Official Factorio Wiki - User contributions [en]

Science pack

2021-11-04T19:14:44Z

Liam The Great: /* Creating science packs */ fixed some weird grammar

{{Languages}}
Science packs are items which are required by [[lab]]s to perform [[research]]. Researching technologies requires a certain number of different types of science packs, which is then multiplied by a certain value to get the tech cost. For example, [[Physical projectile damage (research)|Physical projectile damage 3]] requires one automation science pack and one logistic science pack and one military science pack to begin researching, but it needs this to be input into labs a total of 300 times, raising the research cost to 300 automation science packs, 300 logistic science packs and 300 military science packs.

==Types==
{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|copper plate|1}} + {{icon|iron gear wheel|1}} → {{icon|Automation science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|5.5}} {{icon|iron plate|2}} {{icon|copper plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|Time|6}} + {{icon|Inserter|1}} + {{icon|Transport belt|1}} → {{icon|Logistic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|8.75}} {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Piercing rounds magazine|1}} + {{icon|Grenade|1}} + {{Icon|Wall|2}} → {{icon|Military science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|23}} {{icon|Iron plate|9}} {{icon|Copper plate|5}} {{icon|Steel plate|1}} {{icon|Coal|10}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|Time|24}} + {{icon|Advanced circuit|3}} + {{icon|Engine unit|2}} + {{icon|Sulfur|1}} → {{icon|Chemical science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|52.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|6}} {{icon|Copper plate|15}} {{icon|Engine unit|2}} {{icon|Plastic bar|6}} {{icon|Sulfur|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Electric furnace|1}} + {{icon|Productivity module|1}} + {{icon|Rail|30}} → {{icon|Production science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|153.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|32.5}} {{icon|Copper plate|57.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|25}} {{icon|Plastic bar|20}} {{icon|Stone|15}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Flying robot frame|1}} + {{icon|Low density structure|3}} + {{icon|Processing unit|2}} → {{icon|Utility science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|104.75}} {{icon|Iron plate|3}} {{icon|Copper plate|64.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|15}} {{icon|Battery|2}} {{icon|Processing unit|2}} {{icon|Electric engine unit|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|Space science pack|1000}} per launched {{icon|Satellite}} || {{icon|Time|300}} {{icon|Iron plate|43.7}} {{icon|Copper plate|101.8}} {{icon|Steel plate|2.7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|19.9}} {{icon|Solid fuel|10.5}} {{icon|Sulfuric acid|15.5}}
|}



Or, broken down into the most basic components:
{| class="wikitable"
! Per 1 !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|2.0}} {{icon|copper plate|1.0}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|7.0}} {{icon|copper plate|2.5}} {{icon|coal|5.0}} {{icon|stone|10.0}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|12.0}} {{icon|copper plate|7.5}} {{icon|coal|1.5}} {{icon|crude oil|38.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|52.5}} {{icon|copper plate|19.2}} {{icon|coal|3.3}} {{icon|crude oil|74.1}} {{icon|stone|11.7}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|33.3}} {{icon|copper plate|49.8}} {{icon|coal|3.8}} {{icon|crude oil|115.7}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|57.5}} {{icon|copper plate|101.8}} {{icon|coal|10.0}} {{icon|crude oil|324.7}}
|}

==Creating science packs==
The science packs and research are meant to guide players through the game by gradually increasing in complexity. At first the player has to create automation science packs by hand to research automation. Then the next goal is to create automation and logistic science automatically and to automatically feed the science packs into labs. These science packs allow research of most of the basic technologies.

If needed due to [[enemies]], the next step is to create military science packs to allow unlock higher tier combat-oriented products. Unlike previous science packs, military science produces two packs per crafting cycle versus just one per cycle from automation/logistic.

Following military science, chemical science packs should be created. This science pack incorporates a new 'raw' intermediary - [[plastic bar]]s necessitate the need to harvest and process [[crude oil]].

After chemical science, production science packs are next. Production science packs are a fair jump in complexity, as the required products have quite a few different intermediaries. Production packs yield three packs per crafting cycle.

The final stage of automated research pack creation is utility science pack. Utility sciences packs are the most complex packs to make, requiring a large chain of intermediate products. Utility science packs, like previous production science packs, yield three packs per crafting cycle.

Space science packs are yielded from launching satellites via rocket, and thus are difficult to automate effectively without massive resource-hungry bases. Unlike other science packs, space science packs are exclusively used to research repeating/infinite technologies - such as mining productivity or gun turret damage.

The ratio needed to keep science production in sync is 5:6:5:12:7:7, or:
* 5 Automation science pack assemblers
* 6 Logistic science pack assemblers
* 5 Military science pack assemblers
* 12 Chemical science pack assemblers
* 7 Production science pack assemblers
* 7 Utility science pack assemblers

The list above assumes that the science packs are being produced from [[assembling machine 3]], being produced at 75 items per minute without any beacons/modules.

{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[Research]]

{{C|Science packs}}

Steam

2021-04-07T00:03:37Z

Liam The Great: Petroleum gas fills a storage tank from the bottom and has bubbles in it. it's a liquid

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Steam}}
'''Steam''' is a [[fluid system|gas]] created by heating water in a [[boiler]] or [[heat exchanger]]. After being distributed via [[pipe]]s, steam can be used to generate electricity via [[steam engine]]s and [[steam turbine]]s. Steam is also used in [[coal liquefaction]] in [[oil refinery|oil refineries]]. Since steam is a fluid, it can be stored in a [[storage tank]].

== Power generation ==
The amount of energy contained in steam is linearly proportional to it's temperature (minus 15°C ambient temperature). The energy storage of steam is exactly ''200 Joule / unit / degree Celsius'', so for every degree increase in temperature of a single unit of fluid requires exactly 200 Joules.

In all cases, steam produced in boilers is 165°C and steam from heat exchangers is 500°C. This higher temperature equates to a higher energy density of the same number of units of steam, meaning: higher temperature, more energy per volume. Steam suffers no thermal losses sitting or flowing through [[pipe]]s or [[storage tank]]s, the energy put into water to create steam is the same amount of energy you get back out from it since both steam engines and turbines are 100% efficient.

For example, a storage tank which holds 25000 units of Steam at 165°C contains...
<pre style="width: 68%;padding-right: 0em;">(200 Joule / unit / Celsius) * 25000 units * (165°C-15°C) = 750 000 000 joules = 750 MJ </pre>

A storage tank holding 25000 units of Steam at 500°C thus contains 2.425 ''giga''joules of energy, a surprisingly large amount equal to 485 fully charged [[accumulator]]s!
(200 Joule / unit / Celsius) * 25000 units * (500°C-15°C) = 2 425 000 000 joules = 2.425 GJ

If the temperature of the steam is lower than the steam engine or turbine can handle, then the power output will be lower than optimal, but no energy will be wasted. However, if the temperature of the steam exceeds the maximum temperature of the steam engine or turbine, then the power output is capped at maximum, and the extra energy in the steam is wasted. Other than this difference, either steam engines or turbines can be used to generate power off of steam from any source.

== Trivia ==
* The fill meter on steam storage tanks fills from the top instead of from the bottom.
* Steam is the only non-liquid fluid in Factorio.
* Steam is the only fluid that cannot be stored in [[barrel]]s.

== History ==

{{history|0.15.10|
* Introduced as separate fluid. Previously it counted as Water, with a >100 temperature.}}

== See Also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Electric system]]
* [[Oil processing]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Fluids}}

Steam

2021-03-29T22:59:03Z

Liam The Great: added that steam is the only non-liquid fluid in factorio

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Steam}}
'''Steam''' is a [[fluid system|gas]] created by heating water in a [[boiler]] or [[heat exchanger]]. After being distributed via [[pipe]]s, steam can be used to generate electricity via [[steam engine]]s and [[steam turbine]]s. Steam is also used in [[coal liquefaction]] in [[oil refinery|oil refineries]]. Since steam is a fluid, it can be stored in a [[storage tank]].

== Power generation ==
The amount of energy contained in steam is linearly proportional to it's temperature (minus 15°C ambient temperature). The energy storage of steam is exactly ''200 Joule / unit / degree Celsius'', so for every degree increase in temperature of a single unit of fluid requires exactly 200 Joules.

In all cases, steam produced in boilers is 165°C and steam from heat exchangers is 500°C. This higher temperature equates to a higher energy density of the same number of units of steam, meaning: higher temperature, more energy per volume. Steam suffers no thermal losses sitting or flowing through [[pipe]]s or [[storage tank]]s, the energy put into water to create steam is the same amount of energy you get back out from it since both steam engines and turbines are 100% efficient.

For example, a storage tank which holds 25000 units of Steam at 165°C contains...
<pre style="width: 68%;padding-right: 0em;">(200 Joule / unit / Celsius) * 25000 units * (165°C-15°C) = 750 000 000 joules = 750 MJ </pre>

A storage tank holding 25000 units of Steam at 500°C thus contains 2.425 ''giga''joules of energy, a surprisingly large amount equal to 485 fully charged [[accumulator]]s!
(200 Joule / unit / Celsius) * 25000 units * (500°C-15°C) = 2 425 000 000 joules = 2.425 GJ

If the temperature of the steam is lower than the steam engine or turbine can handle, then the power output will be lower than optimal, but no energy will be wasted. However, if the temperature of the steam exceeds the maximum temperature of the steam engine or turbine, then the power output is capped at maximum, and the extra energy in the steam is wasted. Other than this difference, either steam engines or turbines can be used to generate power off of steam from any source.

== Trivia ==
* The fill meter on steam storage tanks fills from the top instead of from the bottom.
* Steam is the only non-liquid fluid in Factorio.

== History ==

{{history|0.15.10|
* Introduced as separate fluid. Previously it counted as Water, with a >100 temperature.}}

== See Also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Electric system]]
* [[Oil processing]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Fluids}}