massive attack waves centered on the position of the artillery piece at time of firing, and should plan close-range defenses accordingly.

Logistic considerations are also important, as artillery shells have a stack size of 1, meaning any-size container can only hold a modest supply and an inserter will only ever move a single shell at a time. Players may wish to consider assembling near artillery wagon stops if practical. The wagon itself can hold a supply of 100 shells (while artillery turrets only hold 15), providing a portable magazine of some size that can be towed around with the weapon without external storage.

== Train properties ==
The artillery wagon can fire while stopped at a train stop, but '''not''' when stopped at a red signal or when moving. A train in automatic mode that is "No-Path"ing will not fire. When a train with an artillery wagon is stopped at a train stop, aiming and shooting counts as activity for the purposes of "X seconds of inactivity" departure conditions in the train's schedule. This includes the time that the wagon spends scanning the area around it to find enemies, which is done at 1 chunk per tick. Only when it has scanned all chunks and did not find an enemy it will count as inactive.

When part of a manual-mode (player-driven) train, artillery wagons will fire whenever the train is stopped, regardless of where it was stopped.

Artillery wagons weigh as much as 4 [[Cargo wagon|regular wagons]] (or 2 [[locomotive]]s) for the purposes of train acceleration calculations. Fortunately, [[nuclear fuel]] provides a massive 250% boost to acceleration (compared to 180% for rocket fuel, the next best type), making it an attractive fuel for artillery trains.

== Logistics ==
In addition to firing them, artillery wagons can be used to transport shells from place to place. Inserters will both load and unload artillery wagons in the same manner as they would any other wagon, with the obvious difference that artillery wagons can only take artillery shells as cargo. However, each artillery wagon can hold 100 shells, while a regular cargo wagon only holds 40.

Thus, artillery wagons are the most space-efficient method of transporting artillery shells by rail. They are not, however, the most mass-efficient one, as an artillery wagon weighs 4 times as much as a regular wagon, but holds only 2.5 times as many shells. Thus, if train length is not a concern but acceleration and / or fuel efficiency is, regular wagons are superior for transporting shells.

Furthermore, players need to keep in mind that an artillery wagon's auto-fire behavior cannot be turned off in any way, and wagons will auto-fire whenever the usual conditions (see above) are met. In cleared, defended areas, however, they can reliably function as shell transport wagons.

== Trivia ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_gun Large rail-transported cannon] were built in the late 19th and early 20th century, up until and including World War II. The larger models were heavy and very slow firing and took many hours to set up, but had a greater range and power per shot than any other weapon in existence at the time (considerably greater than battleship-size naval guns, for example). The advent of rocketry, as well as large bomber planes capable of deploying multi-ton bombs, eventually made these guns obsolete.
** Perhaps the best-known examples were the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bertha_(howitzer) ''Dicke Bertha''] (Big Bertha, literally "Fat Bertha") and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwerer_Gustav ''Schwerer Gustav''] (Heavy Gustav), the largest gun ever fired.

== History ==

{{history|0.16.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==

* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-220 Friday Facts #220 - The best Friday Facts ever]
* [[Artillery turret]]
* [[Artillery shell]]
* [[Artillery targeting remote]]
* [[Locomotive]]
* [[Railway]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Transport}}
{{C|Rolling_stock}}

Cargo wagon

2020-10-20T03:27:06Z

Macdjord: Add to 'rolling stock' category

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Cargo wagon}}
The '''Cargo wagon''' is used in conjunction with [[locomotive]]s to form [[train]]s for the [[railway]].

A wagon is used to transport items and can be filled and emptied like a chest, but with many more inserters at the same time. Up to 12 inserters per wagon are possible (from both sides).
The [[Inserter capacity bonus (research)|inserter item stack size]] is important to fill the wagon fast!

In manual-mode cargo wagons can only be filled or emptied when they are not moving. In automated-mode it is the same, but additionally they can only filled/empty, when stopped on a train-stop (not at a signal). A spot where inserters are positioned to transfer cargo for wagons is called a [[Railway#Stations|train station]].

Wagons have a [[Stack#Stack limitation|stack limitation]] option the same way chests do, which can be used to limit the number of transported items.
Each stack in the cargo wagon can be filtered. This works in the same way as the quickbar; the default key to define or remove the filter is the middle mouse button. [[Player]]s can enter a cargo wagon and control any connected locomotives.

== Processing of items before transport ==

A cargo wagon can be filled with 2000 items of ores ([[Copper ore|copper]], [[Iron ore|iron]], ...) or 4000 items of processed plates ([[Copper plate]]s, [[iron plate]]s, ...). This can make preprocessing of ores into plates near the mines a useful strategy, because the transport of plates is more efficient.

Stack size is not the only factor to consider when comparing train transport of preprocessed items to raw items. Some raw items craft into a smaller amount of processed items. One example are iron plates, 5 iron plates can be crafted into 1 steel plate which means that when transported by train, the throughput increases by 5 times.

== Use as a big chest ==

It is possible to use the cargo wagon as a "big chest": Place rails, put an unmoving wagon on it and inserters around. The advantages of this construction are:
* Cargo can be transferred with many more inserters than with a chest, bypassing the limitations of the [[Inserter capacity bonus (research)|inserter stack size bonus]].
* Items are transported instantly over the length of the wagon. Correctly configured, this is faster than a transport belt.

== History ==
{{history|0.15.0|
* Cargo wagons can have settings copied from any distance like Locomotives.
* Train stop can output the contents of the stopped train's cargo to the [[circuit network]].}}

{{history|0.14.0|
* Added support for equipment grids in cargo wagons.}}

{{History|0.13.0|
* New cargo wagon graphics.
* Increased inventory size of cargo wagon from 30 to 40 stacks.}}

{{History|0.11.18|
* Increased inventory size of cargo wagon from 20 to 30 stacks.}}

{{History|0.10.1|
* Increased inventory size of cargo wagon from 15 to 20 stacks.}}

{{History|0.10.0|
* Cargo wagon can have filters in the inventory.}}

{{history|0.4.1|
* Smooth (precise) rolling stock placement.
* Rotating while building affects the direction of the rolling stock.
* Rolling stocks can be disconnected from both sides.}}

{{History|0.4.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Locomotive]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]
* [[Railway]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Transport}}
{{C|Rolling_stock}}

Fluid wagon

2020-10-20T03:27:05Z

Macdjord: Add to 'rolling stock' category

{{Languages}}{{:Infobox:Fluid wagon}}
The '''fluid wagon''', also known as the '''rail tanker''', is capable of transporting [[fluid system|fluids]] by [[rail]]. Fluids can be pumped in and out of the wagon using a [[pump]], each fluid wagon can have a maximum of 3 pumps attached at one time, 1 per tank section.
Similar to [[cargo wagon]]s, a [[locomotive]] is required to move the liquid wagon.

The fluid wagon can carry 25,000 units of fluid. It weighs the same of the regular cargo wagon but holds more fluid; a cargo wagon filled with [[barrel]]s can carry 20,000 units of fluid.

== Troubleshooting ==
To get fluid into the fluid wagon, you need a [[Railway#Stations|train station]] with pumps.

The wagon needs to be aligned with the rail grid; do this by using the [[Automated rail transportation (research)|automated rail transportation]] [[train stop]]s as [[Railway#Train_schedule|train schedule]] destination, and a fueled locomotive.

Also make sure that the [[rail]]s under the Fluid wagon are '''straight rails''' and not '''curved rails'''. The pumps will only work if the wagon is perfectly orthogonal to the grid.

== Load and unload times ==

Due to current [[fluid system]] mechanics, the fastest load and unload times for fluid wagons consist of pumps that are directly attached to storage tanks. Using more pumps per wagon reduces (un)loading time.

Testing was done using a single locomotive attached to a single full fluid wagon, with pumps attached directly to empty storage tanks. Using this test setup:

* Using 1 pump, the train remained in station for 204 ticks (3.4 seconds)
* Using 2 pumps, the train remained in station for 131 ticks (~2.2 seconds)
* Using 3 pumps, the train remained in station for 108 ticks (1.8 seconds)

== History ==
{{History|0.16.8|
* Changed fluid wagon capacity from 75k to 25k (same as storage tank).
* Lowered fluid wagon weight from 3000 to 1000 (same as cargo wagon).
* Changed fluid wagon recipe so it requires just 1 storage tank instead of 3.}}
{{History|0.16.7|
* Simplified to contain just 1 fluid instead of having 3 different fluid tanks.}}
{{History|0.15.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Locomotive]]
* [[Cargo wagon]]
* [[Railway]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Transport}}
{{C|Rolling_stock}}

Locomotive

2020-10-20T03:26:44Z

Macdjord: Add to 'rolling stock' category

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Locomotive}}

The '''Locomotive''' is the engine for movement of [[Railway|trains]] over [[Railway#Tracks|track]]. Trains are useful for moving large amounts of items over large distances.

Locomotives are also good vehicles for the player to reach fixed destinations, as they are considerably faster than the [[car]] or [[tank]]. Naturally they do not have the same freedom of movement, however, as they are confined to the track. They can be set up to travel automatically between [[train stop]]s, or be controlled manually, even if the [[player]] is in a [[cargo wagon]] attached to the train, rather than the controlling locomotive itself. Automatic trains can also use [[rail signal]]s and [[rail chain signal]]s to designate different or changing paths on a railway, as well as manage multiple trains on multiple or intertwining tracks.

Locomotives are [[burner devices]] and require [[fuel]] to run; the more powerful the fuel used, the faster the locomotive's acceleration and top speed will be. [[Solid fuel]], [[rocket fuel]] and [[nuclear fuel]] will give +20%, +80% and +150% acceleration respectively, and provide +5%, +15% and +15% for top speed respectively. Multiple locomotives can be used on a single train to increase its speed.

While locomotives can be assembled by hand, the [[engine unit]] for it require [[Assembling machine|automated construction]] to build, so it cannot be built from raw materials by hand. The color of the locomotive can be customized.

== Connecting/Disconnecting a locomotive ==
[[File:locomotive_gui.png|thumb|right|200px|Locomotive GUI]]

To connect locomotives, cargo wagons or [[fluid wagon]]s to each other, either place the cars next to each other on the track (there will be an outlined green connection), or connect an already existing disconnected car by driving the locomotive near the car and press {{Keybinding|G}} by default. To disconnect the last car in a train, press {{Keybinding|V}} by default.

== Defense ==
Locomotives in transit can usually crash through everything in its way (including biters, [[car|other]] [[tank|vehicles]], and the player). However, if the locomotive is moving too slowly, or the target is too tough, it will stop the train instead. If the locomotive hits an [[enemy]], the enemies will fight back and try to destroy the train and the rails.

[[Construction robot]]s are a good way to automatically repair damage at train stations.

[[File:train_kills_biters.gif|frame|none|Train killing three big biters.]]

== Maximum speed ==
The maximum speed that a locomotive can get to depends on the train that it is pulling. The speed of an accelerating, fully fueled, train is calculated every tick by the game with the following formula:

train_speed = max(0, abs(train_speed) - train_friction_force ÷ train_weight)
train_speed = train_speed + (10 × number_of_locomotives_in_moving_direction × fuel_acceleration_bonus ÷ train_weight)
train_speed = train_speed × (1 - air_resistance_of_front_rolling_stock ÷ (train_weight ÷ 1000))

Where train_friction_force is the summed up friction of each wagon and locomotive (0.5 for any type of wagon including locomotives) and train_weight is the summed up weight of each wagon and locomotive, see their individual pages for the weight values. The friction and air resistance of wagons and locomotives can be found in their prototypes (0.0075 for locomotive, 0.01 for any other wagon). The calculated train_speed is capped to <code>max_speed = 1.2 * fuel_top_speed_multiplier</code>.

== Fuel duration (in seconds) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1 item of !! Burning time in seconds
|-
| {{Icon|Wood}} || 3.33
|-
| {{Icon|Coal}} || 6.67
|-
| {{Icon|Solid fuel}} || 20
|-
| {{Icon|Rocket fuel}} || 166.67
|-
| {{Icon|Nuclear fuel}} || 2016.67
|}

== Driving controls ==
''These are the default bindings. They can be changed in the Options menu.''
{|
|Enter/Exit
|{{Keybinding|enter}}
|-
|Accelerate
|{{Keybinding|W}}
|-
|Decelerate/Reverse
|{{Keybinding|S}}
|-
|Pick which fork to take at junction
|{{Keybinding|A}},{{Keybinding|D}}
|-
|Connect/Disconnect rolling stock
|{{Keybinding|G}},{{Keybinding|V}}
|}

== Achievements ==
Locomotives are directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|getting-on-track}}
{{Achievement|getting-on-track-like-a-pro}}
{{Achievement|watch-your-step}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths=320px>
File:trains_colors.png|The player among different colored locomotives.
</gallery>

== History ==
{{history|0.17.0|
* Locomotive fuel consumption doubled.}}

{{history|0.16.0|
* Locomotive will show train ID in its tooltip. The ID can be used in circuit network conditions.}}

{{history|0.15.19|
* Locomotive snaps to a train stop when placing the first locomotive next to the train stop.}}

{{history|0.15.7|
* Inserters will no longer take fuel from locomotives and instead will take the burnt result items if the locomotive fuel uses that system.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Renamed "diesel-locomotive" to "locomotive"}}

{{history|0.14.0|
* Added support for equipment grids in locomotives.}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* New locomotive graphics.
* Can now be colored.
* Trains are now regular size in horizontal and vertical orientations.
}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* Trains that are moving automatically cannot be rotated.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Now show contents in tooltip.}}

{{history|0.11.18|
* Increased the crafting cost of the cargo wagon and locomotive.
* Removing and merging the locomotive of a train without any additional locomotives doesn't clear the schedule anymore.
}}

{{history|0.11.6|
* Copy paste can now be used for train schedules.}}

{{history|0.10.2|
* Now recalculates path on rotation.}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* Backer names are used for locomotives.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Recipe change}}

{{history|0.5.0|
* Train can find the path backward when it has locomotives in the back
* New locomotive graphics.
* Locomotive + wagon + rails are more expensive.
}}

{{history|0.4.1|
* Smooth (precise) rolling stock placement.
* Rotating while building affects the direction of the rolling stock.
* Rolling stocks can be disconnected from both sides.
}}

{{history|0.4.0|
* Locomotive uses fuel.
* Locomotive and Car are minable
* Easier riding in locomotive and car (accelerate vs. brake vs. reverse)
* Automated train transportation. Trains can be given schedule to go to Train Stops (named after backers).
}}

{{history|0.2.8|
* Now shows health bar below locomotive.}}

{{history|0.2.1|
* Now emits light if active.}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

==See also==
* [[Railway]]
* [[Cargo wagon]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Transport}}
{{C|Rolling_stock}}

Category:Rolling stock

2020-10-20T03:23:29Z

Macdjord: Create 'rolling stock' category

{{Languages}}
This category contains all pages for items of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_stock rolling stock] in the game.

{{C|Transport}}