Official Factorio Wiki - User contributions [en]

Units

2019-10-12T06:12:09Z

Lava84flow:

{{Languages}}
The following units are important in Factorio.

Not all game elements are simulated physical correctly (for example the weight of items, currently no entity has a weight, the weight is measured in how many items can fetch into one stack), but those on this pages are!

== Power ==
Power is defined as work being done per unit of time.

=== Watt (W) ===
The basic unit of power is 1 watt (W), which is defined as '''1 W = 1 J/s ''', ie. one Joule of work being done every second.

The game commonly deals with larger units, namely kilowatts (kW) and megawatts (MW).

[[Lamp|Lamps]] use 5 kW while turned on. A [[Radar]] uses 300 kW while active - equivalent to 60 lamps.
One [[Steam engine]] is capable of outputting 900 kW.

== Work ==

Work is defined as a transfer of energy, or as energy being "spent".

=== Joule (J) ===
The basic unit of work is 1 joule (J), and is equivalent to the work done (total energy transferred) by one watt applied for one second: '''1 J = 1 W s'''.

In-game, [[Fuel]] is really just potential energy, which, when applied, does work. For example, every piece of [[coal]] burned will produce 4 MJ. One [[Accumulator]] is capable of storing 5 MJ.

In the real world, kilowatt hours is a much more common unit for energy, but it is ''not'' an [[:WIKIPEDIA:International_System_of_Units#Derived_units|SI derived unit]] so it is not used by the game.

== [[Time]] ==

=== Tick (1/60 s) ===
A 1/60 second in game. This is the shortest time fraction the game handles.

=== Second (s) ===
One second in-game. This is not guaranteed to correspond to one real second. For example, slow computers may not manage to calculate an entire tick during the corresponding real time frame of 1/60th of a second.

=== Day ===

A day is 25000 in-game ticks or 416.67 in-game seconds (= 6.94 in-game minutes) long.

== [[Map structure|Distance / Space]] ==

=== Tile ===
The tile is both used as a unit of distance/length and a unit of area. For example, the size of an object may be expressed as "2×2 tiles", which means the object covers an area of 4 square tiles or tiles². The unit of square tiles is often simplified into tiles. It can be assumed, that a tile has the length of 1 meter.

=== Chunk ===
A chunk is a quadratic area where one side is 32 tiles long. (1024 square tiles)

== Logistics ==

=== Throughput ===

Items per time, or fluid-units per time. A unit measurement is

items / game-minute

==== ... on Belts ====

Throughput = speed × density

For comparison: A [[transport belt]] transports normally about 900 items per in-game minute. A [[fast transport belt]] up to 1800 items/min and [[express transport belt]] nearly 2700 items / min.
See [[Transport belts/Physics|physic of transport belts]] for more information.

==== ... for logistic robots ====

Throughput depends on the distance, the number of robots and their item-stacksize. Let's assume a robot can travel 1 tile per second and can transport only one item at once. It needs also to return. Then this robot can transport ½ item per second. If you use 2 you can transport 1 item per second. If you double the distance, we are again at ½ item per second.

==== ... for train ====

Items per train is the sum of all wagons' capacity (40 stacks for [[cargo wagon]], 25000 fluid for [[fluid wagon]] & 100 shells for [[artillery wagon]])

Top speed (later referred to as S) and acceleration (later referred to as A) depend on fuel type and train weight, for a coal-powered single locomotive without wagons they are 72 tiles/s and 9.26 tiles/s/s.

After some threshold the top speed starts decreasing linearly as train mass increases; acceleration is proportional to amount of locomotives pointing towards the travel direction and inversely proportional to train mass; deceleration is proportional to amount of wagons + amount of locomotives, inversely proportional to train mass, and affected by [[braking force (research)]] (train mass is the sum of all wagon and locomotive masses; see detailed info on wagon masses on [[locomotive]], [[cargo wagon]], [[fluid wagon]], and [[artillery wagon]] pages).

Warning: The following calculations assume deceleration = accelaration and do not account for red lights.

Travel time is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">(2S / A) + (distance - 4 * S^2 / A) / S</syntaxhighlight> if the stations are far enough for the train to achieve full speed. If they are closer than that, the time is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">2 * sqrt(distance / A)</syntaxhighlight>

Since a train has to make a trip back to load, the total throughput is <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">items per train / (2 * travel time)</syntaxhighlight>

=== Capacity ===

Basically items per transport-unit. This depends in many cases on the item-type you use. A [[Cargo wagon]] has a capacity for 1000 items for ore, or 2000 for steel- or copper-plates.

==== ... in stacks ====
A [[Cargo wagon]] has for example 20 stacks. The capacity of the wagon is 20 stacks. But the capacity of a stack depends on, what type of item you put into, so when stacks come into play, you need to say "Capacity of 20 stack iron-ore".

=== Density ===

Is measured in items per tile.

An item, that lays on ground has the size of 0.28 tiles<sup>2</sup>. On one tile we can place 12.752041 items, which means, that we can put in the best case 12 items on one tile.
See also [[Transport belts/Physics|physic of transport belts]] for more information.

==== ... for Belts ====

For belts this is the same: We have two lanes on a belt, 3.571 items per lane or 7.143 item on one belt.

On belts there comes also another thing into play: '''Compression.''' Good compression is, when you fill a belt so, that you come to the maximum density and so to the maximum '''throughput'''.

=== ... for stacks/chests ===

On the first glance, it is simple: A chest has the size of one tile. You have X number of stack in a chest, where you can put Y numbers of items into each, so the density is simply X × Y.

The thing changes, if you use mods, that add chest-like transport boxes, which enables to pack/box items.

Science pack

2019-03-25T19:06:43Z

Lava84flow: corrected the names of the packs in the ratio section

{{Languages}}
Science packs are items which are required by [[lab]]s to perform [[research]]. Researching technologies requires a certain number of different types of science packs, which is then multiplied by a certain value to get the tech cost. For example, [[Bullet damage (research)|Bullet damage 3]] requires one automation science pack and one logistic science pack and one military science pack to begin researching, but it needs this to be input into labs a total of 100 times, raising the research cost to 100 automation science packs, 100 logistic science packs and 100 military science packs.

==Types==
{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|copper plate|1}} + {{icon|iron gear wheel|1}} → {{icon|Automation science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|5.5}} {{icon|iron plate|2}} {{icon|copper plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|Time|6}} + {{icon|Inserter|1}} + {{icon|Transport belt|1}} → {{icon|Logistic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|8.75}} {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Piercing rounds magazine|1}} + {{icon|Grenade|1}} + {{icon|Stone wall|2}} → {{icon|Military science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|23}} {{icon|Iron plate|9}} {{icon|Copper plate|5}} {{icon|Steel plate|1}} {{icon|Coal|10}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|Time|24}} + {{icon|Advanced circuit|3}} + {{icon|Engine unit|2}} + {{icon|Solid fuel|1}} → {{icon|Chemical science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|52.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|6}} {{icon|Copper plate|15}} {{icon|Engine unit|2}} {{icon|Plastic bar|6}} {{icon|Solid fuel|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Electric furnace|1}} + {{icon|Productivity module|1}} + {{icon|Rail|30}} → {{icon|Production science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|153.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|32.5}} {{icon|Copper plate|57.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|25}} {{icon|Plastic bar|20}} {{icon|Stone|15}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Flying robot frame|1}} + {{icon|Low density structure|3}} + {{icon|Processing unit|2}} → {{icon|Utility science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|104.75}} {{icon|Iron plate|3}} {{icon|Copper plate|64.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|15}} {{icon|Battery|2}} {{icon|Processing unit|2}} {{icon|Electric engine unit|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|Space science pack|1000}} per launched {{icon|Satellite}} || {{icon|Time|300}} {{icon|Iron plate|43.7}} {{icon|Copper plate|101.8}} {{icon|Steel plate|2.7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|19.9}} {{icon|Solid fuel|10.5}} {{icon|Sulfuric acid|15.5}}
|}



Or, broken down into the most basic components:
{| class="wikitable"
! Per 1 !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|2.0}} {{icon|copper plate|1.0}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|7.0}} {{icon|copper plate|2.5}} {{icon|coal|5.0}} {{icon|stone|10.0}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|12.0}} {{icon|copper plate|7.5}} {{icon|coal|1.5}} {{icon|crude oil|37.0}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|52.5}} {{icon|copper plate|19.2}} {{icon|coal|3.3}} {{icon|crude oil|74.1}} {{icon|stone|11.7}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|33.3}} {{icon|copper plate|49.8}} {{icon|coal|3.8}} {{icon|crude oil|115.7}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|57.5}} {{icon|copper plate|101.8}} {{icon|coal|10.0}} {{icon|crude oil|324.7}}
|}

==Creating science packs==
The science packs and research are meant to guide players through the game by gradually increasing in complexity. At first the player has to create automation science packs by hand to research automation. Then the next goal is to create automation and logistic science automatically and to automatically feed the science packs into labs. These science packs allow research of most of the basic technologies.

If needed due to [[enemies]], the next step is to create military science packs to allow unlock higher tier combat-oriented products. Unlike previous science packs, military science produces two packs per crafting cycle versus just one per cycle from automation/logistic.

Following military science, chemical science packs should be created. This science pack incorporates a new 'raw' intermediary - [[plastic bar]]s necessitate the need to harvest and process [[crude oil]].

After chemical science, production science packs are next. Production science packs are a fair jump in complexity, as the required products have quite a few different intermediaries. Production packs yield three packs per crafting cycle.

The final stage of automated research pack creation is utility science pack. Utility sciences packs are the most complex packs to make, requiring a large chain of intermediate products. Utility science packs, like previous production science packs, yield three packs per crafting cycle.

Space science packs are yielded from launching satellites via rocket, and thus are difficult to automate effectively without massive resource-hungry bases. Unlike other science packs, space science packs are exclusively used to research repeating/infinite technologies - such as mining productivity or gun turret damage.

The ratio needed to keep science production in sync is 5:6:5:12:7:7, or:
* 5 Automation science pack assemblers
* 6 Logistic science pack assemblers
* 5 Military science pack assemblers
* 12 Chemical science pack assemblers
* 7 Production science pack assemblers
* 7 Utility science pack assemblers

The list above assumes that the science packs are assumed to be produced from [[assembling machine 3]], being produced at 75 items per minute without any beacons/modules.

{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[Research]]

{{C|Science packs}}