Official Factorio Wiki - User contributions [en]

Debug mode

2025-10-08T15:15:30Z

Iridium235: Fixed minor typo (the brood?. Goes > the brood? Goes)

{{Languages}}
[[File:debug_during_play.png|thumb|250px|right|Debug mode, with some of its features enabled.]]The ''debug mode'' is used mainly by developers and modders to analyze the running state of the game. It can be enabled to show detailed information about the game world. The default key to enable debug mode is {{keybinding|F5}}.

For example, one can:
* See the path the [[Enemies#Biters|biters]] are coming from and where they plan to target,
* See the position / coordinates of the cursor,
* See a grid-overlay for the [[map structure|tile]]s and [[Map_structure#Chunk|chunks]],
* See additional non-game related information, such as Updates Per Second and FPS.

'''Note:''' In addition to this internal debugging tool there are also third-party debugging tools contributed by the community available on the [https://forums.factorio.com/viewforum.php?f=135 Factorio sub-forum for mod development tools].

== Activate the debug mode ==

There are 2 debug-levels:

* '''Always''' - This is the default mode, if no mode is active. Keep very few things active here.
* '''Debug''' - Toggled by pressing {{keybinding|F5}}. Allows to toggle the debug overlays.

== Configuring the debug mode ==

To configure the 2 modes, press {{keybinding|F4}}. This opens up a menu with many options. You can move this menu with the mouse, if it hides some interesting underlying thing. You can switch between 2 folders, which reflects the option for that debug-mode ("always", "debug"). The options are the same for each mode. Each mode can be configured to the user's liking, the different modes are only for convenience. A search function ({{Keybinding|ctrl|F}}) is available.

== List of debug-options and their function ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Option !! Description
|-
| show-fps || Will show the current frames-per-second and updates per second, short <abbr title="Frames Per Second">FPS</abbr> and <abbr title="Updates Per Second">UPS</abbr>. Should be normally about 60.
|-
| show-clock || Shows a real time clock.
|-
| show-detailed-info ||
* Shows the cursor position in [[Map_structure#Tile|tiles]] (and subdivisions of that).
* Current resolution and zoom.
* How many objects are on the screen (painted by the graphic card).
* How many entities, chunks and paths are in the game and used.
|-
| show-time-usage ||
* Internal statistics about how long some calculations take, in milliseconds per [[Time#Ticks|tick]].
* Time is shown as average/min/max of the last 100 ticks, interval can be changed with /perf-avg-frames.
* Minimum values exclude zeroes (e.g. from ticks where no mod hooks were run).
* Overall calculation delays (some are parallel) must be under 16.6 ms to maintain normal framerate at 1x speed with 60 ticks per second.
* The Top section of metrics cover the wider game engines activities. The middle Update section relates to running the simulation for a tick. The bottom Map Generator section relates to the map generation activity. For more details, refer to [[Tutorial:Diagnosing_performance_issues#Decrypting_the_%22time_usage%22_screen|Tutorial:Diagnosing performance issues]].
|-
| show-entity-time-usage ||
|-
| show-gpu-time-usage ||
|-
| show-sprite-counts || The counts of each sprite rendered on screen.
|-
| show-lua-object-statistics || Statistics related to the Lua garbarge collector. Update time (avg/min/max), created objects (avg/min/max [total]), destroyed objects (avg/min/max [total]).
|-
| show-heat-buffer-info ||
|-
| show-multiplayer-waiting-icon || When in a multiplayer game: if the game is currently waiting for the server to process.
|-
| show-multiplayer-statistics || The latency information when in multiplayer.
|-
| show-multiplayer-selection-rectangles || Allows to view selection rectangles of other players in multiplayer.
|-
| show-debug-info-in-tooltips || Shows additional information in the tooltips of entities, items, recipes, tiles etc.
|-
| show-resistances-in-tooltips-always || Show entity resitances in all entity tooltips instead of just tooltips of enemy entities and entities with [https://lua-api.factorio.com/latest/prototypes/EntityWithHealthPrototype.html#hide_resistances hide_resistances] set to false.
|-
| hide-mod-guis || Hides GUIs added by mods.
|-
| show-tile-grid || Shows the borders of the [[Map_structure#Tile|tiles]] and [[Map_structure#Chunk|chunks]].
|-
| show-blueprint-grid ||
|-
| show-collision-rectangles || Shows the collision boxes of each entity (red).
|-
| show-selection-rectangles || Shows a blue box over each entity, if you hover over it, it will be selected.
|-
| show-render-rectangles || Shows a pink box over each entity, if that is on your screen, the entity will be rendered.
|-
| show-sticker-boxes ||
|-
| show-entity-positions ||
|-
| show-entity-velocities ||
|-
| show-selected-entity-advanced-tiles || Shows on which advanced tiles (2×2 tiles) the entity is registered.
|-
| show-selected-input-transport-belts || Shows which entities input into the selected transport line.
|-
| show-paths || The calculated paths for the biters in different colors.
|-
| show-path-requests ||
|-
| show-next-waypoint-bb || Shows waypoints for biters (in green), nearly the same info as the next.
|-
| show-target || Shows the current target of the biters (red).
|-
| show-unit-group-info || Biter groups, which belong together (circles and lines belonging together)
|-
| show-unit-behavior-info ||
|-
| show-pathfinder-fringe ||
|-
| show-path-cache || The source-positions of a path and about the length (?)
|-
| show-path-cache-paths ||
|-
| show-rail-paths || Which path a train will follow.
|-
| show-rolling-stock-count || Shows inserter positions
|-
| show-rail-connections || Shows rail connections.
|-
| show-rail-joints ||
|-
| show-rail-segment-collision-boxes ||
|-
| show-train-stop-point || When a train slows down it shows the calculated point where it should halt
|-
| show-train-braking-distance || The distance a train will take to stop at its current speed
|-
| show-train-signals ||
|-
| show-train-repathing || Display a flying "repathed" text over a train whenever it repaths.
|-
| show-network-connected-entities || Displays the network-id of the electric network that a pole is connected to
|-
| show-circuit-network-numbers || Shows the number (and color) of circuit networks
|-
| show-energy-sources-networks || Which network-id an entity is connected to.
|-
| show-active-state || Inserters, fish, turrets are turned to passive, if not used; Red = inactive, Purple = inactive when enemies aren't around (turrets etc), Green = inactive when player isn't around (fish). Passive entities consume less CPU power.
|-
| show-wakeup-lists || When an entity is sleeping in another entity it shows which entities it's sleeping in.
|-
| show-transport-lines ||
|-
| show-transport-line-gaps ||
|-
| show-pollution-values || Shows the numeric pollution amount on each chunk.
|-
| show-active-entities-on-chunk-counts ||
Shows counts of active entities per chunk. They are divided into two categories:
* Blue = active when a player is around (e.g. fish)
* Green = active when enemies are around (e.g. turrets)
|-
| show-active-chunks || Shows in the map view, which chunks are "on", unmarked chunks are not calculated.
|-
| show-polluted-chunks || Shows which chunks have pollution.
|-
| hide-chart-tags || Hides map tags.
|-
| show-enemy-expansion-candidate-chunks || Where is space left to spread the brood? Goes from red (nearly no space) to green (space to expand).
|-
| show-enemy-expansion-candidate-chunk-values || Which chunks the enemies will try to expand into.
|-
| show-bad-attack-chunks ||
|-
| show-tile-variations || Shows, which tile-variation (1, 2 or 4 tile sized) is painted for which area of the map. Quite confusing, zoom in to see the meaning.
|-
| show-raw-tile-transitions || Turns connected textures for land and water off, so the distinction can easily be made.
|-
| show-fluid-box-fluid-info || How much fluid is in a pipe/storage tank, shows flow of liquid in pipes.
|-
| show-environment-sound-info || Displays which sound of which entity is played and how loud.
|-
| show-environment-sound-area ||
|-
| show-selected-entity-audible-range ||
|-
| show-recently-played-sound-info ||
|-
| show-logistic-robot-targets ||
|-
| show-spidertron-movement ||
|-
| show-player-robots ||
|-
| show-fire-info ||
|-
| show-sticker-info ||
|-
| show-decorative-names ||
|-
| show-decorative-collision-rectangles ||
|-
| allow-increased-zoom ||
|-
| show-chunk-components ||
|-
| show-train-no-path-details || Chat shows extra info on pathfinder for no-pathing trains. [https://forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?p=567834#p567834]
|}

{{C|Main}}

Quality

2025-02-07T17:02:06Z

Iridium235: /* Notes */ Fixed errors

{{Languages}}
{{About/Space age}}

'''Quality''' is a feature of the [[Space Age]] expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the producing structure. The two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond in the tooltip.
[[File:Quality icon.png|50px|thumb|right|Quality icon]]

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independent of most Space Age content.

== Achievements ==
Quality is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|make-it-better}}
{{Achievement|look-at-my-shiny-rare-armor}}
{{Achievement|todays-fish-is-trout-a-la-creme}}
{{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
{{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}
{{Achievement|no-room-for-more}}

== Quality tiers ==
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
* [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal (0)
* [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon (1)
* [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare (2)
* [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic (3)
* [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary ('''5''')

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

== Technologies ==
Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Research !! Base Game !! {{SA}} Space Age !! Unlocks
|-
| {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}} x 300
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}} x 500
| [[File:quality_uncommon.png|32px]] [[File:quality_rare.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_epic.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Metallurgic science pack}}{{icon|Electromagnetic science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}}{{icon|Cryogenic science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_legendary.png|32px]]
|-
|}

== Quality effects ==
The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:
* +30% health
* +30% crafting speed
* +30% robot limit (rounded down)
* +30% robot recharge rate (both number and speed, rounded down)
* +30% positive module effects (rounded down for at least quality modules)
* +10% turret range
* +10% weapon range
* +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
* +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
* +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
* +30% increased ammo damage
* +30% inserter rotation speed
* -16.67% (1/6) resource drain on miners.
** This is multiplicative with productivity
* +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
* +30% output rate on [[boiler]]s, [[steam engine]]s, [[steam turbine]]s, [[accumulator]]s (also affects input rate), and [[nuclear reactor]]s
** Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
* −16% power consumption on beacons
* +1 to both continuous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in [[radar]]s
* +100% durability on consumable items ([[repair pack]]s, [[science pack]]s)
* +5% fork chance on the [[tesla turret]] and tesla ammo for the tesla gun
* +30% power consumption on some entities, such as [[inserter]]s and [[asteroid collector]]s

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) [[Productivity module 3]] (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings only get increased health, with no special effect. Examples are:
*Buildings related to [[Circuit network]]s and [[Rail signal]]s
*[[Transport belt]]s
*[[Pipe]]s
*[[Wall]]s
*[[Locomotive|Trains]]
*[[Cargo wagon]]s

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quality Effects
|-
! Item !! Effect !! [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon !! [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare !! [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_1.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 1]] || Health || 300 || 390 || 480 || 570 || 750
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.5 || 0.65 || 0.8 || 0.95 || 1.25
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_2.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 2]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.75 || 0.975 || 1.2 || 1.425 || 1.875
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_3.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 3]] || Health || 400 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 1000
|-
| Crafting speed || 1.25 || 1.625 || 2 || 2.375 || 3.125
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:construction_robot.png|15px]] [[Construction robot]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Max flying reach || 571m || 1152m || 1728m || 2305m || 3457m
|-
| Energy capacity || 3MJ || 6MJ || 9MJ || 12MJ || 18MJ
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:inserter.png|15px]] [[Inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 15.1kW || 19.51kW || 23.92kW || 28.33kW || 37.15kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 302°/s || 393°/s || 484°/s || 575°/s || 756°/s
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:fast_inserter.png|15px]] [[Fast inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 59.3kW || 76.94kW || 94.58kW || 112kW || 148kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 864°/s || 1123°/s || 1382°/s || 1642°/s || 2160°/s
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:iron_chest.png|15px]] [[Iron chest]] || Health || 200 || 260 || 320 || 380 || 500
|-
| Storage size || 32 || 41 || 51 || 60 || 80
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:laser_turret.png|15px]] [[Laser turret]] || Health || 1000 || 1300 || 1600 || 1900 || 2500
|-
| Range || 24 tiles || 26.4 tiles || 28.8 tiles || 31.2 tiles || 36 tiles
|-

| rowspan="1" | [[File:pipe.png|15px]] [[Pipe]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:roboport.png|15px]] [[Roboport]] || Health || 500 || 650 || 800 || 950 || 1250
|-
| Energy consumption || 2.1MW || 2.7MW || 3.3MW || 3.9MW || 5.1MW
|-
| Robot recharge rate || 4 x 500kW || 4 x 650kW || 4 x 800kW || 4 x 950kW || 4 x 1.25MW
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:small_electric_pole.png|15px]] [[Small electric pole]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Supply area || 5x5 || 7x7 || 9x9 || 11x11 || 15x15
|-
| Wire reach || 7.5 tiles || 9.5 tiles || 11.5 tiles || 13.5 tiles || 17.5 tiles
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:steel_chest.png|15px]] [[Steel chest]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Storage size || 48 || 62 || 76 || 91 || 120
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:wooden_chest.png|15px]] [[Wooden chest]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Storage size || 16 || 20 || 25 || 30 || 40

|}

== Creating high-quality items ==

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

=== Quality ingredients ===
Recipes that consume items have variations for each quality that the items might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality. Recipes that consume only fluids do not have quality variations. If they produce items, those items will be normal quality unless affected by quality modules. Recipes that fill or empty [[barrel]]s and recipes that produce the same item they consume ([[kovarex enrichment process]] and [[fish breeding]]) do not accept quality modules.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon [[iron plate]]s with rare [[battery|batteries]] to make an [[accumulator]] of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same [[lubricant]] can be used to create [[electric engine unit]]s of any quality.

=== Quality modules ===
{{Main|Quality module}}
[[File:quality_module_animated.png|64px|right]]'''Quality modules''' allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Module|Quality}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module}}
| +1% || +1.3% || +1.6% || +1.9% || +2.5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_2}}
| +2% || +2.6% || +3.2% || +3.8% || +5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_3}}
| +2.5% || +3.2% || +4% || +4.7% || +6.2%
|}

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to ''improve'' quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance, the following tables present expected outputs for each level of research.
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 9/1000 || Q * 1/1000
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 || Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]
| - || - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>

==== Examples ====
<div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px; vertical-align:top;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 2× {{Icon|quality_module_2|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 4%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 96% || 3.6% || 0.4%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 96% || 4%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 10%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.09% || 0.01%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.1%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 90% || 9% || 1%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 90% || 10%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} → Q = 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.2232% || 0.0248%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.248%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.48%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 75.2% || 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div>

==== Optimal module usage ====
It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the recycler only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts (rounded up) needed to produce 1 legendary output using ideal ratios of quality module 3s to productivity module 3s, with 4 matching quality module 3 in the recycler.

It is important to emphasize that these ratios maximize return per input material. If input capacity isn't a concern and the goal is speed rather than material efficiency, then switch out productivity modules for quality modules as needed. Beware, however, that in many cases material inefficiency nearly keeps pace with the legendary output rate.

<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 891
|-
| 3 || 0% || 0 || 3 || 533
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 342
|-
| 4 || 50% || 0 || 4 || 97
|-
| 5 || 50% || 1 || 4 || 67
|-
| 8 || 0% || 4 || 4 || 70
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 608
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 356
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 212
|-
| 4 || 50% || 1 || 3 || 62
|-
| 5 || 50% || 2 || 3 || 40
|-
| 8 || 0% || 5 || 3 || 34
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 309
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 153
|-
| 4 || 0% || 2 || 2 || 80
|-
| 4 || 50% || 3 || 1 || 25
|-
| 5 || 50% || 4 || 1 || 14
|-
| 8 || 0% || 8 || 0 || 7
|}</div>
For example, suppose legendary T3 modules are available and the goal is to produce legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]] processing units. If each electromagnetic plant producing epic quality or below has 4 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] productivity module 3 and 1 legendary [[File:quality_module_3.png|link=Quality module 3|20px]] quality module 3, and the electromagnetic plant with the legendary recipe has 5 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] productivity module 3, then on average an input of 280 normal [[File:Electronic_circuit.png|link=Electronic circuit|20px]] electronic circuits and 28 normal [[File:Advanced_circuit.png|link=Advanced circuit|20px]] advanced circuits is expected to produce 1 legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]] processing unit.

===== Derivation =====
Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))|| (1 + P) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + P) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * Q * 9/10 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/100 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/1000 || (1 + P) * Q * 1/1000
|}

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + -0.75) * (1-Q) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (100 - 10-1)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| 0.25 * (1-Q) || 0.25 * Q * 9/10|| 0.25 * Q * 9/100 || 0.25 * Q * 9/1000 || 0.25 * Q * 1/1000
|}

For example, recycling an uncommon ingredient with a Q of 25%:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| style="background:#424242" | [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]] || - || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
|}

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see the Wikipedia article [[Wikipedia:Stochastic matrix|Stochastic matrix]]) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid; text-align:center;"
! !! style="border-left:2px solid" | I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
! style="border-left:2px solid" | P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.003375 || 0.000375
|-
! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.00375
|-
! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.0375
|-
! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.375
|-
! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.5
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.0005625 || 0.0000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.00625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.0625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|}

To iterate this matrix (M) apply the matrix to itself. For example, M6 would indicate 6 iterations, corresponding to 3 crafting steps and 3 recycling steps. To see how much 1 ingredient set produces after a given iteration, x, multiply an input vector by Mx. The vector format follows that of the matrix labels, so with the table arranged as above, left multiply a row vector of ingredient(s) by the matrix. In order to see the expected product of 1 set of normal ingredients, the vector will have '1' in the first column and '0's everywhere else. Likewise, a set of uncommon ingredients will correspond to '1' in the second column of the vector.

It is important to note that since the recycling step has a material loss of 75% most recycling loops will be well behaved and converge quickly.

Extreme productivity from research breaks this pattern and will prevent convergence, but this simply means that there is a positive material cycle, so 1 set of ingredients will produce infinite legendary crafts, on average. The closer the total productivity is to 400%, the slower the convergence of the matrix iteration and the higher you need to calculate x in Mx.


== Usage tips ==
=== Using quality to increase production ===
There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:
* Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
* Increasing the quality of [[speed module]]s will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
* Increasing the quality of [[productivity module]]s will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
* Increasing the quality of [[beacon]]s will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where [[electronic circuit]]s are made using one [[electromagnetic plant]] with five [[productivity module 3]]s, which is surrounded by 12 [[beacon]]s with two [[speed module 3]]s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered [[express transport belt]]). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half [[turbo transport belt]]s with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

=== Using quality to save space ===
Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a [[space platform]], where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

== Relevant Factorio Friday Facts ==
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-375 FFF 375 - Quality]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-376 FFF 376 - Research and Technology]

== Notes ==
* In the below circumstances, quality modules have no useful effects.
** Placed in a [[Rocket silo]]
** Placed in a [[Lab]]
** Placed in a [[Biolab]]
** Fluid recipes (e.g [[holmium solution]])
* [[Barrel]]s cannot accept quality modules, most likely to stop quality upcycling with no loss.

== Trivia ==
* Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the [[player]] character.
** Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled [[biter egg]]s, [[captive biter spawner]]s, and [[pentapod egg]]s inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters chose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{C|Main}}

Quality

2025-02-07T17:01:18Z

Iridium235: Added notes

{{Languages}}
{{About/Space age}}

'''Quality''' is a feature of the [[Space Age]] expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the producing structure. The two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond in the tooltip.
[[File:Quality icon.png|50px|thumb|right|Quality icon]]

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independent of most Space Age content.

== Achievements ==
Quality is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|make-it-better}}
{{Achievement|look-at-my-shiny-rare-armor}}
{{Achievement|todays-fish-is-trout-a-la-creme}}
{{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
{{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}
{{Achievement|no-room-for-more}}

== Quality tiers ==
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
* [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal (0)
* [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon (1)
* [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare (2)
* [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic (3)
* [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary ('''5''')

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

== Technologies ==
Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Research !! Base Game !! {{SA}} Space Age !! Unlocks
|-
| {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}} x 300
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}} x 500
| [[File:quality_uncommon.png|32px]] [[File:quality_rare.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_epic.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Metallurgic science pack}}{{icon|Electromagnetic science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}}{{icon|Cryogenic science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_legendary.png|32px]]
|-
|}

== Quality effects ==
The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:
* +30% health
* +30% crafting speed
* +30% robot limit (rounded down)
* +30% robot recharge rate (both number and speed, rounded down)
* +30% positive module effects (rounded down for at least quality modules)
* +10% turret range
* +10% weapon range
* +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
* +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
* +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
* +30% increased ammo damage
* +30% inserter rotation speed
* -16.67% (1/6) resource drain on miners.
** This is multiplicative with productivity
* +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
* +30% output rate on [[boiler]]s, [[steam engine]]s, [[steam turbine]]s, [[accumulator]]s (also affects input rate), and [[nuclear reactor]]s
** Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
* −16% power consumption on beacons
* +1 to both continuous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in [[radar]]s
* +100% durability on consumable items ([[repair pack]]s, [[science pack]]s)
* +5% fork chance on the [[tesla turret]] and tesla ammo for the tesla gun
* +30% power consumption on some entities, such as [[inserter]]s and [[asteroid collector]]s

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) [[Productivity module 3]] (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings only get increased health, with no special effect. Examples are:
*Buildings related to [[Circuit network]]s and [[Rail signal]]s
*[[Transport belt]]s
*[[Pipe]]s
*[[Wall]]s
*[[Locomotive|Trains]]
*[[Cargo wagon]]s

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quality Effects
|-
! Item !! Effect !! [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon !! [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare !! [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_1.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 1]] || Health || 300 || 390 || 480 || 570 || 750
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.5 || 0.65 || 0.8 || 0.95 || 1.25
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_2.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 2]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.75 || 0.975 || 1.2 || 1.425 || 1.875
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_3.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 3]] || Health || 400 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 1000
|-
| Crafting speed || 1.25 || 1.625 || 2 || 2.375 || 3.125
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:construction_robot.png|15px]] [[Construction robot]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Max flying reach || 571m || 1152m || 1728m || 2305m || 3457m
|-
| Energy capacity || 3MJ || 6MJ || 9MJ || 12MJ || 18MJ
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:inserter.png|15px]] [[Inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 15.1kW || 19.51kW || 23.92kW || 28.33kW || 37.15kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 302°/s || 393°/s || 484°/s || 575°/s || 756°/s
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:fast_inserter.png|15px]] [[Fast inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 59.3kW || 76.94kW || 94.58kW || 112kW || 148kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 864°/s || 1123°/s || 1382°/s || 1642°/s || 2160°/s
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:iron_chest.png|15px]] [[Iron chest]] || Health || 200 || 260 || 320 || 380 || 500
|-
| Storage size || 32 || 41 || 51 || 60 || 80
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:laser_turret.png|15px]] [[Laser turret]] || Health || 1000 || 1300 || 1600 || 1900 || 2500
|-
| Range || 24 tiles || 26.4 tiles || 28.8 tiles || 31.2 tiles || 36 tiles
|-

| rowspan="1" | [[File:pipe.png|15px]] [[Pipe]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:roboport.png|15px]] [[Roboport]] || Health || 500 || 650 || 800 || 950 || 1250
|-
| Energy consumption || 2.1MW || 2.7MW || 3.3MW || 3.9MW || 5.1MW
|-
| Robot recharge rate || 4 x 500kW || 4 x 650kW || 4 x 800kW || 4 x 950kW || 4 x 1.25MW
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:small_electric_pole.png|15px]] [[Small electric pole]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Supply area || 5x5 || 7x7 || 9x9 || 11x11 || 15x15
|-
| Wire reach || 7.5 tiles || 9.5 tiles || 11.5 tiles || 13.5 tiles || 17.5 tiles
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:steel_chest.png|15px]] [[Steel chest]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Storage size || 48 || 62 || 76 || 91 || 120
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:wooden_chest.png|15px]] [[Wooden chest]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Storage size || 16 || 20 || 25 || 30 || 40

|}

== Creating high-quality items ==

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

=== Quality ingredients ===
Recipes that consume items have variations for each quality that the items might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality. Recipes that consume only fluids do not have quality variations. If they produce items, those items will be normal quality unless affected by quality modules. Recipes that fill or empty [[barrel]]s and recipes that produce the same item they consume ([[kovarex enrichment process]] and [[fish breeding]]) do not accept quality modules.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon [[iron plate]]s with rare [[battery|batteries]] to make an [[accumulator]] of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same [[lubricant]] can be used to create [[electric engine unit]]s of any quality.

=== Quality modules ===
{{Main|Quality module}}
[[File:quality_module_animated.png|64px|right]]'''Quality modules''' allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Module|Quality}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module}}
| +1% || +1.3% || +1.6% || +1.9% || +2.5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_2}}
| +2% || +2.6% || +3.2% || +3.8% || +5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_3}}
| +2.5% || +3.2% || +4% || +4.7% || +6.2%
|}

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to ''improve'' quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance, the following tables present expected outputs for each level of research.
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 9/1000 || Q * 1/1000
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 || Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]
| - || - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>

==== Examples ====
<div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px; vertical-align:top;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 2× {{Icon|quality_module_2|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 4%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 96% || 3.6% || 0.4%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 96% || 4%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 10%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.09% || 0.01%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.1%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 90% || 9% || 1%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 90% || 10%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} → Q = 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.2232% || 0.0248%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.248%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.48%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 75.2% || 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div>

==== Optimal module usage ====
It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the recycler only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts (rounded up) needed to produce 1 legendary output using ideal ratios of quality module 3s to productivity module 3s, with 4 matching quality module 3 in the recycler.

It is important to emphasize that these ratios maximize return per input material. If input capacity isn't a concern and the goal is speed rather than material efficiency, then switch out productivity modules for quality modules as needed. Beware, however, that in many cases material inefficiency nearly keeps pace with the legendary output rate.

<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 891
|-
| 3 || 0% || 0 || 3 || 533
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 342
|-
| 4 || 50% || 0 || 4 || 97
|-
| 5 || 50% || 1 || 4 || 67
|-
| 8 || 0% || 4 || 4 || 70
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 608
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 356
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 212
|-
| 4 || 50% || 1 || 3 || 62
|-
| 5 || 50% || 2 || 3 || 40
|-
| 8 || 0% || 5 || 3 || 34
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 309
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 153
|-
| 4 || 0% || 2 || 2 || 80
|-
| 4 || 50% || 3 || 1 || 25
|-
| 5 || 50% || 4 || 1 || 14
|-
| 8 || 0% || 8 || 0 || 7
|}</div>
For example, suppose legendary T3 modules are available and the goal is to produce legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]] processing units. If each electromagnetic plant producing epic quality or below has 4 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] productivity module 3 and 1 legendary [[File:quality_module_3.png|link=Quality module 3|20px]] quality module 3, and the electromagnetic plant with the legendary recipe has 5 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] productivity module 3, then on average an input of 280 normal [[File:Electronic_circuit.png|link=Electronic circuit|20px]] electronic circuits and 28 normal [[File:Advanced_circuit.png|link=Advanced circuit|20px]] advanced circuits is expected to produce 1 legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]] processing unit.

===== Derivation =====
Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))|| (1 + P) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + P) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * Q * 9/10 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/100 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/1000 || (1 + P) * Q * 1/1000
|}

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + -0.75) * (1-Q) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (100 - 10-1)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| 0.25 * (1-Q) || 0.25 * Q * 9/10|| 0.25 * Q * 9/100 || 0.25 * Q * 9/1000 || 0.25 * Q * 1/1000
|}

For example, recycling an uncommon ingredient with a Q of 25%:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| style="background:#424242" | [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]] || - || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
|}

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see the Wikipedia article [[Wikipedia:Stochastic matrix|Stochastic matrix]]) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid; text-align:center;"
! !! style="border-left:2px solid" | I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
! style="border-left:2px solid" | P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.003375 || 0.000375
|-
! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.00375
|-
! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.0375
|-
! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.375
|-
! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.5
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.0005625 || 0.0000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.00625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.0625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|}

To iterate this matrix (M) apply the matrix to itself. For example, M6 would indicate 6 iterations, corresponding to 3 crafting steps and 3 recycling steps. To see how much 1 ingredient set produces after a given iteration, x, multiply an input vector by Mx. The vector format follows that of the matrix labels, so with the table arranged as above, left multiply a row vector of ingredient(s) by the matrix. In order to see the expected product of 1 set of normal ingredients, the vector will have '1' in the first column and '0's everywhere else. Likewise, a set of uncommon ingredients will correspond to '1' in the second column of the vector.

It is important to note that since the recycling step has a material loss of 75% most recycling loops will be well behaved and converge quickly.

Extreme productivity from research breaks this pattern and will prevent convergence, but this simply means that there is a positive material cycle, so 1 set of ingredients will produce infinite legendary crafts, on average. The closer the total productivity is to 400%, the slower the convergence of the matrix iteration and the higher you need to calculate x in Mx.


== Usage tips ==
=== Using quality to increase production ===
There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:
* Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
* Increasing the quality of [[speed module]]s will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
* Increasing the quality of [[productivity module]]s will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
* Increasing the quality of [[beacon]]s will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where [[electronic circuit]]s are made using one [[electromagnetic plant]] with five [[productivity module 3]]s, which is surrounded by 12 [[beacon]]s with two [[speed module 3]]s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered [[express transport belt]]). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half [[turbo transport belt]]s with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

=== Using quality to save space ===
Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a [[space platform]], where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

== Relevant Factorio Friday Facts ==
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-375 FFF 375 - Quality]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-376 FFF 376 - Research and Technology]

== Notes ==
* In these circumstances, quality modules have no useful effects.
** Placed in a [[Rocket silo]]
** Placed in a Lab]]
** Placed in a [[Biolab]]
** Fluid recipes (e.g [[holmium solution]])
* [[Barrel]]s cannot accept quality modules, most likely to stop quality upcycling with no loss.

== Trivia ==
* Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the [[player]] character.
** Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled [[biter egg]]s, [[captive biter spawner]]s, and [[pentapod egg]]s inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters chose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{C|Main}}

Barrel

2025-02-07T16:49:45Z

Iridium235: /* Notes */ Barrels are the only entities in the game that cannot accept quality modules.

{{Languages}}
'''Barrels''' can be used to store and transport 50 units of various fluids. Since they are solid objects, they can be used as an alternative to pipes, once [[fluid handling (research)|fluid handling]] is researched. The barrels themselves are reusable once the fluids are drained.

Barrels stack in groups of 10. A single [[cargo wagon]] can hold 400 barrels, which gives a capacity of 20,000 units per cargo wagon – 30,000 fewer units than the capacity of a [[fluid wagon]].

Empty barrels have a rocket capacity{{SA}} of 200. Full barrels, regardless of fluid, have a rocket capacity{{SA}} of 100. As such, a single rocket can carry 5000 units of any fluid which can be barrelled.

== Empty barrels ==
'''Empty barrels''' can be crafted. When barrels are emptied, the (required) [[assembling machine]] will also return an empty barrel.

{| class="wikitable"
| '''Recipe:''' || {{icon|steel plate|1}} + {{icon|time|1}} → {{icon|Empty barrel|1}}
|-
| '''Req. technology:''' || {{icontech|Fluid handling (research)|}} [[Fluid handling (research)|Fluid handling]]
|-
|}

{|class="wikitable"
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{Icon|Empty crude oil barrel||}} Empty crude oil barrel || {{Icon|crude oil barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|Crude oil|50}}
|-
| {{Icon|Empty heavy oil barrel||}} Empty heavy oil barrel || {{Icon|heavy oil barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|Heavy oil|50}}
|-
| {{Icon|Empty light oil barrel||}} Empty light oil barrel || {{Icon|light oil barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|light oil|50}}
|-
| {{Icon|Empty lubricant barrel||}} Empty lubricant barrel || {{Icon|lubricant barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|lubricant|50}}
|-
| {{Icon|Empty petroleum gas barrel||}} Empty petroleum gas barrel || {{Icon|petroleum gas barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|petroleum gas|50}}
|-
| {{Icon|Empty sulfuric acid barrel||}} Empty sulfuric acid barrel || {{Icon|sulfuric acid barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|sulfuric acid|50}}
|-
| {{Icon|Empty water barrel||}} Empty water barrel || {{Icon|water barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|water|50}}
|-
| {{Icon|Empty fluoroketone (hot) barrel|space-age=yes||}} Empty fluoroketone (hot) barrel || {{Icon|fluoroketone (hot) barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|fluoroketone (hot)|50}}
|-
| {{Icon|Empty fluoroketone (cold) barrel|space-age=yes||}} Empty fluoroketone (cold) barrel || {{Icon|fluoroketone (cold) barrel|1|}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|Empty barrel|1|}} + {{icon|fluoroketone (cold)|50}}
|}

== Fill barrels ==
'''Filled barrels''' cannot be crafted. They are filled using the respective [[fluid system|fluids]]'s '''Fill barrel''' process which consumes empty barrels.

{|class="wikitable"
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
|-
| {{Icon|Fill crude oil barrel||}} Fill crude oil barrel || {{Icon|Empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|Crude oil|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|crude oil barrel|1|}}
|-
| {{Icon|Fill heavy oil barrel||}} Fill heavy oil barrel || {{Icon|empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|heavy oil|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|heavy oil barrel|1|}}
|-
| {{Icon|Fill light oil barrel||}} Fill light oil barrel || {{Icon|empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|light oil|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|light oil barrel|1|}}
|-
| {{Icon|Fill lubricant barrel||}} Fill lubricant barrel || {{Icon|empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|lubricant|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|lubricant barrel|1|}}
|-
| {{Icon|Fill petroleum gas barrel||}} Fill petroleum gas barrel || {{Icon|empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|petroleum gas|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|petroleum gas barrel|1|}}
|-
| {{Icon|Fill sulfuric acid barrel||}} Fill sulfuric acid barrel || {{Icon|empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|sulfuric acid|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|sulfuric acid barrel|1|}}
|-
| {{Icon|Fill water barrel||}} Fill water barrel || {{Icon|empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|water|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|water barrel|1|}}
|-
| {{Icon|Fill fluoroketone (hot) barrel|space-age=yes||}} Fill fluoroketone (hot) barrel || {{Icon|empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|fluoroketone (hot)|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|fluoroketone (hot) barrel|1|}}
|-
| {{Icon|Fill fluoroketone (cold) barrel|space-age=yes||}} Fill fluoroketone (cold) barrel || {{Icon|empty barrel|1|}} {{icon|fluoroketone (cold)|50}} {{icon|time|0.2}} || {{icon|Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|Assembling machine 3}} || {{Icon|fluoroketone (cold) barrel|1|}}
|}

== Example of use ==
Barrels are useful in situations where pipes are not available or a bad option, such as oil production far away from your main factory, or when transporting fluids to another planet in [[Space Age]]{{SA}}. Barrels can be transported with a [[belt transport system]] or [[railway]], by [[logistic robot]]s, via [[car]] or [[tank]], or in the [[player]]'s inventory. A simple example with [[transport belts]]:

[[File:Crude-oil-barrel-handling-example.png]]

== Notes ==
* Despite being labelled as an intermediate product, barrels cannot accept [[productivity module]]s.
* Barrels are the only entities in the game that cannot accept [[quality module]]s.

== History ==
{{History|0.16.8|
* Lowered barrel fluid capacity from 250 to 50. (So cargo wagon with barrels holds 20k and logistic robots are not too strong alternative to carrying fluids.)
* Decreased barrelling crafting time from 1 second to 0.2 seconds.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Added automatic barreling support for all fluids.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid handling (research)|Fluid handling]]
* [[Oil processing]]
* [[Crude oil]]

{{C|Intermediate products}}

Quantum processor (research)

2025-01-31T00:35:51Z

Iridium235: /* History */ 2.0.33 info

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Quantum processor (research)}}
{{About/Space age}}
Unlocks the [[quantum processor]], a late-game item used for [[railgun]]s, [[fusion reactor|fusion energy]] and [[promethium science pack]]s.
Despite requiring the [[biter egg handling (research)]], the processor does not require biter eggs to craft.

== History ==
{{History|2.0.33|
* [[Biter egg handling]] is no longer a prerequisite for this research as it is moved as a prerequisite for [[promethium science pack]].
}}
{{History|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Aquilo]]

{{TechNav}}

Infobox:Quantum processor (research)

2025-01-31T00:33:45Z

Iridium235: Updated for 2.0.33

{{Infobox
|space-age = yes
|category = Technology
|prototype-type = technology
|internal-name = quantum-processor
|effects = quantum processor
|required-technologies = Cryogenic science pack
|cost = Time, 60 + Automation science pack, 1 + Logistic science pack, 1 + Chemical science pack, 1 + Production science pack,1 + Utility science pack,1 + Space science pack, 1 + Metallurgic science pack,1 + Electromagnetic science pack,1 + Agricultural science pack, 1 + Cryogenic science pack,1
|cost-multiplier = 500
|allows = Railgun + Fusion reactor
}}<noinclude>[[Category:Infobox page]]</noinclude>

Aquilo

2025-01-24T11:46:31Z

Iridium235: /* Notes */ Added the word "all"

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:aquilo_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Aquilo''' is a desolate, freezing ocean [[planet]]. Its surface consists solely of a vast ocean of liquid ammonia, with the occasional floating iceberg.

Progression wise, Aquilo is meant to be visited after establishing factories on all the previous planets. [[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] requires [[rocket turret]]s, [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]], and [[heating tower]]s from Gleba, [[Asteroid reprocessing (research)]] from [[Vulcanus]], and [[Electromagnetic science pack (research)]] from [[Fulgora]].

[[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-aquilo}}

== Exclusive items ==
The following items are unlocked on Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion generator|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun turret|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Portable fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Aquilo Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || None
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 20 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 10
|-
| Solar Power || 01%
|-
| Pressure || 300
|-
| Gravity || 15
|-
| Robot energy usage || 500%
|}

=== Natural resources ===
In terms of directly exploitable natural resources, Aquilo has:
* [[Ammoniacal solution]]{{SA}} (via [[offshore pump]] on the edge of the ammoniacal seas)
* [[Lithium brine]]{{SA}} (via [[pumpjack]])
* [[Fluorine]]{{SA}} (via pumpjack)
* [[Crude oil]] (via pumpjack)

With crude oil being the only non-exclusive resource to Aquilo, excluding ice obtained from [[lithium ice formation]].

Stone, iron and copper (and coal if desired) need to be imported from other planets as Aquilo lacks ways to obtain these from the environment.

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] can be obtained via [[Ammoniacal solution separation]] and [[Ice melting]]
* [[Stone]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Iron ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Copper ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Coal]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Crude oil]] can be obtained using pumpjacks as normal

== Mechanics ==

The starting area on Aquilo is a relatively small patch of snow and ice terrain. Beyond this small platform are the vast ammoniacal seas, which have small dots of icey terrain in them, usually around [[crude_oil|crude oil]], [[fluorine]]{{SA}}, or [[lithium_brine|lithium brine]]{{SA}} resource geysers. Aquilo is notable for having nothing to drill with any kind of miner. All natural resources, spare the [[lithium ice formation]]s, are gathered either by an [[offshore pump]] or [[pumpjack]]. Bases on Aquilo will be reliant on regularly shipping in resources from other planets.

=== Ice terrain ===

On Aquilo, most terrain must be constructed, but [[landfill]] and [[foundation]]{{SA}} are no help. Instead, you must use [[ice platform|ice platforms]]{{SA}}. These platforms are created by first using [[ammoniacal solution separation]]{{SA}} to make [[ice]]{{SA}} and [[ammonia]]{{SA}}, then re-combining those into a platform that can be placed on the ocean like [[landfill]].

Snowy terrain can be built on directly, but on any kind of ice terrain or [[ice platform]], most buildings will require an insulating floor of [[concrete]] tiles or derivatives before they can be placed. [[Stone_brick|Stone Bricks]] can not be used to pave ice. Despite the flavor text stating that ice platforms "Will melt if exposed to heat", they do not actually melt.

=== Freezing ===
Aquilo is brutally cold. The harsh ambient temperatures drain the energy from any airborne [[construction robot|construction robots]] and [[logistic robot|logistic robots]], making them consume 5 times more power than normal. Most buildings will freeze and stop working unless heated by a [[heat pipe]] or heat generator. Heat can be generated by the [[nuclear reactor]] or [[heating tower]]{{SA}}.

Once a building is adjacent to a heat source above 29°C (30.01°C or higher), it will consume heat energy to maintain its state, reducing the energy (and temperature) in the heat source. Different entities consume different amounts of heat to prevent freezing.

===Notes===
* [[Underground belt]]s and [[pipe]]s are substantially larger heat drains than their above-ground versions
* Heat pipes do not lose heat to the environment; they only lose heat to entities that need to be kept warm.
* All [[burner devices|burner]] entities and heat-producing machines are immune to freezing.

For details on heat throughput, see the [[heat pipe]] page.

A building is adjacent to a heat source when it is one tile away from the heat source either orthogonally or diagonally. All of the pipes would be heated in the below example: 


{| class="wikitable"
|
[[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heat_pipe.png|24px|link=heat_pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heating_tower.png|72px|link=Heating_tower]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
|
[[File:Heat_demo.gif]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Entity Heat Consumption
|-
! Building !! Kilowatts
|-
| {{Icon|Transport belt}} {{Icon|Fast transport belt}} {{Icon|Express transport belt}} {{Icon|Turbo transport belt}}|| 10
|-
| {{Icon|Underground belt}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Fast underground belt}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Express underground belt}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo underground belt}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Splitter}} {{Icon|Fast splitter}} {{Icon|Express splitter}} || 40
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo splitter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe}} || 1
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe to ground}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Pump}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Storage tank}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Power switch}} || 20
|-
| {{Icon|Steam engine}} {{Icon|Steam turbine}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Pumpjack}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Inserter}} {{Icon|Fast inserter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Long-handed inserter}} {{Icon|Bulk inserter}} {{Icon|Stack inserter}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Arithmetic combinator}} {{Icon|Decider combinator}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Selector combinator}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Assembling machine 1}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 2}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 3}} {{Icon|Electric furnace}} {{Icon|Chemical plant}} {{Icon|Lab}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Cryogenic plant}} {{Icon|Recycler}} {{Icon|Biochamber}} {{Icon|Electromagnetic plant}} {{Icon|Centrifuge}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Foundry}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Roboport}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Rocket silo}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon}} ||400
|}

The following Entities are immune from freezing. Many may be placed directly on ice tiles (with the exceptions you might expect, mostly).
{| class="wikitable"
! Tile !! Entities !! Category
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Cargo landing pad}} {{Icon|Cargo bay}} || Space Cargo
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Offshore pump}} || Offshore Pumps
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Wooden chest}} {{Icon|Iron chest}} {{Icon|Steel chest}} {{Icon|Active provider chest}} {{Icon|Passive provider chest}} {{Icon|Storage chest}} {{Icon|Buffer chest}} {{Icon|Requester chest}} || Chests
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Small electric pole}} {{Icon|Medium electric pole}} {{Icon|Big electric pole}} {{Icon|Substation}} || Electric Poles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Solar panel}} {{Icon|Accumulator}} {{Icon|Lamp}} {{Icon|Constant combinator}} || Basic Electric Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Programmable speaker}} {{Icon|Display panel}} || Player Notification Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Burner inserter}} {{Icon|Boiler}} {{Icon|Stone furnace}} {{Icon|Steel furnace}} || Burner Entities
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Nuclear reactor}} {{Icon|Heat exchanger}} {{Icon|Heating tower}} {{Icon|Heat pipe}} || Heat Generators and Heat Pipes
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Fusion reactor}} {{Icon|Fusion generator}} || Fusion Power
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Lightning rod}} {{Icon|Lightning collector}} || Lightning Collectors
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Tesla turret}} || Tesla Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Flamethrower turret}} || Flamethrower Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Wall}} {{Icon|Gate}} || Walls and Gates
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Construction robot}} {{Icon|Logistic robot}} {{Icon|Defender capsule}} {{Icon|Distractor capsule}} {{Icon|Destroyer capsule}} || Bots
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Car}} {{Icon|Tank}} {{Icon|Spidertron}} || Vehicles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Locomotive}} {{Icon|Cargo wagon}} {{Icon|Fluid wagon}} {{Icon|Artillery wagon}} || Trains
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Straight rail}} {{Icon|Rail ramp}} {{Icon|Rail support}} {{Icon|Train stop}} {{Icon|Rail signal}} {{Icon|Rail chain signal}} || Rail Pieces
|}

=== Solar energy ===
Aquilo is far from the sun, and so [[solar panel]]s on its surface only output at 1% of their rate on Nauvis: 0.6 kW peak production. This makes panels practical for little more than powering a handful of [[inserter]]s to jump start heat production.

==Space routes==
[[Aquilo]] is connected to 2 other planets, [[Gleba]]{{SA}} and [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}, along with the [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Gleba]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}|| 100,000
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Gleba]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Fulgora_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Fulgora]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Aquilo_Solar_System_Edge.png]] Space route from [[Aquilo]] to [[Solar system edge]]
|}

Graph legend:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Asteroid type</th>
<th>Chunk</th>
<th>Medium</th>
<th>Big</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Metallic</td>
<td>● Blue</td>
<td>● Red</td>
<td>● Cyan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Carbonic</td>
<td>● Orange</td>
<td>● Yellow</td>
<td>● Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Oxide</td>
<td>● Green</td>
<td>● Magenta</td>
<td>● Purple</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 60%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 2
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 20
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk|| .10
|-
| Medium|| 0
|-
| Big || 0.25
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
aquilo_landscape.png|Example landscape of Aquilo.
aquilo_landscape_main_menu.png|Aquilo seen on the expansion's title screen.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* In mythology, Aquilo is the Roman god of the north wind, storms, and winter.
* Aquilo's design with ice and liquid ammonia oceans is based on real-world [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20planet ice planets].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Fulgora]] {{SA}}
* [[Gleba]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Vulcanus]] {{SA}}
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Quality

2025-01-24T04:12:35Z

Iridium235: /* Achievements */ Removed duplicate and reordered the achevements, from easiest to hardest.

{{Languages}}
{{Boilerplate
|icon=No-building-material-icon.png
|line-1=This article is a lacking sources for details of upcoming changes.
|line-2=You can help this wiki by [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} adding them].}}
{{About/Space age}}

'''Quality''' is a feature of the [[Space Age]] expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the producing structure. The two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond in the tooltip.
[[File:Quality icon.png|50px|thumb|right|Quality icon]]

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independent of most Space Age content.

== Achievements ==
Quality is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|make-it-better}}
{{Achievement|look-at-my-shiny-rare-armor}}
{{Achievement|todays-fish-is-trout-a-la-creme}}
{{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
{{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}
{{Achievement|no-room-for-more}}

== Quality tiers ==
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
* [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal (0)
* [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon (1)
* [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare (2)
* [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic (3)
* [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary ('''5''')

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

== Technologies ==
Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Research !! Base Game !! {{SA}} Space Age !! Unlocks
|-
| {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}} x 300
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}} x 500
| [[File:quality_uncommon.png|32px]] [[File:quality_rare.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_epic.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Metallurgic science pack}}{{icon|Electromagnetic science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}}{{icon|Cryogenic science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_legendary.png|32px]]
|-
|}

== Quality effects ==
The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:
* +30% health
* +30% crafting speed
* +30% robot limit (rounded down)
* +30% robot recharge rate (both number and speed, rounded down)
* +30% positive module effects (rounded down for at least quality modules)
* +10% turret range
* +10% weapon range
* +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
* +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
* +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
* +30% increased ammo damage
* +30% inserter rotation speed
* -16.67% (1/6) resource drain on miners.
** This is multiplicative with productivity
* +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
* +30% output rate on [[boiler]]s, [[steam engine]]s, [[steam turbine]]s, [[accumulator]]s (also affects input rate), and [[nuclear reactor]]s
** Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
* −16% power consumption on beacons
* +1 to both continuous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in [[radar]]s
* +100% durability on consumable items ([[repair pack]]s, [[science pack]]s)
* +5% fork chance on the [[tesla turret]] and tesla ammo for the tesla gun

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) [[Productivity module 3]] (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings only get increased health, with no special effect. Examples are:
*Buildings related to [[Circuit network]]s and [[Rail signal]]s
*[[Transport belt]]s
*[[Pipe]]s
*[[Wall]]s
*[[Locomotive|Trains]]
*[[Cargo wagon]]s

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quality Effects
|-
! Item !! Effect !! [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon !! [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare !! [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_1.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 1]] || Health || 300 || 390 || 480 || 570 || 750
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.5 || 0.65 || 0.8 || 0.95 || 1.25
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_2.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 2]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.75 || 0.975 || 1.2 || 1.425 || 1.875
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_3.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 3]] || Health || 400 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 1000
|-
| Crafting speed || 1.25 || 1.625 || 2 || 2.375 || 3.125
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:construction_robot.png|15px]] [[Construction robot]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Max flying reach || 571m || 1152m || 1728m || 2305m || 3457m
|-
| Energy capacity || 3MJ || 6MJ || 9MJ || 12MJ || 18MJ
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:inserter.png|15px]] [[Inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 15.1kW || 19.51kW || 23.92kW || 28.33kW || 37.15kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 302°/s || 393°/s || 484°/s || 575°/s || 756°/s
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:fast_inserter.png|15px]] [[Fast inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 59.3kW || 76.94kW || 94.58kW || 112kW || 148kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 864°/s || 1123°/s || 1382°/s || 1642°/s || 2160°/s
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:iron_chest.png|15px]] [[Iron chest]] || Health || 200 || 260 || 320 || 380 || 500
|-
| Storage size || 32 || 41 || 51 || 60 || 80
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:laser_turret.png|15px]] [[Laser turret]] || Health || 1000 || 1300 || 1600 || 1900 || 2500
|-
| Range || 24 tiles || 26.4 tiles || 28.8 tiles || 31.2 tiles || 36 tiles
|-

| rowspan="1" | [[File:pipe.png|15px]] [[Pipe]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:roboport.png|15px]] [[Roboport]] || Health || 500 || 650 || 800 || 950 || 1250
|-
| Energy consumption || 2.1MW || 2.7MW || 3.3MW || 3.9MW || 5.1MW
|-
| Robot recharge rate || 4 x 500kW || 4 x 650kW || 4 x 800kW || 4 x 950kW || 4 x 1.25MW
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:small_electric_pole.png|15px]] [[Small electric pole]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Supply area || 5x5 || 7x7 || 9x9 || 11x11 || 15x15
|-
| Wire reach || 7.5 tiles || 9.5 tiles || 11.5 tiles || 13.5 tiles || 17.5 tiles
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:steel_chest.png|15px]] [[Steel chest]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Storage size || 48 || 62 || 76 || 91 || 120
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:wooden_chest.png|15px]] [[Wooden chest]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Storage size || 16 || 20 || 25 || 30 || 40

|}

== Creating high-quality items ==

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

=== Quality ingredients ===
Recipes that create items have variations for each quality that the item might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon [[iron plate]]s with rare [[battery|batteries]] to make an [[accumulator]] of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same [[lubricant]] can be used to create [[electric engine unit]]s of any quality.

=== Quality modules ===
{{Main|Quality module}}
[[File:quality_module_animated.png|64px|right]]'''Quality modules''' allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Module|Quality}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module}}
| +1% || +1.3% || +1.6% || +1.9% || +2.5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_2}}
| +2% || +2.6% || +3.2% || +3.8% || +5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_3}}
| +2.5% || +3.2% || +4% || +4.7% || +6.2%
|}

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to ''improve'' quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance, the following tables present expected outputs for each level of research.
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 9/1000 || Q * 1/1000
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 || Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]
| - || - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>

==== Examples ====
<div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px; vertical-align:top;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 2× {{Icon|quality_module_2|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 4%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 96% || 3.6% || 0.4%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 96% || 4%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 10%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.09% || 0.01%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.1%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 90% || 9% || 1%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 90% || 10%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} → Q = 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.2232% || 0.0248%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.248%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.48%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 75.2% || 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div>

==== Optimal module usage ====
It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the recycler only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts (rounded up) needed to produce 1 legendary output using ideal ratios of quality module 3s to productivity module 3s, with 4 matching quality module 3 in the recycler.

It is important to emphasize that these ratios maximize return per input material. If input capacity isn't a concern and the goal is speed rather than material efficiency, then switch out productivity modules for quality modules as needed. Beware, however, that in many cases material inefficiency nearly keeps pace with the legendary output rate.

<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 891
|-
| 3 || 0% || 0 || 3 || 533
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 342
|-
| 4 || 50% || 0 || 4 || 97
|-
| 5 || 50% || 1 || 4 || 67
|-
| 8 || 0% || 4 || 4 || 70
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 608
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 356
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 212
|-
| 4 || 50% || 1 || 3 || 62
|-
| 5 || 50% || 2 || 3 || 40
|-
| 8 || 0% || 5 || 3 || 34
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 309
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 153
|-
| 4 || 0% || 2 || 2 || 80
|-
| 4 || 50% || 3 || 1 || 25
|-
| 5 || 50% || 4 || 1 || 14
|-
| 8 || 0% || 8 || 0 || 7
|}</div>
For example, suppose legendary T3 modules are available and the goal is to produce legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]]. If each electromagnetic plant producing epic quality or below has 4 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] and 1 legendary [[File:quality_module_3.png|link=Quality module 3|20px]], and the electromagnetic plant with the legendary recipe has 5 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]], then on average an input of 280 normal [[File:Electronic_circuit.png|link=Electronic circuit|20px]] and 28 normal [[File:Advanced_circuit.png|link=Advanced circuit|20px]] is expected to produce 1 legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]].

===== Derivation =====
Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))|| (1 + P) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + P) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * Q * 9/10 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/100 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/1000 || (1 + P) * Q * 1/1000
|}

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + -0.75) * (1-Q) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (100 - 10-1)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| 0.25 * (1-Q) || 0.25 * Q * 9/10|| 0.25 * Q * 9/100 || 0.25 * Q * 9/1000 || 0.25 * Q * 1/1000
|}

For example, recycling an uncommon ingredient with a Q of 25%:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| style="background:#424242" | [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]] || - || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
|}

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see Stochastic Matrix on wikipedia) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid; text-align:center;"
! !! style="border-left:2px solid" | I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
! style="border-left:2px solid" | P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.003375 || 0.000375
|-
! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.00375
|-
! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.0375
|-
! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.375
|-
! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.5
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.0005625 || 0.0000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.00625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.0625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|}

To iterate this matrix (M) apply the matrix to itself. For example, M6 would indicate 6 iterations, corresponding to 3 crafting steps and 3 recycling steps. To see how much 1 ingredient set produces after a given iteration, x, multiply an input vector by Mx. The vector format follows that of the matrix labels, so with the table arranged as above, left multiply a row vector of ingredient(s) by the matrix. In order to see the expected product of 1 set of normal ingredients, the vector will have '1' in the first column and '0's everywhere else. Likewise, a set of uncommon ingredients will correspond to '1' in the second column of the vector.

It is important to note that since the recycling step has a material loss of 75% most recycling loops will be well behaved and converge quickly.

Extreme productivity from research breaks this pattern and will prevent convergence, but this simply means that there is a positive material cycle, so 1 set of ingredients will produce infinite legendary crafts, on average. The closer the total productivity is to 400%, the slower the convergence of the matrix iteration and the higher you need to calculate x in Mx.


== Usage tips ==
=== Using quality to increase production ===
There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:
* Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
* Increasing the quality of [[speed module]]s will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
* Increasing the quality of [[productivity module]]s will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
* Increasing the quality of [[beacon]]s will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where [[electronic circuit]]s are made using one [[electromagnetic plant]] with five [[productivity module 3]]s, which is surrounded by 12 [[beacon]]s with two [[speed module 3]]s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered [[express transport belt]]). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half [[turbo transport belt]]s with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

=== Using quality to save space ===
Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a [[space platform]], where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

== Relevant Factorio Friday Facts ==
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-375 FFF 375 - Quality]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-376 FFF 376 - Research and Technology]

== Trivia ==
* Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the [[player]] character.
** Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled [[biter egg]]s, [[captive biter spawner]]s, and [[pentapod egg]]s inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters chose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{C|Main}}

Aquilo

2025-01-23T00:52:02Z

Iridium235: /* Mechanics */ Added links

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:aquilo_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Aquilo''' is a desolate, freezing ocean [[planet]]. Its surface consists solely of a vast ocean of liquid ammonia, with the occasional floating iceberg.

Progression wise, Aquilo is meant to be visited after establishing factories on all the previous planets. [[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] requires [[rocket turret]]s, [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]], and [[heating tower]]s from Gleba, [[Asteroid reprocessing (research)]] from [[Vulcanus]], and [[Electromagnetic science pack (research)]] from [[Fulgora]].

[[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-aquilo}}

== Exclusive items ==
The following items are unlocked on Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion generator|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun turret|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Portable fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Aquilo Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || None
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 20 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 10
|-
| Solar Power || 01%
|-
| Pressure || 300
|-
| Gravity || 15
|-
| Robot energy usage || 500%
|}

=== Natural resources ===
In terms of directly exploitable natural resources, Aquilo has:
* [[Ammoniacal solution]]{{SA}} (via [[offshore pump]] on the edge of the ammoniacal seas)
* [[Lithium brine]]{{SA}} (via [[pumpjack]])
* [[Fluorine]]{{SA}} (via pumpjack)
* [[Crude oil]] (via pumpjack)

With crude oil being the only non-exclusive resource to Aquilo, excluding ice obtained from [[lithium ice formation]].

Stone, iron and copper (and coal if desired) need to be imported from other planets as Aquilo lacks ways to obtain these from the environment.

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] can be obtained via [[Ammoniacal solution separation]] and [[Ice melting]]
* [[Stone]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Iron ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Copper ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Coal]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Crude oil]] can be obtained using pumpjacks as normal

== Mechanics ==

The starting area on Aquilo is a relatively small patch of snow and ice terrain. Beyond this small platform are the vast ammoniacal seas, which have small dots of icey terrain in them, usually around [[crude_oil|crude oil]], [[fluorine]]{{SA}}, or [[lithium_brine|lithium brine]]{{SA}} resource geysers. Aquilo is notable for having nothing to drill with any kind of miner. All natural resources, spare the [[lithium ice formation]]s, are gathered either by an [[offshore pump]] or [[pumpjack]]. Bases on Aquilo will be reliant on regularly shipping in resources from other planets.

=== Ice terrain ===

On Aquilo, most terrain must be constructed, but [[landfill]] and [[foundation]]{{SA}} are no help. Instead, you must use [[ice platform|ice platforms]]{{SA}}. These platforms are created by first using [[ammoniacal solution separation]]{{SA}} to make [[ice]]{{SA}} and [[ammonia]]{{SA}}, then re-combining those into a platform that can be placed on the ocean like [[landfill]].

Snowy terrain can be built on directly, but on any kind of ice terrain or [[ice platform]], most buildings will require an insulating floor of [[concrete]] tiles or derivatives before they can be placed. [[Stone_brick|Stone Bricks]] can not be used to pave ice. Despite the flavor text stating that ice platforms "Will melt if exposed to heat", they do not actually melt.

=== Freezing ===
Aquilo is brutally cold. The harsh ambient temperatures drain the energy from any airborne [[construction robot|construction robots]] and [[logistic robot|logistic robots]], making them consume 5 times more power than normal. Most buildings will freeze and stop working unless heated by a [[heat pipe]] or heat generator. Heat can be generated by the [[nuclear reactor]] or [[heating tower]]{{SA}}.

Once a building is adjacent to a heat source above 29°C (30.01°C or higher), it will consume heat energy to maintain its state, reducing the energy (and temperature) in the heat source. Different entities consume different amounts of heat to prevent freezing.

===Notes===
* [[Underground belt]]s and [[pipe]]s are substantially larger heat drains than their above-ground versions
* Heat pipes do not lose heat to the environment; they only lose heat to entities that need to be kept warm.
* [[burner devices|Burner]] entities and heat-producing machines are immune to freezing.

For details on heat throughput, see the [[heat pipe]] page.

A building is adjacent to a heat source when it is one tile away from the heat source either orthogonally or diagonally. All of the pipes would be heated in the below example: 


{| class="wikitable"
|
[[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heat_pipe.png|24px|link=heat_pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heating_tower.png|72px|link=Heating_tower]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
|
[[File:Heat_demo.gif]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Entity Heat Consumption
|-
! Building !! Kilowatts
|-
| {{Icon|Transport belt}} {{Icon|Fast transport belt}} {{Icon|Express transport belt}} {{Icon|Turbo transport belt}}|| 10
|-
| {{Icon|Underground belt}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Fast underground belt}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Express underground belt}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo underground belt}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Splitter}} {{Icon|Fast splitter}} {{Icon|Express splitter}} || 40
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo splitter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe}} || 1
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe to ground}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Pump}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Storage tank}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Power switch}} || 20
|-
| {{Icon|Steam engine}} {{Icon|Steam turbine}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Pumpjack}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Inserter}} {{Icon|Fast inserter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Long-handed inserter}} {{Icon|Bulk inserter}} {{Icon|Stack inserter}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Arithmetic combinator}} {{Icon|Decider combinator}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Selector combinator}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Assembling machine 1}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 2}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 3}} {{Icon|Electric furnace}} {{Icon|Chemical plant}} {{Icon|Lab}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Cryogenic plant}} {{Icon|Recycler}} {{Icon|Biochamber}} {{Icon|Electromagnetic plant}} {{Icon|Centrifuge}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Foundry}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Roboport}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Rocket silo}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon}} ||400
|}

The following Entities are immune from freezing. Many may be placed directly on ice tiles (with the exceptions you might expect, mostly).
{| class="wikitable"
! Tile !! Entities !! Category
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Cargo landing pad}} {{Icon|Cargo bay}} || Space Cargo
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Offshore pump}} || Offshore Pumps
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Wooden chest}} {{Icon|Iron chest}} {{Icon|Steel chest}} {{Icon|Active provider chest}} {{Icon|Passive provider chest}} {{Icon|Storage chest}} {{Icon|Buffer chest}} {{Icon|Requester chest}} || Chests
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Small electric pole}} {{Icon|Medium electric pole}} {{Icon|Big electric pole}} {{Icon|Substation}} || Electric Poles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Solar panel}} {{Icon|Accumulator}} {{Icon|Lamp}} {{Icon|Constant combinator}} || Basic Electric Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Programmable speaker}} {{Icon|Display panel}} || Player Notification Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Burner inserter}} {{Icon|Boiler}} {{Icon|Stone furnace}} {{Icon|Steel furnace}} || Burner Entities
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Nuclear reactor}} {{Icon|Heat exchanger}} {{Icon|Heating tower}} {{Icon|Heat pipe}} || Heat Generators and Heat Pipes
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Fusion reactor}} {{Icon|Fusion generator}} || Fusion Power
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Lightning rod}} {{Icon|Lightning collector}} || Lightning Collectors
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Tesla turret}} || Tesla Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Flamethrower turret}} || Flamethrower Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Wall}} {{Icon|Gate}} || Walls and Gates
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Construction robot}} {{Icon|Logistic robot}} {{Icon|Defender capsule}} {{Icon|Distractor capsule}} {{Icon|Destroyer capsule}} || Bots
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Car}} {{Icon|Tank}} {{Icon|Spidertron}} || Vehicles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Locomotive}} {{Icon|Cargo wagon}} {{Icon|Fluid wagon}} {{Icon|Artillery wagon}} || Trains
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Straight rail}} {{Icon|Rail ramp}} {{Icon|Rail support}} {{Icon|Train stop}} {{Icon|Rail signal}} {{Icon|Rail chain signal}} || Rail Pieces
|}

=== Solar energy ===
Aquilo is far from the sun, and so [[solar panel]]s on its surface only output at 1% of their rate on Nauvis: 0.6 kW peak production. This makes panels practical for little more than powering a handful of [[inserter]]s to jump start heat production.

==Space routes==
[[Aquilo]] is connected to 2 other planets, [[Gleba]]{{SA}} and [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}, along with the [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Gleba]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}|| 100,000
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Gleba]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Fulgora_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Fulgora]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Aquilo_Solar_System_Edge.png]] Space route from [[Aquilo]] to [[Solar system edge]]
|}

Graph legend:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Asteroid type</th>
<th>Chunk</th>
<th>Medium</th>
<th>Big</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Metallic</td>
<td>● Blue</td>
<td>● Red</td>
<td>● Cyan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Carbonic</td>
<td>● Orange</td>
<td>● Yellow</td>
<td>● Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Oxide</td>
<td>● Green</td>
<td>● Magenta</td>
<td>● Purple</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 60%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 2
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 20
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk|| .10
|-
| Medium|| 0
|-
| Big || 0.25
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
aquilo_landscape.png|Example landscape of Aquilo.
aquilo_landscape_main_menu.png|Aquilo seen on the expansion's title screen.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* In mythology, Aquilo is the Roman god of the north wind, storms, and winter.
* Aquilo's design with ice and liquid ammonia oceans is based on real-world [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20planet ice planets].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Fulgora]] {{SA}}
* [[Gleba]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Vulcanus]] {{SA}}
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Aquilo

2025-01-23T00:49:52Z

Iridium235: /* Freezing */ Added info on burner entities. Moved notes to a separate section to make it more readable.

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:aquilo_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Aquilo''' is a desolate, freezing ocean [[planet]]. Its surface consists solely of a vast ocean of liquid ammonia, with the occasional floating iceberg.

Progression wise, Aquilo is meant to be visited after establishing factories on all the previous planets. [[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] requires [[rocket turret]]s, [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]], and [[heating tower]]s from Gleba, [[Asteroid reprocessing (research)]] from [[Vulcanus]], and [[Electromagnetic science pack (research)]] from [[Fulgora]].

[[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-aquilo}}

== Exclusive items ==
The following items are unlocked on Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion generator|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun turret|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Portable fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Aquilo Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || None
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 20 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 10
|-
| Solar Power || 01%
|-
| Pressure || 300
|-
| Gravity || 15
|-
| Robot energy usage || 500%
|}

=== Natural resources ===
In terms of directly exploitable natural resources, Aquilo has:
* [[Ammoniacal solution]]{{SA}} (via [[offshore pump]] on the edge of the ammoniacal seas)
* [[Lithium brine]]{{SA}} (via [[pumpjack]])
* [[Fluorine]]{{SA}} (via pumpjack)
* [[Crude oil]] (via pumpjack)

With crude oil being the only non-exclusive resource to Aquilo, excluding ice obtained from [[lithium ice formation]].

Stone, iron and copper (and coal if desired) need to be imported from other planets as Aquilo lacks ways to obtain these from the environment.

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] can be obtained via [[Ammoniacal solution separation]] and [[Ice melting]]
* [[Stone]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Iron ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Copper ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Coal]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Crude oil]] can be obtained using pumpjacks as normal

== Mechanics ==

The starting area on Aquilo is a relatively small patch of snow and ice terrain. Beyond this small platform are the vast ammoniacal seas, which have small dots of icey terrain in them, usually around [[crude_oil|crude oil]], [[fluorine]]{{SA}}, or [[lithium_brine|lithium brine]]{{SA}} resource geysers. Aquilo is notable for having nothing to drill with any kind of miner. All natural resources, spare the [[lithium ice formation]]s, are gathered either by an [[offshore pump]] or [[pumpjack]]. Bases on Aquilo will be reliant on regularly shipping in resources from other planets.

=== Ice terrain ===

On Aquilo, most terrain must be constructed, but [[landfill]] and [[foundation]]{{SA}} are no help. Instead, you must use [[ice platform|ice platforms]]{{SA}}. These platforms are created by first using [[ammoniacal solution separation]]{{SA}} to make [[ice]]{{SA}} and [[ammonia]]{{SA}}, then re-combining those into a platform that can be placed on the ocean like [[landfill]].

Snowy terrain can be built on directly, but on any kind of ice terrain or [[ice platform]], most buildings will require an insulating floor of [[concrete]] tiles or derivatives before they can be placed. [[Stone_brick|Stone Bricks]] can not be used to pave ice. Despite the flavor text stating that ice platforms "Will melt if exposed to heat", they do not actually melt.

=== Freezing ===
Aquilo is brutally cold. The harsh ambient temperatures drain the energy from any airborne [[construction robot|construction robots]] and [[logistic robot|logistic robots]], making them consume 5 times more power than normal. Most buildings will freeze and stop working unless heated by a [[heat pipe]] or heat generator. Heat can be generated by the [[nuclear reactor]] or [[heating tower]]{{SA}}.

Once a building is adjacent to a heat source above 29°C (30.01°C or higher), it will consume heat energy to maintain its state, reducing the energy (and temperature) in the heat source. Different entities consume different amounts of heat to prevent freezing.

===Notes===
* Underground belts and pipes are substantially larger heat drains than their above-ground versions
* Heat pipes do not lose heat to the environment; they only lose heat to entities that need to be kept warm.
* [[burner devices|Burner]] entities and heat-producing machines are immune to freezing.

For details on heat throughput, see the [[heat pipe]] page.

A building is adjacent to a heat source when it is one tile away from the heat source either orthogonally or diagonally. All of the [[pipe|pipes]] would be heated in the below example: 


{| class="wikitable"
|
[[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heat_pipe.png|24px|link=heat_pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heating_tower.png|72px|link=Heating_tower]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
|
[[File:Heat_demo.gif]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Entity Heat Consumption
|-
! Building !! Kilowatts
|-
| {{Icon|Transport belt}} {{Icon|Fast transport belt}} {{Icon|Express transport belt}} {{Icon|Turbo transport belt}}|| 10
|-
| {{Icon|Underground belt}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Fast underground belt}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Express underground belt}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo underground belt}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Splitter}} {{Icon|Fast splitter}} {{Icon|Express splitter}} || 40
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo splitter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe}} || 1
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe to ground}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Pump}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Storage tank}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Power switch}} || 20
|-
| {{Icon|Steam engine}} {{Icon|Steam turbine}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Pumpjack}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Inserter}} {{Icon|Fast inserter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Long-handed inserter}} {{Icon|Bulk inserter}} {{Icon|Stack inserter}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Arithmetic combinator}} {{Icon|Decider combinator}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Selector combinator}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Assembling machine 1}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 2}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 3}} {{Icon|Electric furnace}} {{Icon|Chemical plant}} {{Icon|Lab}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Cryogenic plant}} {{Icon|Recycler}} {{Icon|Biochamber}} {{Icon|Electromagnetic plant}} {{Icon|Centrifuge}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Foundry}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Roboport}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Rocket silo}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon}} ||400
|}

The following Entities are immune from freezing. Many may be placed directly on ice tiles (with the exceptions you might expect, mostly).
{| class="wikitable"
! Tile !! Entities !! Category
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Cargo landing pad}} {{Icon|Cargo bay}} || Space Cargo
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Offshore pump}} || Offshore Pumps
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Wooden chest}} {{Icon|Iron chest}} {{Icon|Steel chest}} {{Icon|Active provider chest}} {{Icon|Passive provider chest}} {{Icon|Storage chest}} {{Icon|Buffer chest}} {{Icon|Requester chest}} || Chests
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Small electric pole}} {{Icon|Medium electric pole}} {{Icon|Big electric pole}} {{Icon|Substation}} || Electric Poles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Solar panel}} {{Icon|Accumulator}} {{Icon|Lamp}} {{Icon|Constant combinator}} || Basic Electric Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Programmable speaker}} {{Icon|Display panel}} || Player Notification Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Burner inserter}} {{Icon|Boiler}} {{Icon|Stone furnace}} {{Icon|Steel furnace}} || Burner Entities
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Nuclear reactor}} {{Icon|Heat exchanger}} {{Icon|Heating tower}} {{Icon|Heat pipe}} || Heat Generators and Heat Pipes
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Fusion reactor}} {{Icon|Fusion generator}} || Fusion Power
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Lightning rod}} {{Icon|Lightning collector}} || Lightning Collectors
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Tesla turret}} || Tesla Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Flamethrower turret}} || Flamethrower Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Wall}} {{Icon|Gate}} || Walls and Gates
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Construction robot}} {{Icon|Logistic robot}} {{Icon|Defender capsule}} {{Icon|Distractor capsule}} {{Icon|Destroyer capsule}} || Bots
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Car}} {{Icon|Tank}} {{Icon|Spidertron}} || Vehicles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Locomotive}} {{Icon|Cargo wagon}} {{Icon|Fluid wagon}} {{Icon|Artillery wagon}} || Trains
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Straight rail}} {{Icon|Rail ramp}} {{Icon|Rail support}} {{Icon|Train stop}} {{Icon|Rail signal}} {{Icon|Rail chain signal}} || Rail Pieces
|}

=== Solar energy ===
Aquilo is far from the sun, and so [[solar panel]]s on its surface only output at 1% of their rate on Nauvis: 0.6 kW peak production. This makes panels practical for little more than powering a handful of [[inserter]]s to jump start heat production.

==Space routes==
[[Aquilo]] is connected to 2 other planets, [[Gleba]]{{SA}} and [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}, along with the [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Gleba]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}|| 100,000
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Gleba]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Fulgora_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Fulgora]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Aquilo_Solar_System_Edge.png]] Space route from [[Aquilo]] to [[Solar system edge]]
|}

Graph legend:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Asteroid type</th>
<th>Chunk</th>
<th>Medium</th>
<th>Big</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Metallic</td>
<td>● Blue</td>
<td>● Red</td>
<td>● Cyan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Carbonic</td>
<td>● Orange</td>
<td>● Yellow</td>
<td>● Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Oxide</td>
<td>● Green</td>
<td>● Magenta</td>
<td>● Purple</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 60%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 2
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 20
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk|| .10
|-
| Medium|| 0
|-
| Big || 0.25
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
aquilo_landscape.png|Example landscape of Aquilo.
aquilo_landscape_main_menu.png|Aquilo seen on the expansion's title screen.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* In mythology, Aquilo is the Roman god of the north wind, storms, and winter.
* Aquilo's design with ice and liquid ammonia oceans is based on real-world [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20planet ice planets].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Fulgora]] {{SA}}
* [[Gleba]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Vulcanus]] {{SA}}
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Steam

2025-01-23T00:39:23Z

Iridium235: /* Trivia */ Added aquilo Trivia

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Steam}}
'''Steam''' is a [[fluid system|gas]] created by heating water in a [[boiler]] or [[heat exchanger]], or through [[acid neutralisation]]{{SA}}. After being distributed via [[pipe]]s, steam can be used to generate electricity via [[steam engine]]s and [[steam turbine]]s. Steam is also used in [[coal liquefaction]] in [[oil refinery|oil refineries]]. Since steam is a fluid, it can be stored in a [[storage tank]].

== Power generation ==
The amount of energy contained in steam is linearly proportional to its temperature (minus 15°C ambient temperature). The energy storage of steam is exactly ''200 joule / unit / degree Celsius'', so every degree increase in temperature of a single unit of fluid requires exactly 200 joules.

In all cases, steam produced in [[boiler]]s is 165°C and steam from [[heat exchanger]]s or [[acid neutralisation]]{{SA}} is 500°C. Higher temperature steam equates to a higher energy density of the same number of units of steam. Steam suffers no thermal losses sitting or flowing through [[pipe]]s or [[storage tank]]s; the energy put into water to create steam is the same amount of energy you get back out from it since both steam engines and turbines are 100% efficient.

For example, a storage tank that holds 25000 units of Steam at 165°C contains:
<pre style="width: 68%;padding-right: 0em;">(200 J / unit / °C) * 25000 units * (165°C − 15°C) = 750 000 000 joules = 750 MJ</pre>

A storage tank holding 25000 units of Steam at 500°C thus contains 2.425 ''giga''joules of energy, a surprisingly large amount equal to 485 fully charged [[accumulator]]s!
<pre style="width: 68%;padding-right: 0em;">(200 J / unit / °C) * 25000 units * (500°C − 15°C) = 2 425 000 000 joules = 2.425 GJ</pre>

If the temperature of the steam is lower than the [[steam engine]] or [[steam turbine]] can handle, then the power output will be lower than optimal, but no energy will be wasted. However, if the temperature of the steam exceeds the maximum temperature of the steam engine or turbine, then the power output is capped at maximum, and the extra energy in the steam is wasted. Other than this difference, either steam engines or turbines can be used to generate power off of steam from any source.

== Trivia ==
* The fill meter on steam storage tanks fills from the top instead of from the bottom.
* Steam is the only pre-[[Space Age]] fluid that cannot be stored in [[barrel]]s.
* Assuming perfect efficiency of boilers and heat exchangers, the thermal energy content of steam implies that one unit represents 47.9g of water, meaning a full tank contains 1195 kg of steam.
* Because burner devices are not permitted on [[Space platform]]s{{SA}}, and acid neutralization is [[Vulcanus]]-exclusive, the only way to get steam on platforms (either for power or liquefaction) is with [[heat exchanger]]s power by [[nuclear reactor]]s
* 500c steam in a pipe will still freeze on [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}, despite being more than hot enough to thaw snow.

== History ==

{{history|2.0.0|
* Changed the water:steam ratio from 1:1 to 1:10 in all boilers/heat exchangers.}}

{{history|0.15.10|
* Introduced as separate fluid. Previously it counted as Water, with a >100 temperature.}}

== See also ==
* [[Fluid system]]
* [[Electric system]]
* [[Oil processing]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Fluids}}

Glossary

2025-01-23T00:37:14Z

Iridium235: /* E */ Added eSPM

{{Languages}}
__NOTOC__

This page acts as a general glossary of all terms used in Factorio and its community. We recommend searching the page with {{keybinding|CTRL|F}} to find specific terms. The page is also organized alphabetically.

Additionally, you can click a letter below to be taken to that letter in the list, if you wish to search manually.

[[##|#]] [[#A|A]] [[#B|B]] [[#C|C]] [[#D|D]] [[#E|E]] [[#F|F]] [[#G|G]] [[#H|H]] [[#I|I]] [[#J|J]] [[#K|K]] [[#L|L]] [[#M|M]] [[#N|N]] [[#O|O]] [[#P|P]] [[#Q|Q]] [[#R|R]] [[#S|S]] [[#T|T]] [[#U|U]] [[#V|V]] [[#W|W]] [[#X|X]] [[#Y|Y]] [[#Z|Z]]

== # ==

;1-1, 1-2-1, 2-4, 4-8-4 and similar : A somewhat ambiguous shorthand notation for train configurations. The first number is usually the number of [[locomotive]]s at the head of the train, followed by the number of [[cargo wagon]]s or [[fluid wagon]]s, and optionally followed by the number of tail locomotives if it's a double-headed train. In general, the smaller numbers are the number of locomotives.

== A ==

; AP : Armor piercing, refers to [[piercing rounds magazine]].
;Ammo : [[Firearm magazine|Ammunition]], used for guns/rocket launchers/turrets, etc.
;Angel's mods : A term referring to the mods made by user ''Arch666Angel'', a popular modder who makes extremely popular difficulty/complexity mods that complement Bob's mods.
;Angelbobs : A community term that means a game with both Angel's mods and Bob's mods installed.
;Assembler : Another word for an [[assembling machine]].

== B ==

;BP : Short for [[blueprint]].
;Backed-up : Refers to a machine having no output, and so the input channel fills up. Can also refer to belts being backlogged due to low consumption. This is not necessarily a bad thing.
;Backpressure : What a machine, usually a belt segment or [[inserter]], experiences when delivery stalls because its target is backed up.
;Belt balancer : This is a belt setup that balances multiple belts to contain the same amount of resources, to maximize throughput. See [[balancers]].
;Belt compression : This term refers to ensuring that all items on a belt are right after each other, to ensure no space is wasted and highest throughput.
;Blackout : When your factory completely loses power. This typically happens at night when relying on solar+accumulator power, enemies destroying vital electric poles, or after a prolonged brownout when using electric mining drills and/or electric inserters (instead of their burner variants).
;Bob's mods : A term referring to the mods made by user ''bobingabout'', a popular modder who makes extremely popular difficulty/complexity mods that complement Angel's mods.
;Bots : Shorthand version for [[construction robot]] or [[logistic robot]]. Sometimes also refers to the [[Combat_robot_capsules|combat robots]] created from capsules.
;Bottleneck : A term that means a single point where resources are constrained, such as a slow part of a belt that slows down everything.
;Braiding : The space-saving technique of alternating between two or more different underground belt types (basic, fast and express) in a straight line, one tile wide. The different types of underground belts don't interfere with each other, and inserters can interact with the belt entrance and exit entities.
;Brownout : When your factory's machines are running slower than normal because it's not generating enough electricity.
;Buffer: A place where a stockpile of items is stored to be available when the production stops. Typically a chest.
;Bus : Short for [[#M|main bus]].

== C ==

;Capacity : Maximum amount of items/[[fluid system|fluids]] that can exist within something.
;Catchup : Period where a [[player]] joining a game is required to replay recent changes quickly, so they can be merged into the running game smoothly. Often happens on slow connections, or on servers with a lot going on.
;Chokepoint : Artificial or natural geography that funnels attackers into a narrow, movement-constricting area, making it more difficult for them to breach fortifications. Examples: peninsulas with narrow connections to the mainland, artificial land bridges to islands, nearby lakes, corridors through thick forests. Certain [[cliff]] formations can also present this issue.
;Coin : An item used in the Tight Spot campaign.
;Compression : Like Capacity but applies to belts only.
;Composter : A [[Wood chest|chest]] used to store [[Spoilage_mechanics|spoilable]] items with the intention of spoiling them.
;Contaminated : A [[Transport belt|belt]] with incorrect items on it (such as [[coal]] on an iron belt). Can also refer to [[pipe]]s with mixed liquids.
;Cracktorio : A community term referring to the addictive qualities of Factorio, jokingly comparing the game to crack cocaine.

== D ==

;Daisy chaining : Some entities allow [[inserter]]s to insert and remove items from the same slots, including fuel in [[boiler]]s, ammo in [[gun turret]]s, [[science pack]]s in [[lab]]s, [[module]]s in [[beacon]]s, robots in [[roboport]]s, and any items in [[Wood chest|chests]]. 'Daisy chaining' is a technique that makes use of this mechanic in order to supply some machines with consumables (i.e. fuel, ammo or science packs) without having to use belts. You simply chain multiple machines together with inserters that take the items out of the previous machine and insert them directly into the next. It's sometimes referred to as 'stealing', as in 'coal stealing' or 'ammo stealing'.
;Death world : A map generation configuration that results in a large quantity of [[enemies]], to increase the game's difficulty.
;Double header : This is a term that refers to a train with [[locomotive]]s on both ends, making the train capable of driving in both directions. Opposite of a single header, or standard train. A shorthand example could be: 1-2-1 (locomotive-carriage-carriage-locomotive) or 2-4-2.
;Dragon's teeth : A series of alternating stone wall pillars outside the main wall fortification with the purpose of delaying the biters from reaching the wall. [[Wikipedia:Dragon's_teeth_(fortification)|Dragon's teeth]] were first deployed in the Second World War to delay and channel armoured units into minefields and other defenses. Also used in the 1997 game [[Wikipedia:Total Annihilation|Total Annihilation]].

== E ==

;eSPM : Effective [[science pack|science]] per minute. This is the same as SPM but calculated after all the upgrades (e.g [[productivity module]]s, [[biolab]]s{{SA}}, [[Research productivity (research)|research productivity]]{{SA}}) whereas SPM is the actual speed that you produce the packs.
;Entity : Most things that can be manipulated in-game. Nearly everything in factorio is an entity. Any device, items, trees... Even the player is just an entity.
;Evolution : The development and growth of the native population. Over the course of a game, biters and spitters become bigger and more powerful. See [[Enemies#Evolution|evolution]].

== F ==

;FFF : The weekly blog that the developers make to talk about the development of Factorio. Expanded, it is Factorio Friday Facts, posted every Friday.
;FPS : Visual rendering speed, "frames per second". When this is reduced beneath 60, the game may stutter visually, jitter, or otherwise appear unstable. Low FPS will not necessarily result in low UPS, but they are loosely tied together.
;Factorissimo : A popular mod that allows for factories to be built within buildings added by the mod.
;[[Fuel]] : Refers to any burnable item that can be used to fuel burner devices, such as [[wood]], [[coal]], etc.

== G ==

; GJ : Giga joule, a measurement of energy.
; GW : Giga watt, a measurement of power.
;Ghost : A translucent preview image that designates a position for the construction of an entity. [[Ghost]]s are created when you shift+click with an entity under your cursor, when you use the [[Rail_planner#Ghost_Planner|ghost rail planner]], when an entity is destroyed after you've researched construction robotics, and when you place a blueprint. Construction robots automatically attempt to construct ghosts within their logistic or personal roboport network, and if unable will create an alert for missing construction materials.
;Gigabase : An even larger megabase, typically has SPM counts > 10k.

== I ==

;Inventory : The ability for an entity to hold items within it. Almost all entities have inventories.
;Item : Items represent the un-built version of a machine, tools, intermediate products etc. Typically, items are found on belts, in the player's inventory, and inside machines. Items can be provided to recipes to create other items.
;Item explosion : A phenomenon when a lot of items are spilled on the ground in a square-like fashion. Usually due to accidentally removing [[power armor]] when having a full inventory.
;Item request slot : A special request slot for machines with module slots that allows them to request the [[modules]] in the blueprint from which they were constructed. The [[deconstruction planner]] has a filter for canceling these requests.

== K ==

; kJ : Kilojoule, a measurement of energy.
; kW : Kilowatt, a measurement of power.
;Kovarex : The founding father of Factorio and where [[kovarex enrichment process]] gets its name from.

== L ==
;Lane : One side of a transport belt. Each belt has two lanes.
;Lane balancer : This is a belt setup that balances the two lanes on a belt to be equal, to maximize throughput. See [[balancer mechanics]].
;Legs : [[Exoskeleton]]
;Loader : An abandoned concept for a belt-based mechanism that continuously loads and unloads machines, as an alternative to inserters. Functional loader entities can still be found in the editor, and some mods give them a proper texture and make them available in regular games. Loaders are used in the official Team Production scenario.

== M ==

; MW : Mega watt, a measurement of power.
; MJ : Mega joule, a measurement of energy.
;Main bus : The opposite of spaghetti, this refers to placing multiple belts side by side containing one resource, and branching off of it in order to create setups. Allows for organized layout of resource transportation.
;Mall: Also known as store. A location in a factory that produces many types of different items that the player needs but in relatively small amounts.
;Marathon: A game mode where technologies and recipes are significantly more expensive.
;Map exchange string : A long piece of text that encodes the settings used to generate a map. See [[Map generator#Map exchange string|map exchange string]].
;Market : A building where you can buy items using coins. It's available in the editor and used in the Tight Spot campaign.
;Mats : Shorthand for materials.
;Megabase : A community term referring to a significantly large base that has been built over a significant time/effort. Often, these bases are quantified in terms of science packs per minute, or "SPM". A base typically is considered a megabase when it can maintain 1k SPM.
;Mod : This term refers to a script or collection of scripts that change how the game acts, adds new items/entities, etc.
;Modpack : A community term referring to a collection of mods that work well together.

== N ==

;Nauvis : The planet that Factorio takes place on. Used to be an internal name, but became canonical with version 2.0.
;Night steam : The strategy of relying on solar panels to generate electricity during the day and steam engines during the night.
;No path : A common error that means that a train cannot find a valid route to a train stop. See [[Railway#No_path|no path]].

== O ==

; Outpost : A small base created far away from a main base, usually to serve a single purpose like mining or production of a specific resource.

== P ==

;Priority splitter : A splitter design that directs as many resources as possible from a bus to an offshoot before letting excess items flow past. This is in contrast to a splitter that always distributes some percentage of items to both sides (depending on the particular arrangement of splitters).
;PAX (train) : Short for passenger train or player access station, another name for the [[Glossary#S|shuttle]].

== Q ==
;QoL : Quality of life, often refers to mods that increase ease of play.

== R ==

;RORO : Abbreviation for "Roll on, roll off" in the context of train station design. It means that trains arrive at the station at one end and leave the station at the other end (driving past the train stop), as opposed to terminus stations.
;RPM : Shorthand for rockets per minute.
;Rainbow belt : A transport belt with many different types of items on it, rather than the easier-to-manage one or two types of items. See [[#S|sushi belt]].
;Ribbon world : A world which has been set up to have limited space in one dimension (width or height), adding a new challenge. The smallest ribbon world in which you can launch a rocket is a map limited to a width or height of 9 tiles, the size of the rocket silo.
;River (belt) : A design strategy where items are continuously moving without looping or [[#B|backing up]] to be either processed or destroyed. Sometimes used as a strategy to handle [[Spoilage_mechanics|spoilable]] items.
;Roundabout : This term refers to a type of path for trains, to allow the trains to enter the circle, and exit onto the exit rail that they path to. Generally recommended against, due to throughput and self collision issues.

== S ==

;SA : [[Space Age]], the offical Factorio expansion.
;SE : [https://mods.factorio.com/mod/space-exploration?from=search Space exploration], a popular overhaul mod made by the modder [https://mods.factorio.com/user/Earendel Earendel]. Unique for being one of the first mods to introduce different surfaces.
;Scenario : A map that has been saved via the [[map editor]]. Special scripting can be added to make simple "events".
;Seed : A number associated with each map that determines the outcome of certain pseudo-random processes, like terrain generation. All other settings being equal, different seeds result in vastly different terrain features. The seed is included in [[#M|map exchange strings]].
;Shuttle : A train for personal transportation around the factory. Sometimes called a taxi.
;Sideloading : This is a commonly used term that refers to running the end of a [[transport belt]] into the side of another, so that only the lane on the side of the belt that the other belt is on is filled. This is typically done to create a belt that carries two different resources side-by-side on the same belt.
;Smart furnace : A smelting setup that can process multiple materials (e.g. iron ore, copper ore, iron plates, stone).
;Spaghetti : [[File:spaghetti_example.png|thumb|200px|right|An example of a "spaghetti" setup with intertwining belts.]]A community term referring to the "spaghetti" look of many belts/entities placed in a disorganized fashion. Typically created by new players to Factorio. Generally, it will be moved away from as soon as the player realizes the logistical problems it causes. Note that not all "spaghetti" factories are necessarily inefficient.
;Speedrun : A term referring to attempting to quickly finish the game as soon as possible. At the time of this writing, the singleplayer record is just under two hours.
;SPM : Shorthand for science packs per minute. Measured per type, so 1k SPM will mean production of 1000 of each science pack type per minute, though military science is often excluded. Usually used to measure the size of very big bases, see [[#M|megabase]] and [[#G|gigabase]].
;Stacker : Also known as '''parking lot'''. A waiting bay for trains, allowing them to wait on different parallel tracks and not block each other until their destination becomes free. Recommended in front of large, multi-platform stations.
;Supply train: A train that usually for personal use that is used to carry mostly building materials like rails, conveyor belts, inserters, assembly machines etc..
;Sushi belt : The strategy of mixing many different types of items on transport belts to supply machines that need some or all of those items. It sacrifices throughput for compactness (and beauty). It looks colorful and diverse like a tray of sushi. Its perhaps most popular application is supplying labs with science packs. Sometimes called sushi bar or rainbow belt.
;Sushi river : A [[#R|river belt]] on which many different items are mixed, like a [[#S|sushi belt]].

== T ==

;TINS : Abbreviation of "There Is No Spoon", the name of the in-game achievement.
;Terminus : A train station design where trains come in and leave from the same side, thus requiring double-headed trains, unlike RORO stations.
;Throughput : A term that refers to the maximum amount of resources that can travel through something (such as a belt) in a certain amount of time. Usually quantified in items per second.
;Tick : The smallest measurable amount of time in Factorio. There are 60 ticks per second (when running at 60 UPS), and 3600 ticks in a minute.
;Tile : A piece of map. It is not really known how big it is, but for simplifying things we can assume that a tile is a quadratic with side of 1 meter.
;Time : Game time is normally identical with real time, one second in the game is one second in reality, but it can be faster or slower. For example, when the calculations for an update takes longer than a tick, the game slows down (aka UPS). Alternatively, a mod can provide ways to let the game run faster.
;Train bus : A popular alternative to the [[#M|main bus]] pattern. Instead of using a belt bus to provide materials for various production cells, a large rail system allows many trains to route materials between more distant cells, sometimes called subfactories. It's a UPS-friendlier strategy for large factories such as megabases.
;Trash can : A simple 'public utility' of sorts, which is an active provider that players can dump unwanted items into. Logistic robots pick them up and store them away. It's useful if you need to get rid of large quantities of items (such as [[wood]] or [[landfill]]) and your logistic trash slots are full.
;Turret : Stationary defense weapon. There are four types of turrets in Factorio, the [[laser turret]], [[gun turret]], [[flamethrower turret]] and [[artillery turret]]. With [[Space Age]]{{SA}} comes the [[railgun turret]] and [[tesla turret]].
;Turret creep : The tactic of leap-frogging with turrets into hostile territory. It's very effective due to the strength and range of turrets. Typically done with laser turrets, blueprints and personal roboports, but can also be done by manually placing gun turrets and inserting ammo.

== U ==

;Upcycler: An assembly line designed to increase the [[quality]] of an intermediate or end product.
;UPS : Internal clock speed, "Updates Per Second". The game tries its best to maintain the ideal 60 UPS, but it is affected by the size and complexity of the game world and your computer hardware. A lower UPS means that the simulation runs slower. At 30 UPS everything would take twice as long as under ideal conditions. This is a common concern on megabases or when playing with many mods active. It can be set to more than 60 UPS by changing the game speed via script, processing power permitting. The Transport Belt Madness and Tight Spot campaigns are examples where the game speed can be increased.

== V ==
;Vanilla : Regular version of the game with no mods.

== W ==

;Wube : The company based in the Czech Republic that develops Factorio.

== Z ==

;Zoo : A group of biter or spitter nests around which the player has built a safe containment zone, i.e. a circle of turrets. Reasons for doing this include exploiting the nests' pollution absorption and automating the destruction of items (using requester chests near the nests).

{{C|Main}}

Research

2025-01-23T00:31:43Z

Iridium235: /* History */ Added 2.0 info

{{Languages}}
[[File:Technology_Screen.png|400px|thumb|The technology screen]]
'''Research''' is used to unlock [[technologies]], offering new recipes and bonuses. Research is performed by [[lab|labs]] consuming different types of [[science pack|science packs]].

== Mechanics ==

In singleplayer games, only one technology can be researched at a time, the same is true for every [[Multiplayer#PvP|force]] (team of players) in a multiplayer game. In multiplayer games with multiple forces, each force has its own technology tree and research status, so different forces can research independently in [[Multiplayer#PvP|PvP]] games.

The technology to be researched is selected from the technology screen, opened by pressing {{Keybinding|T}} ({{Keybinding|ZL|-}} on [[Nintendo Switch version|Nintendo Switch]]). The currently active research can be changed at any time from the technology screen; if another research is in progress, that progress will be saved. Multiple technologies can be partially researched like this at any one time.

Research progress for a technology is divided into ''units''. Each unit has a time and a science pack cost. When research is in progress, labs with the required amount of science packs for one unit will consume the amount and contribute towards research progress.

[[File:res.png|frame|The progress bar shown in the top right corner of the screen when research is in progress]]

The time ''T'' it will take to research a particular technology is given by:

*<code>T = (T[0] × P) ÷ (L × S)</code> seconds,

where:
*'''''T[0]''''' is the time cost per unit (as shown in Research screen)
*'''''P''''' is the price of the research, in units (as shown in Research screen)
*'''''L''''' is the number of labs used
*'''''S''''' is lab speed, which is given by:
**<code>(1 + B[r]) × (1 + M[r])</code>, where
**'''''B[r]''''' is the total research speed modifier from [[Lab research speed (research)|lab research speed]] research, expressed as a decimal (% value divided by 100); and
**'''''M[r]''''' is the sum of all module effects (Speed modules with <code>+</code> sign, Productivity modules with <code>-</code> sign), expressed as a decimal

''Note that ''P'' represents the research price '''in units''', not in individual science packs summed across all their types. For example, a research that costs 100 [[automation science pack]]s and 100 [[logistic science pack]]s, grouped into 100 units of 1 each of automation and logistic science packs, would have a ''P'' of 100, ''not'' 200.''

Unlike most bonus effects, the lab research speed bonus gained from research is ''multiplicative'' with module speed effects, not additive. However, different module effects (Speed vs. Productivity, beacon vs. in-lab) are additive with each other.

=== Automation ===
[[File:5_5_Labs_R_G_packs.png|400px|thumb|right|A simple lab setup using [[automation science pack]]s and [[logistic science pack]]s, [[belt transport system|belts]], and [[inserters]]]]

Crafting science packs by hand is not feasible, mainly because of the amount of resources and time needed to craft them. Some science packs also require ingredients that cannot be handcrafted, such as [[oil processing|oil products]]. Science pack production automation is the primary incentive for factory development throughout the game.

The insertion of science packs into labs may be automated using [[inserters]] and [[transport belt]]s, as shown to the right, or using [[robots]] and the [[logistic network]].

Note that inserters can take science packs from labs and hand them to other labs, making a lab chain a feasible solution. Other options include using 3 belts (before space science packs are needed), or a [[Glossary#S|sushi belt]].

=== Research queue ===
[[File:Research_Screen_Queue.png|400px|thumb|right|The technology screen with some technologies queued.]]
The research queue allows players to automatically research more technologies after research finishes. The research queue is by default unlocked when the first rocket is launched. Alternatively it can be unlocked in the map generation settings in the 'advanced' category, or via `/enable-research-queue` console command.

Once the research queue is enabled, a technology can be added to the queue by pressing the "Start Research" button when it is selected. Double-clicking (Double-pressing {{Keybinding|Y}} or {{Keybinding|A}} on [[Nintendo Switch version|Nintendo Switch]]) or using {{Keybinding|shift|lmb}} ({{Keybinding|ZR|A}} on [[Nintendo Switch version|Nintendo Switch]]) on any research in the tree or the list on the left will also add it to the queue. This is particularly useful to queue prerequisites without focusing them in the technology tree.

Technologies in the queue are displayed in the upper left corner of the interface. If a technology is added to the queue, the technologies that depend on it may become available to be added to the queue as well and those technologies are displayed in orange. For example adding the [[Logistics_(research)|logistics]] and [[Logistic_science_pack_(research)|logistic science pack]] technologies to the queue allows the technology [[Logistics_2_(research)|logistics 2]] to be queued. The player can reorder the queue at any time.

To remove a technology from the queue, the technology's image must be hovered in the queue display in the upper left corner and the red button that appears must be pressed.

== Achievements ==

{{Achievement|Tech-maniac}}
* Completing infinite technologies of any level is not required for '''Tech maniac'''. All non-infinite levels of technologies that have infinite continuations are still required.

== History ==
{{History|2.0.7|
* Now displays the player's eSPM (effective science per minute) in a graph. }}

{{History|1.1.92|
* Added a notification when a technology is researched.
* Added /enable-research-queue console command to enable the research queue without disabling achievements.}}

{{History|0.17.0|
* Research UI overhauled.
* Research Queue added.}}

{{History|0.15.0|
* Research system overhauled
** There are now 7 science pack types instead of 4, research prices have been changed to compensate.
** Top-tier science pack is no longer obtained by destroying alien nests, but by launching rockets with satellites.
**"Infinite research" mechanic introduced.}}

{{History|0.2.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Technologies]]
* [[Science pack]]

{{TechNav}}

User:Iridium235

2025-01-23T00:29:36Z

Iridium235: /* Draft */ Polishing page. Feel free to edit this!

'''Hello!'''

I am Iridium235, one of the editors for the this wiki.
I mostly do [[Special:Contributions/Iridium235|changes]] related to '''text''', such as adding/extending descriptions.
I have a total of 750 hours in the game, and own the base game as well as the [[Space Age|expansion]].

First Joined 29/11/2024

Link to stubs >>> [[https://wiki.factorio.com/Category:Stubs]] <<<

Total number of edits: 469 (since last updated)

<big>'''''THE WIKI MUST GROW'''''</big>

=Draft=

Feel free to edit!

==Factoriopedia==

The '''Factoriopedia''' serves as a in-game wiki that contains all entities, researches and recipes, as well as any added items mods can add. It shows the [[quality]]{{SA}} effects, [[Recycler|recycling]]{{SA}} results and technology required for each recipe and building.

{{SA}} ''The quality icon. When this is near an number, that means that it is affected by quality.''
{{icon|quality icon}}

=== Display ===
Unique tooltip to the Factoriopedia that is not listed in normal tooltips.

* For [[technologies]], this shows the prerequisites and prerequisite for.
* For machines, it shows all the recipes that it can craft.
* For [[enemies]], it shows basic stats, such as health, damage, speed and [[resistances]], as well as a small preview of the bug moving around.
* For intermediate products, it shows the items it is used in.
* For tiles, it shows [[pollution]] / [[Pollution#Spores|spores]]{{SA}} absorbing amount.
* For [[Planets]], it shows a description, exclusive unlockable items, and the basic stats, such as:
:* Gravity
:* Pressure
:* Magnetic field
:* Day/night cycle
:* [[Solar panel|Solar power]]
:* Solar power in [[Space platform|Space]]
:* [[Enemies|Evolution]] factor
:* [[Construction robot|Robot]] energy usage multiplier

=== Controls ===
Note that the following controls is exclusively for PC.

* '''ALT + LMB''' when hovering over an entity to open the corresponding page on the Factoriopedia.
* '''ALT + Left arrow''' to go to the previous page.
* '''ALT + Right arrow''' to go to the next page (after going to the previous page).

== History ==

{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced
}}

Quality

2025-01-23T00:19:24Z

Iridium235: Added image of icon

{{Languages}}
{{Boilerplate
|icon=No-building-material-icon.png
|line-1=This article is a lacking sources for details of upcoming changes.
|line-2=You can help this wiki by [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} adding them].}}
{{About/Space age}}

'''Quality''' is a feature of the [[Space Age]] expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the producing structure. The two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond in the tooltip.
[[File:Quality icon.png|50px|thumb|right|Quality icon]]

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independent of most Space Age content.

== Achievements ==
Quality is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
{{Achievement|make-it-better}}
{{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}

== Quality tiers ==
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
* [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal (0)
* [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon (1)
* [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare (2)
* [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic (3)
* [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary ('''5''')

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

== Technologies ==
Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Research !! Base Game !! {{SA}} Space Age !! Unlocks
|-
| {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}} x 300
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}} x 500
| [[File:quality_uncommon.png|32px]] [[File:quality_rare.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_epic.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Metallurgic science pack}}{{icon|Electromagnetic science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}}{{icon|Cryogenic science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_legendary.png|32px]]
|-
|}

== Quality effects ==
The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:
* +30% health
* +30% crafting speed
* +30% robot limit (rounded down)
* +30% robot recharge rate (both number and speed, rounded down)
* +30% positive module effects (rounded down for at least quality modules)
* +10% turret range
* +10% weapon range
* +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
* +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
* +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
* +30% increased ammo damage
* +30% inserter rotation speed
* -16.67% (1/6) resource drain on miners.
** This is multiplicative with productivity
* +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
* +30% output rate on [[boiler]]s, [[steam engine]]s, [[steam turbine]]s, [[accumulator]]s (also affects input rate), and [[nuclear reactor]]s
** Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
* −16% power consumption on beacons
* +1 to both continuous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in [[radar]]s
* +100% durability on consumable items ([[repair pack]]s, [[science pack]]s)
* +5% fork chance on the [[tesla turret]] and tesla ammo for the tesla gun

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) [[Productivity module 3]] (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings only get increased health, with no special effect. Examples are:
*Buildings related to [[Circuit network]]s and [[Rail signal]]s
*[[Transport belt]]s
*[[Pipe]]s
*[[Wall]]s
*[[Locomotive|Trains]]
*[[Cargo wagon]]s

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quality Effects
|-
! Item !! Effect !! [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon !! [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare !! [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_1.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 1]] || Health || 300 || 390 || 480 || 570 || 750
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.5 || 0.65 || 0.8 || 0.95 || 1.25
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_2.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 2]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.75 || 0.975 || 1.2 || 1.425 || 1.875
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_3.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 3]] || Health || 400 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 1000
|-
| Crafting speed || 1.25 || 1.625 || 2 || 2.375 || 3.125
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:construction_robot.png|15px]] [[Construction robot]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Max flying reach || 571m || 1152m || 1728m || 2305m || 3457m
|-
| Energy capacity || 3MJ || 6MJ || 9MJ || 12MJ || 18MJ
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:inserter.png|15px]] [[Inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 15.1kW || 19.51kW || 23.92kW || 28.33kW || 37.15kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 302°/s || 393°/s || 484°/s || 575°/s || 756°/s
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:fast_inserter.png|15px]] [[Fast inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 59.3kW || 76.94kW || 94.58kW || 112kW || 148kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 864°/s || 1123°/s || 1382°/s || 1642°/s || 2160°/s
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:iron_chest.png|15px]] [[Iron chest]] || Health || 200 || 260 || 320 || 380 || 500
|-
| Storage size || 32 || 41 || 51 || 60 || 80
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:laser_turret.png|15px]] [[Laser turret]] || Health || 1000 || 1300 || 1600 || 1900 || 2500
|-
| Range || 24 tiles || 26.4 tiles || 28.8 tiles || 31.2 tiles || 36 tiles
|-

| rowspan="1" | [[File:pipe.png|15px]] [[Pipe]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:roboport.png|15px]] [[Roboport]] || Health || 500 || 650 || 800 || 950 || 1250
|-
| Energy consumption || 2.1MW || 2.7MW || 3.3MW || 3.9MW || 5.1MW
|-
| Robot recharge rate || 4 x 500kW || 4 x 650kW || 4 x 800kW || 4 x 950kW || 4 x 1.25MW
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:small_electric_pole.png|15px]] [[Small electric pole]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Supply area || 5x5 || 7x7 || 9x9 || 11x11 || 15x15
|-
| Wire reach || 7.5 tiles || 9.5 tiles || 11.5 tiles || 13.5 tiles || 17.5 tiles
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:steel_chest.png|15px]] [[Steel chest]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Storage size || 48 || 62 || 76 || 91 || 120
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:wooden_chest.png|15px]] [[Wooden chest]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Storage size || 16 || 20 || 25 || 30 || 40

|}

== Creating high-quality items ==

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

=== Quality ingredients ===
Recipes that create items have variations for each quality that the item might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon [[iron plate]]s with rare [[battery|batteries]] to make an [[accumulator]] of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same [[lubricant]] can be used to create [[electric engine unit]]s of any quality.

=== Quality modules ===
{{Main|Quality module}}
[[File:quality_module_animated.png|64px|right]]'''Quality modules''' allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Module|Quality}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module}}
| +1% || +1.3% || +1.6% || +1.9% || +2.5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_2}}
| +2% || +2.6% || +3.2% || +3.8% || +5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_3}}
| +2.5% || +3.2% || +4% || +4.7% || +6.2%
|}

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to ''improve'' quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance, the following tables present expected outputs for each level of research.
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 9/1000 || Q * 1/1000
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 || Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]
| - || - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>

==== Examples ====
<div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px; vertical-align:top;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 2× {{Icon|quality_module_2|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 4%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 96% || 3.6% || 0.4%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 96% || 4%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 10%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.09% || 0.01%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.1%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 90% || 9% || 1%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 90% || 10%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} → Q = 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.2232% || 0.0248%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.248%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.48%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 75.2% || 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div>

==== Optimal module usage ====
It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the recycler only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts (rounded up) needed to produce 1 legendary output using ideal ratios of quality module 3s to productivity module 3s, with 4 matching quality module 3 in the recycler.

It is important to emphasize that these ratios maximize return per input material. If input capacity isn't a concern and the goal is speed rather than material efficiency, then switch out productivity modules for quality modules as needed. Beware, however, that in many cases material inefficiency nearly keeps pace with the legendary output rate.

<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 891
|-
| 3 || 0% || 0 || 3 || 533
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 342
|-
| 4 || 50% || 0 || 4 || 97
|-
| 5 || 50% || 1 || 4 || 67
|-
| 8 || 0% || 4 || 4 || 70
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 608
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 356
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 212
|-
| 4 || 50% || 1 || 3 || 62
|-
| 5 || 50% || 2 || 3 || 40
|-
| 8 || 0% || 5 || 3 || 34
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 309
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 153
|-
| 4 || 0% || 2 || 2 || 80
|-
| 4 || 50% || 3 || 1 || 25
|-
| 5 || 50% || 4 || 1 || 14
|-
| 8 || 0% || 8 || 0 || 7
|}</div>
For example, suppose legendary T3 modules are available and the goal is to produce legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]]. If each electromagnetic plant producing epic quality or below has 4 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] and 1 legendary [[File:quality_module_3.png|link=Quality module 3|20px]], and the electromagnetic plant with the legendary recipe has 5 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]], then on average an input of 280 normal [[File:Electronic_circuit.png|link=Electronic circuit|20px]] and 28 normal [[File:Advanced_circuit.png|link=Advanced circuit|20px]] is expected to produce 1 legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]].

===== Derivation =====
Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))|| (1 + P) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + P) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * Q * 9/10 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/100 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/1000 || (1 + P) * Q * 1/1000
|}

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + -0.75) * (1-Q) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (100 - 10-1)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| 0.25 * (1-Q) || 0.25 * Q * 9/10|| 0.25 * Q * 9/100 || 0.25 * Q * 9/1000 || 0.25 * Q * 1/1000
|}

For example, recycling an uncommon ingredient with a Q of 25%:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| style="background:#424242" | [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]] || - || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
|}

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see Stochastic Matrix on wikipedia) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid; text-align:center;"
! !! style="border-left:2px solid" | I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
! style="border-left:2px solid" | P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.003375 || 0.000375
|-
! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.00375
|-
! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.0375
|-
! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.375
|-
! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.5
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.0005625 || 0.0000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.00625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.0625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|}

To iterate this matrix (M) apply the matrix to itself. For example, M6 would indicate 6 iterations, corresponding to 3 crafting steps and 3 recycling steps. To see how much 1 ingredient set produces after a given iteration, x, multiply an input vector by Mx. The vector format follows that of the matrix labels, so with the table arranged as above, left multiply a row vector of ingredient(s) by the matrix. In order to see the expected product of 1 set of normal ingredients, the vector will have '1' in the first column and '0's everywhere else. Likewise, a set of uncommon ingredients will correspond to '1' in the second column of the vector.

It is important to note that since the recycling step has a material loss of 75% most recycling loops will be well behaved and converge quickly.

Extreme productivity from research breaks this pattern and will prevent convergence, but this simply means that there is a positive material cycle, so 1 set of ingredients will produce infinite legendary crafts, on average. The closer the total productivity is to 400%, the slower the convergence of the matrix iteration and the higher you need to calculate x in Mx.


== Usage tips ==
=== Using quality to increase production ===
There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:
* Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
* Increasing the quality of [[speed module]]s will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
* Increasing the quality of [[productivity module]]s will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
* Increasing the quality of [[beacon]]s will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where [[electronic circuit]]s are made using one [[electromagnetic plant]] with five [[productivity module 3]]s, which is surrounded by 12 [[beacon]]s with two [[speed module 3]]s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered [[express transport belt]]). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half [[turbo transport belt]]s with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

=== Using quality to save space ===
Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a [[space platform]], where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

== Relevant Factorio Friday Facts ==
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-375 FFF 375 - Quality]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-376 FFF 376 - Research and Technology]

== Trivia ==
* Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the [[player]] character.
** Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled [[biter egg]]s, [[captive biter spawner]]s, and [[pentapod egg]]s inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters chose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{C|Main}}

Quality icon

2025-01-23T00:17:40Z

Iridium235: Redirects to the quality page

#REDIRECT[[Quality]]

Aquilo

2025-01-23T00:12:37Z

Iridium235: Added link to planets

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:aquilo_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Aquilo''' is a desolate, freezing ocean [[planet]]. Its surface consists solely of a vast ocean of liquid ammonia, with the occasional floating iceberg.

Progression wise, Aquilo is meant to be visited after establishing factories on all the previous planets. [[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] requires [[rocket turret]]s, [[Advanced asteroid processing (research)]], and [[heating tower]]s from Gleba, [[Asteroid reprocessing (research)]] from [[Vulcanus]], and [[Electromagnetic science pack (research)]] from [[Fulgora]].

[[Planet discovery Aquilo (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-aquilo}}

== Exclusive items ==
The following items are unlocked on Aquilo:
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic plant|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion generator|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun turret|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Railgun|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}}
*{{imagelink|Portable fusion reactor|space-age=yes}}

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Aquilo Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || None
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 20 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 10
|-
| Solar Power || 01%
|-
| Pressure || 300
|-
| Gravity || 15
|-
| Robot energy usage || 500%
|}

=== Natural resources ===
In terms of directly exploitable natural resources, Aquilo has:
* [[Ammoniacal solution]]{{SA}} (via [[offshore pump]] on the edge of the ammoniacal seas)
* [[Lithium brine]]{{SA}} (via [[pumpjack]])
* [[Fluorine]]{{SA}} (via pumpjack)
* [[Crude oil]] (via pumpjack)

With crude oil being the only non-exclusive resource to Aquilo, excluding ice obtained from [[lithium ice formation]].

Stone, iron and copper (and coal if desired) need to be imported from other planets as Aquilo lacks ways to obtain these from the environment.

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] can be obtained via [[Ammoniacal solution separation]] and [[Ice melting]]
* [[Stone]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Iron ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Copper ore]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Coal]] is not available and must be shipped in from other planets
* [[Crude oil]] can be obtained using pumpjacks as normal

== Mechanics ==

The starting area on Aquilo is a relatively small patch of snow and ice terrain. Beyond this small platform are the vast ammoniacal seas, which have small dots of icey terrain in them, usually around [[crude_oil|crude oil]], [[fluorine]]{{SA}}, or [[lithium_brine|lithium brine]]{{SA}} resource geysers. Aquilo is notable for having nothing to drill with any kind of miner. All natural resources, spare the [[lithium ice formation]]s, are gathered either by an [[offshore pump]] or [[pumpjack]]. Bases on Aquilo will be reliant on regularly shipping in resources from other planets.

=== Ice terrain ===

On Aquilo, most terrain must be constructed, but [[landfill]] and [[foundation]]{{SA}} are no help. Instead, you must use [[ice platform|ice platforms]]{{SA}}. These platforms are created by first using [[ammoniacal solution separation]]{{SA}} to make [[ice]]{{SA}} and [[ammonia]]{{SA}}, then re-combining those into a platform that can be placed on the ocean like [[landfill]].

Snowy terrain can be built on directly, but on any kind of ice terrain or [[ice platform]], most buildings will require an insulating floor of [[concrete]] tiles or derivatives before they can be placed. [[Stone_brick|Stone Bricks]] can not be used to pave ice. Despite the flavor text stating that ice platforms "Will melt if exposed to heat", they do not actually melt.

=== Freezing ===
Aquilo is brutally cold. The harsh ambient temperatures drain the energy from any airborne [[construction robot|construction robots]] and [[logistic robot|logistic robots]], making them consume 5 times more power than normal. Most buildings will freeze and stop working unless heated by a [[heat pipe]] or heat generator. Heat can be generated by the [[nuclear reactor]] or [[heating tower]]{{SA}}.

Once a building is adjacent to a heat source above 29°C (30.01°C or higher), it will consume heat energy to maintain its state, reducing the energy (and temperature) in the heat source. Different entities consume different amounts of heat to prevent freezing. Note that underground belts and pipes are substantially larger heat drains than their above-ground versions. Also, heat pipes do not lose heat to the environment; they only lose heat to entities that need to be kept warm.

For details on heat throughput, see the [[heat pipe]] page.

A building is adjacent to a heat source when it is one tile away from the heat source either orthogonally or diagonally. All of the [[pipe|pipes]] would be heated in the below example: 


{| class="wikitable"
|
[[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Ice_platform.png|24px|link=Ice_platform]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heat_pipe.png|24px|link=heat_pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=Pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Heating_tower.png|72px|link=Heating_tower]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
[[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]][[File:Pipe.png|24px|link=pipe]] 
|
[[File:Heat_demo.gif]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Entity Heat Consumption
|-
! Building !! Kilowatts
|-
| {{Icon|Transport belt}} {{Icon|Fast transport belt}} {{Icon|Express transport belt}} {{Icon|Turbo transport belt}}|| 10
|-
| {{Icon|Underground belt}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Fast underground belt}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Express underground belt}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo underground belt}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Splitter}} {{Icon|Fast splitter}} {{Icon|Express splitter}} || 40
|-
| {{Icon|Turbo splitter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe}} || 1
|-
| {{Icon|Pipe to ground}} || 150
|-
| {{Icon|Pump}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Storage tank}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Power switch}} || 20
|-
| {{Icon|Steam engine}} {{Icon|Steam turbine}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Pumpjack}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Inserter}} {{Icon|Fast inserter}} || 30
|-
| {{Icon|Long-handed inserter}} {{Icon|Bulk inserter}} {{Icon|Stack inserter}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Arithmetic combinator}} {{Icon|Decider combinator}} || 50
|-
| {{Icon|Selector combinator}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Assembling machine 1}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 2}} {{Icon|Assembling machine 3}} {{Icon|Electric furnace}} {{Icon|Chemical plant}} {{Icon|Lab}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Cryogenic plant}} {{Icon|Recycler}} {{Icon|Biochamber}} {{Icon|Electromagnetic plant}} {{Icon|Centrifuge}} || 100
|-
| {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || 200
|-
| {{Icon|Foundry}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Roboport}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Rocket silo}} || 300
|-
| {{Icon|Beacon}} ||400
|}

The following Entities are immune from freezing. Many may be placed directly on ice tiles (with the exceptions you might expect, mostly).
{| class="wikitable"
! Tile !! Entities !! Category
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Cargo landing pad}} {{Icon|Cargo bay}} || Space Cargo
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Offshore pump}} || Offshore Pumps
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Wooden chest}} {{Icon|Iron chest}} {{Icon|Steel chest}} {{Icon|Active provider chest}} {{Icon|Passive provider chest}} {{Icon|Storage chest}} {{Icon|Buffer chest}} {{Icon|Requester chest}} || Chests
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Small electric pole}} {{Icon|Medium electric pole}} {{Icon|Big electric pole}} {{Icon|Substation}} || Electric Poles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Solar panel}} {{Icon|Accumulator}} {{Icon|Lamp}} {{Icon|Constant combinator}} || Basic Electric Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Programmable speaker}} {{Icon|Display panel}} || Player Notification Devices
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Burner inserter}} {{Icon|Boiler}} {{Icon|Stone furnace}} {{Icon|Steel furnace}} || Burner Entities
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Nuclear reactor}} {{Icon|Heat exchanger}} {{Icon|Heating tower}} {{Icon|Heat pipe}} || Heat Generators and Heat Pipes
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Fusion reactor}} {{Icon|Fusion generator}} || Fusion Power
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Lightning rod}} {{Icon|Lightning collector}} || Lightning Collectors
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Tesla turret}} || Tesla Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Flamethrower turret}} || Flamethrower Turrets
|-
| {{Icon|Concrete}} || {{Icon|Wall}} {{Icon|Gate}} || Walls and Gates
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Construction robot}} {{Icon|Logistic robot}} {{Icon|Defender capsule}} {{Icon|Distractor capsule}} {{Icon|Destroyer capsule}} || Bots
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Car}} {{Icon|Tank}} {{Icon|Spidertron}} || Vehicles
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Locomotive}} {{Icon|Cargo wagon}} {{Icon|Fluid wagon}} {{Icon|Artillery wagon}} || Trains
|-
| {{Icon|Ice platform}} || {{Icon|Straight rail}} {{Icon|Rail ramp}} {{Icon|Rail support}} {{Icon|Train stop}} {{Icon|Rail signal}} {{Icon|Rail chain signal}} || Rail Pieces
|}

=== Solar energy ===
Aquilo is far from the sun, and so [[solar panel]]s on its surface only output at 1% of their rate on Nauvis: 0.6 kW peak production. This makes panels practical for little more than powering a handful of [[inserter]]s to jump start heat production.

==Space routes==
[[Aquilo]] is connected to 2 other planets, [[Gleba]]{{SA}} and [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}, along with the [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Gleba]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}|| 30,000
|-
| [[Solar system edge]]{{SA}}|| 100,000
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Gleba]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Fulgora_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Fulgora]] to [[Aquilo]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Aquilo_Solar_System_Edge.png]] Space route from [[Aquilo]] to [[Solar system edge]]
|}

Graph legend:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Asteroid type</th>
<th>Chunk</th>
<th>Medium</th>
<th>Big</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Metallic</td>
<td>● Blue</td>
<td>● Red</td>
<td>● Cyan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Carbonic</td>
<td>● Orange</td>
<td>● Yellow</td>
<td>● Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Oxide</td>
<td>● Green</td>
<td>● Magenta</td>
<td>● Purple</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 60%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 2
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 20
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk|| .10
|-
| Medium|| 0
|-
| Big || 0.25
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
aquilo_landscape.png|Example landscape of Aquilo.
aquilo_landscape_main_menu.png|Aquilo seen on the expansion's title screen.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* In mythology, Aquilo is the Roman god of the north wind, storms, and winter.
* Aquilo's design with ice and liquid ammonia oceans is based on real-world [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20planet ice planets].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Fulgora]] {{SA}}
* [[Gleba]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Vulcanus]] {{SA}}
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Gleba

2025-01-23T00:12:14Z

Iridium235: Added link to planets

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:gleba_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Gleba''' is a moist, agricultural [[planet]] with fungal hills and swampy lowlands.

It is home to the [[pentapods]]{{SA}}, which are spider-like [[enemies]] who are attracted to the scent of biological processing called Spores, similar to the way that [[Nauvis]] creatures negatively respond to [[pollution]]. One of the most prominent traits of Gleba is that nearly everything takes a biological form.

[[Planet discovery Gleba (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-gleba}}

== Exclusive Items ==
The following items are unlocked on Gleba and can only be crafted on-planet:
* {{imagelink|Agricultural science pack|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Artificial jellynut soil|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Artificial yumako soil|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Overgrowth jellynut soil|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Overgrowth yumako soil|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Biochamber|space-age=yes}}

The following items are unlocked on Gleba but can be crafted elsewhere:
* {{imagelink|Agricultural tower|space-age=yes}} (Buildable only on [[Gleba]] and [[Nauvis]])
* {{imagelink|Captive biter spawner|space-age=yes}} (spawners can be captured with Gleba's [[Capture bot rocket]], constructed with [[Aquilo]] research, and exclusively produced and placed on Nauvis).
* {{imagelink|Heating tower|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Biolab|space-age=yes}} (unlocked with Gleba science, but exclusively produced and placed on Nauvis)
* {{imagelink|Rocket turret|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Spidertron}}
* {{imagelink|Stack inserter|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Toolbelt equipment|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Productivity module 3}}
* {{imagelink|Efficiency module 3}}

Note that while stack inserters ''can'' be crafted off of Gleba, the use of fast-[[spoilage mechanics|spoiling]] [[jelly]] as an ingredient makes doing so somewhat impractical, though hardly impossible.

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Gleba Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || Spores
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 10 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 10
|-
| Solar Power || 50%
|-
| Pressure || 2000
|-
| Gravity || 20
|}

=== Biomes ===

Gleba's terrain consists of elevated regions of dry, buildable terrain and marshy lower areas marbled with [[Shallow water]] that cannot directly be built upon without [[landfill]]. The dark highlands biome are where [[stone]] may be found. The orange or turquoise midland biomes are also elevated and lack shallow water. [[Cliff]]s usually represent the transition from lower lying areas to higher ones.

[[Enemies#Wrigglers|Pentapod]] enemies can only build nests on shallow water tiles (regardless of biome), so midlands and highlands act as natural barriers to their expansion. Artificial barriers can be created by using landfill on available shallow water.

The blue biomes are marshes that are typically found next to deep water lakes. Outside of their particular flora, these lands contain nothing special.

The red and green biomes are marshlands where [[Jellystem]] and [[Yumako tree]]s can be found, respectively. They also contain [[Stromatolite|copper and iron stromatolites]] in abundance, making them good sources of ore and ore bacteria.

For the purposes of where crops can be planted, each of these two biomes has 3 kinds of tiles.

Fertile soil tiles are those surrounding natural [[Jellystem]]s and [[Yumako tree]]s. These tiles can be planted with seeds and grow trees without any additional intervention. However, there are usually not very many such tiles in a biome.

Around fertile soil tiles are a larger number of wetland tiles. These are shallow water tiles that are not initially plantable, but artificial [[Artificial jellynut soil|jellynut]] and [[Artificial yumako soil|yumako]] soil tiles will make them fertile.

The vast majority of the biome consists of darker red or green tiles (some are shallow water marshes, while others are buildable terrain) of types other than the above. All of these tiles can have overgrowth [[Overgrowth jellynut soil|jellynut]] and [[Overgrowth yumako soil|yumako]] soils placed on them, making virtually the entire biome farmable (though at substantial cost).

On the map view, the lightest colored tiles in these biomes are fertile soils, the slightly darker tiles around them are wetlands, and the rest are tiles that can have overgrowth soils placed on them.

Note that the overgrowth soils can be placed on the same wetland tiles that artificial soils can be placed on. Overgrowth soils have no special effects on those tiles, and they are far more expensive than artificial soils. As such, care should be taken to avoid using the more expensive soils where the less expensive ones will do fine.

== Mechanics ==
{{main|Spoilage mechanics}}
Most biological products on Gleba are "spoilable". A spoilable item has an inherent timer attached to it, which begins at the item's creation. When the timer reaches 0, the item is transformed into [[spoilage]],{{SA}} with a few exceptions. This process is inevitable and cannot be stopped.

The exact time differs per item, ranging anywhere from a few minutes to 2 hours. This means that item throughput is more important than ever on Gleba, and buffering a large stockpile is ineffective, as items can spoil within containers.

The [[Biochamber]], Gleba's special production building, uses a fuel source, [[nutrients]]. Nutrients also can spoil, and have a short, 5 minute spoil time.

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] is readily available using offshore pumps
* [[Stone]] can be mined from patches on the surface as normal
* [[Iron ore]] can be obtained from [[Iron bacteria]], which can be cultivated in a [[Biochamber]] using [[Iron bacteria cultivation]]
* [[Copper ore]] can be obtained from [[Copper bacteria]], which can be cultivated in a biochamber using [[Copper bacteria cultivation]]
* [[Coal]] can be obtained via [[Coal synthesis]]
* [[Crude oil]] is not available. However:
** [[Plastic bar]]s can be obtained from [[Bioplastic]]
** [[Sulfur]] can be obtained from [[Biosulfur]]
** [[Lubricant]] can be obtained from [[Biolubricant]]
** [[Rocket fuel]] can be obtained from [[Rocket fuel from jelly]]
** [[Heavy oil]] can be obtained using [[Coal liquefaction]], if the initial heavy oil is shipped in from another planet. This is only really useful for [[flamethrower turret]]s, since all other oil products can be obtained more efficiently using the bio recipes.

=== Power production ===

The heating tower is a burner device can be used to generate electricity via the use of [[heat exchanger]]s and steam turbines. Gleba renewably generates all its resources, which includes rocket fuel. Traditional boilers can also be used.

==Space routes==
[[Gleba]] is connected to 4 other planets: [[Nauvis]], [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}, [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}, and [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Nauvis]]|| 15,000
|-
| [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}|| 15,000
|-
| [[Fulgora]]{{SA}}|| 15,000
|-
| [[Aquilo]] {{SA}}|| 30,000
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Nauvis_Gleba.png]] Space route from [[Nauvis]] to [[Gleba]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Vulcanus_Gleba.png]] Space route from [[Vulcanus]] to [[Gleba]]
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Fulgora.png]] Space route from [[Gleba]] to [[Fulgora]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Aquilo.png]] Space route from [[Gleba]] to [[Aquilo]]
|}

Graph legend:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Asteroid type
! Chunk
! Medium
! Big
|-
| [[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Metallic
| ● Blue
| ● Red
| ● Cyan
|-
| [[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Carbonic
| ● Orange
| ● Yellow
| ● Brown
|-
| [[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Oxide
| ● Green
| ● Magenta
| ● Purple
|}

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 200%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 2
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 5
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk|| .30
|-
| Medium|| .25
|-
| Big || 0
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
gleba_landscape.png|Example landscape of Gleba.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* In biology, a gleba is a fleshy, spore-filled inner mass of some fungus like the puffball.
* During development, Gleba was once named ''Bacchus'', after the Roman god of fertility, orchards, and vegetation.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==

* [[Aquilo]] {{SA}}
* [[Fulgora]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Vulcanus]] {{SA}}
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Fulgora

2025-01-23T00:11:33Z

Iridium235: Added link to planets

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[file:fulgora_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Fulgora''' is a new barren desert [[planet]]. Its surface is split between island-like plateaus, and deep oilsands. During the night, the planet is ravaged by lightning storms, damaging buildings.

[[Planet discovery Fulgora (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-fulgora}}

== Exclusive Items ==
The following items are unlocked on Fulgora and can only be crafted on-planet:
* {{imagelink|Electromagnetic science pack|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Electromagnetic plant|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Lightning collector|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Lightning rod|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Recycler|space-age=yes}}

The following items are unlocked on Fulgora but can be crafted elsewhere:
* {{imagelink|Mech armor|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Personal battery MK3|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Energy shield MK2}}
* {{imagelink|Personal roboport MK2}}
* {{imagelink|Quality module 3|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Tesla turret|space-age=yes}}

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Fulgora Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || None
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 3 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 99
|-
| Solar Power || 20%
|-
| Pressure || 800
|-
| Gravity || 8
|}

== Biomes ==
Fulgora is split between two distinct biomes.
* '''Plateaus''' are islands dotted around the landscape. They are the only biome where factories can be built. Some plateaus are home to [[fulgoran ruin|alien ruins]], which have [[fulgoran lightning attractor]]s, which can protect your buildings until unlocking your own [[lightning rod]]s. Other plateaus hold [[scrap]], Fulgora's sole resource.
* '''Oilsands''' are the lowlands between the plateaus. No buildings can be built in them except for [[rail support]]s. You can walk through them, but occasional oilpatches will slow you to a crawl. An [[offshore pump]] can be placed on the edge of oilsands to produce an unlimited amount of [[heavy oil]]. 

=== Terrain ===
Fulgoran terrain is mainly composed of [[Oil ocean|oillands]], on which nothing except for [[rail support]]s can be built. Traversal by foot across the oillands is possible, but slow. The oillands are further divided into deep and shallow areas, with deep areas slowing down player movement even further and not even allowing for rail supports to be built until [[rail support foundations (research)]] is researched.

However, the oillands are also scattered with islands of various sizes, on which normal construction is possible. At first, these are the only place on Fulgora where factories can be built, as [[foundation]] for building on top of the oillands requires research that can not be performed until much later.

The islands come in three size classes:
* Small islands with high amounts of resources, but with little room to build on
* Medium islands with lower amounts of resources, and with sufficient room for a small factory
* Large islands with no resources, but with enough room to build the main part of a medium-sized factory

It is possible for two or more islands to overlap, potentially creating an even larger island that does have local resources. However, most islands are detached, meaning that transport between islands will have to occur by train. In many cases, the distance between two islands is also too vast for [[roboport]]s or [[big electric pole]]s to reach, thus requiring local [[logistic network|logistic]] and [[electric system|electric networks]] to be built, as neither roboports nor power poles can be built on the oillands without [[foundation]].

Islands are also scattered with [[fulgorite]], [[fulgoran lightning attractor]]s, [[fulgoran ruin]]s and [[fulgoran vault ruin]]s, allowing players without the [[recycler]] to get access to basic resources.

== Mechanics ==
=== Lightning ===
During [[time|nighttime]], dense thunderstorms occur on Fulgora, with frequent lightning strikes occurring across the surface. Lightning will strike each [[chunk]] once, every 10 seconds or so ( lightnings_per_chunk_per_tick = 1 / (60 * 10), --cca once per chunk every 10 seconds (600 ticks) )

If a lightning strike is set to occur near a [[lightning rod]], [[lightning collector]], or [[fulgoran lightning attractor]], then the lightning will always hit said entity, rendering the lightning harmless. However, if such an entity can not be found, the lightning will strike where it occurs, causing damage to nearby entities.

Lightning will prefer striking the entity with the highest priority, choosing randomly between entities tied for highest priority.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Lightning priority above 1
|-
! Entity !! Priority Value
|-
| {{imagelink|Lightning collector}} || 10,000
|-
| {{imagelink|Lightning rod}} || 1,000
|-
| [[Fulgoran lightning attractor]] || ?
|-
| [[Fulgoran vault ruin]] || 95
|-
| [[Colossal Fulgoran ruin]] || 94
|-
| [[Huge Fulgoran ruin]] || 93
|-
| [[Big Fulgoran ruin]] || 92
|-
| [[Medium Fulgoran ruin]] || 91
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Lightning priority 1
! Entities !! Category
|-
| Anything with the "Metal" impact soundset/category?
|-
| {{imagelink|Pipe}} {{imagelink|Pipe to ground}} {{imagelink|Pump}} {{imagelink|Offshore pump}} || Pipes & Pumps
|-
| {{imagelink|Small electric pole}} {{imagelink|Medium electric pole}} {{imagelink|Big electric pole}} {{imagelink|Substation}} || Electric Poles
|-
| {{imagelink|Power switch}} {{imagelink|Accumulator}} || Electric Routing
|-
| {{imagelink|Recycler}} {{imagelink|Assembling machine 1}} {{imagelink|Assembling machine 2}} {{imagelink|Assembling machine 3}} || Recyclers and Assemblers
|-
| {{imagelink|Beacon}} || Beacons
|-
| {{imagelink|Radar}} || Radars
|-
| {{imagelink|Roboport}} {{imagelink|Logistic robot}} {{imagelink|Construction robot}} || Roboports & Bots
|-
| {{imagelink|Burner inserter}} {{imagelink|Inserter}} {{imagelink|Long handed inserter}} {{imagelink|Fast inserter}} || Inserters (but not [[bulk inserter|bulk]]/[[stack inserter]]s)
|-
| {{imagelink|Iron chest}} {{imagelink|Steel chest}} {{imagelink|Storage chest}} {{imagelink|Passive provider chest}} {{imagelink|Active provider chest}} {{imagelink|Requester chest}} {{imagelink|Buffer chest}} || Metal Chests (Notably '''not''' [[wooden chest]]s)
|-
| {{imagelink|Cargo pod}} || Landed Cargo pods
|-
| {{imagelink|Steel furnace}} {{imagelink|Electric furnace}} || Metal Furnaces
|-
| {{imagelink|Heat exchanger}} {{imagelink|Heat pipe}} || Heat exchangers and pipes
|-
| {{imagelink|Fusion generator}} {{imagelink|Fusion reactor}} || Fusion Power
|-
| {{imagelink|Car}} {{imagelink|Tank}} || Cars & Tanks
|-
| {{imagelink|Train stop}} || Train stops
|-
| [https://lua-api.factorio.com/latest/prototypes/ElectricEnergyInterfacePrototype.html Electric energy interface] {{imagelink|Asteroid collector}} {{imagelink|Thruster}} || Some Modded Situations
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Lightning Immune Entities
! Entities !! Category
|-
| [https://lua-api.factorio.com/latest/prototypes/LegacyStraightRailPrototype.html Legacy rail] {{imagelink|Rail}} {{imagelink|Rail ramp|Rail ramp|Rail ramps and elevated rails}} {{imagelink|Rail support}} || Rail Pieces
|-
| {{imagelink|Rail signal}} {{imagelink|Rail chain signal}} || Rail Signals (Notably not [[Train stop]]s)
|-
| {{imagelink|Locomotive}} {{imagelink|Artillery wagon}} {{imagelink|Cargo wagon}} {{imagelink|Fluid wagon}} || Trains
|-
| {{imagelink|Wall}} {{imagelink|Land mine}} || Walls and Mines
|-
| {{imagelink|Tree}} {{imagelink|Rock}} {{imagelink|Fulgorite}} || Trees & entities that count as a rock for [[Deconstruction planner|filtered destruction]]
|}

=== Lightning rods and collectors ===

[[Lightning rod]]s and [[lightning collector]]s serve a secondary function beyond protecting an area from lightning strikes. They convert lightning into stored power, which [[Power production#Lightning power|they quickly discharge]] into the local [[electric system]]. With enough [[accumulator]]s to last during daytime or between lightning strikes, this can serve as the factory's main power source.

With this, lightning on Fulgora become both a curse and a blessing: Players must keep their factory covered by lightning rods or collectors to avoid damage, and nighttime exploration becomes dangerous and risky. However, to an established base, lightning become a convenient source of electric energy, which is especially important given the weak [[solar panel|solar output]] on Fulgora's surface and the difficulty of setting up a global electric network on Fulgora before [[foundation]] becomes available.

=== Natural resources ===
Aside from numerous items that can be collected by mining ancient ruins, only two "natural" resources occur on Fulgora, those being [[heavy oil]] and [[scrap]].

Heavy oil can be obtained in infinite and non-diminishing amounts by placing an [[offshore pump]] on the shore of an island, allowing it to collect heavy oil directly from the oillands.

Scrap is found in deposits on small and medium sized islands, as if it were an ore. However, in stark contrast to most other natural resources, scrap is not directly processed into a single basic resource like [[iron plate|iron]] or [[copper plate]]s using traditional production methods. Rather, it is [[recycler|recycled]] to produce a variety of items. [[Player]]s can also recycle by hand.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Input !! Output !! Chance !! Rate
|-
|rowspan="12"| {{Imagelink|Scrap|space-age=yes}} || {{Imagelink|Iron gear wheel}} || 20% || 0.5/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Solid fuel}} || 7% || 0.175/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Concrete}} || 6% || 0.15/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Ice|space-age=yes}} || 5% || 0.125/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Steel plate}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Battery}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Stone}} || 4% || 0.1/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Copper cable}} || 3% || 0.075/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Advanced circuit}} || 3% || 0.075/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Processing unit}} || 2% || 0.05/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Low density structure}} || 1% || 0.025/s
|-
| {{Imagelink|Holmium ore|space-age=yes}} || 1% || 0.025/s
|}

Since this list includes intermediate products, such as [[processing unit]]s, but no iron or copper plates, players are often forced to further recycle many of these items in order to obtain their ingredients. Players are thus left with the decision of what items to recycle, all while having to avoid cluttering their belts with unused resources. 

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] can be obtained from [[Ice]] (from recycling [[Scrap]]) via [[Ice melting]]
* [[Stone]] can be obtained by recycling [[Scrap]]
* [[Iron ore]] can be obtained by recycling [[Concrete]]
* [[Iron plate]] can be obtained by recycling [[Iron gear wheel]], [[Battery]], or [[Electronic circuit]]
* [[Copper plate]] can be obtained by recycling [[Copper cable]], [[Battery]], or [[Low density structure]]
* [[Coal]] cannot be obtained and must be shipped in from other planets. However:
** [[Plastic bar]] can be obtained by recycling [[Advanced circuit]] or [[Low density structure]]
** There are no [[enemies]] on-planet, so [[Explosive]]-based ammunition or [[grenade]]s are not needed
* [[Crude oil]] is not available, but [[Heavy oil]] is readily available using [[offshore pump]]s
* [[Copper ore]] is not available as the only recipe it is used in is copper plates and smelting processes cannot be reversed

==Space routes==
[[Fulgora]] is connected to 3 other planets: [[Nauvis]], [[Gleba]], and [[Aquilo]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Nauvis]]|| 15,000
|-
| [[Gleba]]|| 15,000
|-
| [[Aquilo]]|| 30,000
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Nauvis_Fulgora.png]] Space route from Nauvis to Fulgora
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Gleba_Fulgora.png]] Space route from Gleba to Fulgora
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Fulgora_Aquilo.png]] Space route from Fulgora to Aquilo
|}

Graph legend:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Asteroid type</th>
<th>Chunk</th>
<th>Medium</th>
<th>Big</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Metallic</td>
<td>● Blue</td>
<td>● Red</td>
<td>● Cyan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Carbonic</td>
<td>● Orange</td>
<td>● Yellow</td>
<td>● Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] Oxide</td>
<td>● Green</td>
<td>● Magenta</td>
<td>● Purple</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 120%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 4
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 3
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk || .25
|-
| Medium || .25
|-
| Big || 0
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
fulgora_landscape.png|Example landscape of Fulgora.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* The planet's ruins suggest that an unknown civilization once existed there before the game's events.
* In mythology, Fulgora is the Roman personification of lightning, and a shieldmaiden to the god of thunder, Jupiter.
* The planet is based on real-world [[:Wikipedia:Desert planet|desert planets]].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Aquilo]] {{SA}}
* [[Gleba]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Vulcanus]] {{SA}}
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}
* [[Tutorial:Scrap recycling strategies]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Planet

2025-01-23T00:10:56Z

Iridium235: Redirects to planets

#REDIRECT[[Planets]]

Vulcanus

2025-01-23T00:10:35Z

Iridium235: Added link to planets

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:volcanus_preview.png|210px|right]]'''Vulcanus''' is a hot volcanic [[planet]] with mountainous volcanoes, rivers of lava, plains of ash, and sulfuric acid geysers. 

It is home to [[Demolisher|demolishers]]{{SA}}, a large boss‐like [[Enemies|enemy]] that defends its territory. There's no [[pollution]] on Vulcanus.

[[Planet discovery Vulcanus (research)]] is required to travel to the planet.

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|visit-vulcanus}}

== Exclusive Recipes ==
The following recipes can only be crafted on Vulcanus:
* {{imagelink|Metallurgic science pack|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Foundry|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Big mining drill|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Turbo transport belt|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Turbo underground belt|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Turbo splitter|space-age=yes}}
* {{imagelink|Acid neutralisation|space-age=yes}}

The following items and recipes are unlocked on Vulcanus but can be crafted elsewhere:

* {{imagelink|Artillery turret}}/{{imagelink|Artillery wagon}} and {{imagelink|Artillery shell}}s
* {{imagelink|Simple coal liquefaction|space-age=yes}} and {{imagelink|Coal liquefaction}}
* {{imagelink|Cliff explosives}}
* {{imagelink|Speed module 3}}
* {{imagelink|Asteroid reprocessing (research)|space-age=yes}}

==Surface==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vulcanus Surface Properties
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Pollutant Type || None
|-
| Day Night Cycle || 1.5 Minutes
|-
| Magnetic Field|| 25
|-
| Solar Power || 400%
|-
| Pressure || 4000
|-
| Gravity || 40
|}

== Biomes ==
Vulcanus has three distinct biomes.
* '''Ashlands''' are plateaus speckled with sparse vegetation and deposits of [[coal]]. They are home to leafless alien trees. They are relatively free of cliffs and lava, making them ideal for building.
* '''Lava basins''' are filled with winding lava rivers. Within them are deposits of [[tungsten ore]]{{SA}}, which can only be mined using the big mining drill.
* '''Mountains''' are large volcanoes, covered in cliffs and with a large lava pool at their center. They are home to [[sulfuric acid]] geysers and [[calcite]]{{SA}}. 

==Demolisher Territories==

Native to Vulcanus are the giant centipede-like enemies known as "[[Enemies|demolishers]]".

Demolishers have well-defined territories. On the map, these territories are outlined by an opaque, bright red line and the inside is marked by diagonal, translucent, red lines. Only one demolisher will spawn per territory, and the territories themselves do not overlap. However, they are tightly packed, as they follow a Voronoi-like pattern. At the start of the game, only Vulcanus' starting area is not inside a demolisher's territory.

When left alone, a demolisher will patrol the border of its territory. However, if players build inside of a demolisher's territory, it will soon make a beeline towards these buildings with the intent of destroying them. Building inside of a demolisher's territory is therefore extremely risky and dangerous.

The death of a demolisher is permanent, as they only spawn during world generation. Likewise, upon the death of a demolisher, its territory permanently becomes free for the player to use, as other demolishers will not try to expand their territories.

== Access to basic resources ==

* [[Water]] can be obtained via [[Acid neutralisation]] and [[Steam condensation]]
* [[Stone]] is a byproduct of processing [[Lava]] into molten iron/copper
* [[Iron ore]] is only available in limited quantities from mining Volcanic [[Rock]], but [[Iron plate]] and [[Concrete]] may be obtained from [[Molten iron]]
* [[Copper ore]] only available in limited quantities from mining Volcanic [[Rock]], but [[Copper plate]] may be obtained from [[Molten copper]]
* [[Coal]] can be mined from patches on the surface as normal
* [[Crude oil]] is not available, but [[Heavy oil]] can be obtained via [[Simple coal liquefaction]]. Heavy oil can then be processed into light oil and petroleum.
* [[Wood]] cannot be obtained, but [[medium electric pole]]s can be constructed using the small amount of ores available. Note that this can soft-lock players that did not unlock the research.

=== Power production ===

[[Solar panel]]s on Vulcanus give 4x the power they would on Nauvis. [[Acid neutralization]] generates 500C steam, which can be fed through [[steam turbine]]s to generate electricity. The calcite processing technology does not actually give the player access to steam turbines, so [[steam engine]]s can be used instead (which generate less power for the same steam).

==Space routes==
[[Vulcanus]] is connected to 2 other planets: [[Nauvis]] and [[Gleba]]{{SA}}.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Planet Distance
|-
! Planet !! Distance (km)
|-
| [[Nauvis]]|| 15,000
|-
| [[Gleba]]{{SA}}|| 15,000
|-
|}

Asteroid rate graphs:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Nauvis_Vulcanus.png]] Space route from [[Nauvis]] to [[Vulcanus]]
| [[File:Asteroid_chart_Vulcanus_Gleba.png]] Space route from [[Vulcanus]] to [[Gleba]]
|}

Graph legend:
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Asteroid Type</th>
<th>Chunk</th>
<th>Medium</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Metallic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] [[Asteroids|Metallic]] {{SA}}</td>
<td>● Blue</td>
<td>● Red</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Carbonic asteroid chunk.png|32px]] [[Asteroids|Carbonic]] {{SA}}</td>
<td>● Orange</td>
<td>● Yellow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[File:Oxide asteroid chunk.png|32px]] [[Asteroids|Oxide]] {{SA}}</td>
<td>● Green</td>
<td>● Magenta</td>
</tr>
</table>

==Orbit==

===Properties===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Property !! Value
|-
| Solar Power || 600%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Types
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Type !! Spawn Ratio
|-
| [[Metallic asteroid chunk]] || 5
|-
| [[Carbonic asteroid chunk]] || 2
|-
| [[Oxide asteroid chunk]] || 1
|-
| [[Promethium asteroid chunk]] || 0
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Asteroid Spawning Sizes
|-
! [[Asteroids| Asteroid]] Size !! Spawn %
|-
| Chunk|| .20
|-
| Medium|| .25
|-
| Big || 0
|-
| Huge || 0
|}

'''Note:'''
*Chunks spawn at Nauvis at 1.25%
*Huge Asteroids only spawn past [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}

== Gallery==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px">
vulcanis_landscape.png|Example of Vulcanus' landscape.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* In mythology, Vulcanus (also spelt Vulcan), is the Roman god of fire, metalworking, and the forge.
* The planet's design, with lava, volcanoes, and sulfur, is based on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_planet lava planets].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Aquilo]] {{SA}}
* [[Fulgora]] {{SA}}
* [[Gleba]] {{SA}}
* [[Nauvis]]
* [[Space platform]] {{SA}}

{{C|Planets}}
{{SpaceNav}}

Planets

2025-01-23T00:08:40Z

Iridium235: Added the page with links to all 5 planets

{{Languages}}
{{Disambiguation}}
Planets are large surfaces with unique properties. The [[Space Age]] expansion adds 4 new planets.

* {{imagelink|Nauvis}}
* {{imagelink|Vulcanus}}{{SA}}
* {{imagelink|Fulgora}}{{SA}}
* {{imagelink|Gleba}}{{SA}}
* {{imagelink|Aquilo}}{{SA}}

User:Iridium235

2025-01-22T23:58:25Z

Iridium235: A new draft: Factoriopedia. Feel free to edit!

'''Hello!'''

I am Iridium235, one of the editors for the this wiki.
I mostly do [[Special:Contributions/Iridium235|changes]] related to '''text''', such as adding/extending descriptions.
I have a total of 750 hours in the game, and own the base game as well as the [[Space Age|expansion]].

First Joined 29/11/2024

Link to stubs >>> [[https://wiki.factorio.com/Category:Stubs]] <<<

Total number of edits: 469 (since last updated)

<big>'''''THE WIKI MUST GROW'''''</big>

=Draft=

Feel free to edit!

==Factoriopedia==

The '''Factoriopedia''' serves as a in-game wiki that contains all entities, researches and recipes in the game, as well as any added items mods can add. It shows the [[quality]]{{SA}} effects, [[Recycler|recycling]]{{SA}} results and technology required for each recipe and building.

{{SA}} ''The quality icon. When this is near an number, that means that it is affected by quality.''
{{icon|quality icon}}

=== Display ===
* For [[technologies]], this shows the prerequisites and prerequisite for.
* For machines, it shows the basic stats (crafting speed, health) as well as recipes that it can craft.
* For [[enemies]], it shows basic stats, such as health, damage and [[resistances]].
* For intermediate products, it shows the ingredients as well as items it is used in.
* For tiles, it shows [[pollution]] / [[Pollution#Spores|spores]]{{SA}} absorbing amount.
* For [[Planets]], it shows a description, exclusive items, and the basic stats, such as:
:* Gravity
:* Pressure
:* Magnetic field
:* Day/night cycle
:* [[Solar panel|Solar power]]
:* Solar power in [[Space platform|Space]]
:* [[Enemies|Evolution]] factor
:* [[Construction robot|Robot]] energy usage multiplier

=== Controls ===
Note that the following controls is exclusively for PC.

* '''ALT + LMB''' when hovering over an entity to open the corresponding page on the Factoriopedia.
* '''ALT + Left arrow''' to go to the previous page.
* '''ALT + Right arrow''' to go to the next page (after going to the previous page).

== History ==

{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced
}}

File:Quality icon.png

2025-01-22T23:35:03Z

Iridium235:

the quality symbol

Advanced thruster oxidizer

2025-01-22T20:58:05Z

Iridium235: Navigation added

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Advanced thruster oxidizer}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}

The '''Advanced thruster oxidizer''' is an optional recipe for making [[thruster oxidizer]] at higher throughput and more efficiently, at the cost of calcite which is not required in the base recipe

== Alternate recipe ==

{|class = "wikitable"
! Recipe !! Ingredients !! Result !! Produced by !! Research
|-
| {{Icon|Thruster oxidizer}} || {{Icon|Time|2}} + {{Icon|Iron ore|2}} + {{Icon|Water|10}} || {{Icon|Thruster oxidizer|75}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{Icon|Space platform thruster (research)}}
|}

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Resources}}

Cryogenic plant

2025-01-22T10:39:54Z

Iridium235: Added links

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Cryogenic plant}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
The '''Cryogenic plant''' is a version of a [[chemical plant]] from [[Aquilo]]{{SA}} that specializes in cryogenics. Unlike similar machines found on other planets, the cryogenic plant does not have an innate [[productivity]] bonus, but it does have 8 [[module]] slots.

== Recipes ==
The recipes below are exclusive to the cryogenic plant:

* {{IconLink|Fluoroketone (hot)}}
* {{IconLink|Fluoroketone (cold)}}
* {{IconLink|Cryogenic science pack}}
* {{IconLink|Promethium science pack}}
* {{IconLink|Fusion reactor}}
* {{IconLink|Fusion generator}}
* {{IconLink|Fusion power cell}}
* {{IconLink|Railgun}}
* {{IconLink|Railgun turret}}
* {{IconLink|Captive biter spawner}}
* {{IconLink|Solid fuel from ammonia}}
* {{IconLink|Ammonia rocket fuel}}

The cryogenic plant can also perform the following chemical plant recipes:

* {{IconLink|Sulfuric acid}}
* {{IconLink|Lithium}}
* {{IconLink|Acid neutralisation}}
* {{IconLink|Steam condensation}}
* {{IconLink|Plastic bar}}
* {{IconLink|Sulfur}}
* {{IconLink|Battery}}
* {{IconLink|Explosives}}
* {{IconLink|Carbon}}

The [[oil cracking]] and [[rocket fuel]] from [[light oil]] recipes can be performed in the [[biochamber]], while several other recipes like [[solid fuel]] from light oil can only be performed in a chemical plant.

== Notes ==
* A [[biochamber]] with maximum [[Quality|legendary]] [[productivity module 3]]s has a productivity of 150%. A cryogenic plant with maxiumum legendary productivity module 3s has a productivity of 200%.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}
* [[Crafting]]

{{ProductionNav}}
{{C|Producers}}

User:Iridium235

2025-01-22T08:40:48Z

Iridium235: Updated stats (377 > 465)

Train

2025-01-22T08:17:08Z

Iridium235: I think it will be more accurate for the redirect to be the Locomotives rather than the Rail system. The locomotive page has the link to the other page anyway.

#REDIRECT [[Locomotive]]

Rail

2025-01-22T08:14:57Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Rail}}

A '''Rail''' is used for building a [[railway]] track for [[locomotive|trains]]. Unlike [[transport belt]]s, rail tracks can also be curved and placed diagonally. [[Train stop]]s, [[rail signal]]s and [[rail chain signal]]s can be placed on rails to better guide automated trains. [[Gate]]s can also be placed on rails, making them rail gates. There are also [[elevated rail]]s, which are rails with added height, so that trains can freely pass over obstacles.

The minimum rail turning radius is 12, meaning the smallest possible 180° turn is 24 [[Map_structure#Tile|tile]]s wide.

The [[rail planner]] can be used to automatically place rails. See the page for more info.

== Achievements ==
Rails are directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|trans-factorio-express}}

== History ==

{{history|0.13.0|
* Rail planner tool simplifies rail building.
* Improved the rail selection logic.
* Halved the mining time of rails.
* Removed the curved rail, ''rail'' is the only type now.
}}

{{history|0.12.11|
* Replaced entity type ''rail'' with types ''straight rail'' and ''curved rail''}}

{{history|0.11.17|
* Increased the stack size of Straight Rails to 100 from 50.}}

{{history|0.11.0|
* Gates built on rails now make them rail gates.
* Added end of track graphics.
}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Rails are now crafted in pairs.
* Nicer rail diagonals/turns on minimap.}}

{{history|0.7.1|
* Added remnants for destroyed rails.}}

{{history|0.5.0|
* Rails are not minable when a train is on them.
* Rails recipe changed, now needs steel and stone
* Rails made more expensive
}}

{{history|0.2.8|
* Correction of bounding boxes of some built curved rails.}}

{{history|0.2.1|
* Rail building and selection boxes}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Locomotive]]
* [[Rail planner]]
* [[Railway]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Railway}}

Locomotive

2025-01-22T08:13:47Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Locomotive}}

The '''Locomotive''' is the engine for movement of [[Railway|trains]] over [[Railway#Tracks|track]]. Trains are useful for moving large amounts of items over large distances. With the [[Space Age]] expansion, locomotives can also utilize elevated rails, which are rails built off of a [[rail ramp]], allowing trains to freely drive over obstacles on the ground.

Locomotives are also good vehicles for the player to reach fixed destinations, as they are considerably faster than the [[car]] or [[tank]]. Naturally, they do not have the same freedom of movement, as they are confined to the track. They can be set up to travel automatically between [[train stop]]s, or be controlled manually, even if the [[player]] is in a [[cargo wagon]] attached to the train instead of the locomotive itself. Automatic trains can also use [[rail signal]]s and [[rail chain signal]]s to designate different or changing paths on a railway, as well as manage multiple trains on multiple or intertwining tracks.

Locomotives are [[burner devices]] and require [[fuel]] to run; the more powerful the fuel used, the faster the locomotive's acceleration and top speed will be. [[Solid fuel]], [[rocket fuel]] and [[nuclear fuel]] will give +20%, +80% and +150% acceleration respectively, and provide +5%, +15% and +15% for top speed respectively. Multiple locomotives can be used on a single train to increase its speed. If a locomotive has no fuel, it will still be able to move, albeit very slowly.

While locomotives can be assembled by hand, the [[engine unit]] for it requires [[Assembling machine|automated construction]] to build, so it cannot be built from raw materials by hand. The color of the locomotive can be customized.

== Achievements ==
Locomotives are related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|watch-your-step}}
{{Achievement|getting-on-track}}
{{Achievement|getting-on-track-like-a-pro}}

== Connecting/Disconnecting a locomotive ==
[[File:locomotive_gui.png|thumb|right|200px|Locomotive GUI]]

To connect locomotives, cargo wagons, or [[fluid wagon]]s to each other, either place the cars next to each other on the track (there will be an outlined green connection), or connect an already existing disconnected car by driving the locomotive near the car and press {{Keybinding|G}} by default. To disconnect the last car in a train, press {{Keybinding|V}} by default.

== Defense ==
Locomotives in transit can usually crash through everything in its way (including biters, [[car|other]] [[tank|vehicles]], and the player). However, if the locomotive is moving too slowly, or the target is too tough, it will stop the train instead. Once stopped, the train will continually do damage if trying to accelerate. If the locomotive hits an [[enemies|enemy]], the enemies will fight back and try to destroy the train and the rails.

[[Construction robot]]s are a good way to automatically repair damage at train stations.

[[File:train_kills_biters.gif|frame|none|Train killing three big biters.]]

== Maximum speed ==
The maximum speed that a locomotive can get to depends on the train that it is pulling. The speed of an accelerating, fully fueled, train is calculated every tick by the game with the following formula:

train_speed = max(0, abs(train_speed) - train_friction_force ÷ train_weight)
train_speed = train_speed + (10 × number_of_locomotives_in_moving_direction × fuel_acceleration_bonus ÷ train_weight)
train_speed = train_speed × (1 - air_resistance_of_front_rolling_stock ÷ (train_weight ÷ 1000))

where <code>train_friction_force</code> is the total friction of each wagon and locomotive (0.5 for any type of wagon including locomotives) and <code>train_weight</code> is the total weight of each wagon and locomotive (see their individual pages for the weight values). The friction and air resistance of wagons and locomotives can be found in their prototypes. The calculated <code>train_speed</code> is capped to <code>max_speed = 1.2 * fuel_top_speed_multiplier</code>.

== Fuel duration (in seconds) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1 item of !! Burning time in seconds
|-
| {{Icon|Wood}} || 3.33
|-
| {{Icon|Coal}} || 6.67
|-
| {{Icon|Solid fuel}} || 20
|-
| {{Icon|Rocket fuel}} || 166.67
|-
| {{Icon|Nuclear fuel}} || 2016.67
|}

== Driving controls ==
These are the default bindings, they can be changed in the Settings menu.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Command
! Keyboard and mouse
! Controller
|-
|Enter/Exit
|{{Keybinding|enter}}
|{{Keybinding|ZR|X}}
|-
|Accelerate
|{{Keybinding|W}}
|''Use left joystick''
|-
|Decelerate/Reverse
|{{Keybinding|S}}
|''Use left joystick''
|-
|Pick which fork to take at junction (left, right)
|{{Keybinding|A}},{{Keybinding|D}}
|''Use left joystick''
|-
|Connect/Disconnect train
|{{Keybinding|G}},{{Keybinding|V}}
| Not set
|}

When using a controller, such as on the [[Nintendo Switch version|Nintendo Switch]], the behaviour of the left joystick in vehicles can be switched between two modes:
* Relative vehicle driving mode (default): Moving the stick in a direction will make vehicles automatically turn and accelerate to that side of the screen.
* Absolute vehicle driving mode: Moving the stick up/down will make vehicles accelerate/brake. Moving the stick left/right will make vehicles turn in that direction.

== Achievements ==
Locomotives are directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|getting-on-track}}
{{Achievement|getting-on-track-like-a-pro}}
{{Achievement|watch-your-step}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths=320px>
File:trains_colors.png|The player among different colored locomotives.
</gallery>

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Locomotive sounds overhauled.}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Locomotive fuel consumption doubled.}}

{{history|0.16.0|
* Locomotive will show train ID in its tooltip. The ID can be used in circuit network conditions.}}

{{history|0.15.19|
* Locomotive snaps to a train stop when placing the first locomotive next to the train stop.}}

{{history|0.15.7|
* Inserters will no longer take fuel from locomotives and instead will take the burnt result items if the locomotive fuel uses that system.}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Renamed "diesel-locomotive" to "locomotive"}}

{{history|0.14.0|
* Added support for equipment grids in locomotives.}}

{{history|0.13.0|
* New locomotive graphics.
* Can now be colored.
* Trains are now regular size in horizontal and vertical orientations.
}}

{{history|0.12.1|
* Trains that are moving automatically cannot be rotated.}}

{{history|0.12.0|
* Now show contents in tooltip.}}

{{history|0.11.18|
* Increased the crafting cost of the cargo wagon and locomotive.
* Removing and merging the locomotive of a train without any additional locomotives doesn't clear the schedule anymore.
}}

{{history|0.11.6|
* Copy paste can now be used for train schedules.}}

{{history|0.10.2|
* Now recalculates path on rotation.}}

{{history|0.10.0|
* Backer names are used for locomotives.}}

{{history|0.9.0|
* Recipe change}}

{{history|0.5.0|
* Train can find the path backward when it has locomotives in the back
* New locomotive graphics.
* Locomotive + wagon + rails are more expensive.
}}

{{history|0.4.1|
* Smooth (precise) rolling stock placement.
* Rotating while building affects the direction of the rolling stock.
* Rolling stocks can be disconnected from both sides.
}}

{{history|0.4.0|
* Locomotive uses fuel.
* Locomotive and Car are minable
* Easier riding in locomotive and car (accelerate vs. brake vs. reverse)
* Automated train transportation. Trains can be given schedule to go to Train Stops (named after backers).
}}

{{history|0.2.8|
* Now shows health bar below locomotive.}}

{{history|0.2.1|
* Now emits light if active.}}

{{history|0.1.0|
* Introduced}}

==See also==
* [[Railway]]
* [[Cargo wagon]]
* [[Fluid wagon]]

{{LogisticsNav}}
{{C|Railway}}
{{C|Rolling stock}}

Military (research)

2025-01-22T08:07:16Z

Iridium235: Added links

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Military (research)}}
'''Military''' allows the [[player]] to upgrade their [[weapons]] and ammo. This is essential for defending against [[Enemies|enemy]] attacks.

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{TechNav}}

Fusion reactor

2025-01-22T08:02:15Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Fusion reactor}}
{{About/Space age}}
The '''fusion reactor''' generates [[plasma]]{{SA}} from [[fusion power cell]]{{SA}}, [[fluoroketone (cold)]]{{SA}}, and electricity. The plasma can be used in a [[fusion generator]]{{SA}} to generate power. Unlike the [[nuclear reactor]], a fusion fuel cell usage scales with the plasma output, so no energy is lost. A single reactor will output 100 MW worth of plasma. A single fusion power cell will be consumed in 400 seconds.

A reactor requires 10 MW of power to generate plasma. As such, starting a reactor setup requires some external power, but once plasma is in the generators, the reactor setup can power itself.

Fluoroketone is not permanently consumed by a fusion reactor setup; it is used as a coolant. The coolant is (effectively) converted into an equal amount of plasma by the reactor, and the generator generates hot fluoroketone based on how much plasma the generator consumes. So any cold fluoroketone consumed by a reactor will be regenerated by the generator. To keep the loop going, a [[cryogenic plant]] must cool the hot fluoroketone back to cold before recirculating it into the reactor.

Each reactor consumes at most 4 cold fluoroketone per second. Assuming no modules are used, 1 cryogenic plant can cool enough fluoroketone for one reactor.

== Achievements ==
Fusion reactors are directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|fusion-power}}

== Neighbour bonus ==
Like nuclear reactors, fusion reactors receive a bonus for adjacent operating reactors, which increases the energy potential of the outputting plasma by 100% per link. Fusion reactors have 2 connection on each side, so the highest bonus a reactor can practically receive, while still leaving room open for the necessary fluoroketone, is +500%.

Unlike other power generators, the heat of the plasma generated is variable. The neighbor bonus determines the heat of the plasma. With no bonus, the plasma generated is at 1 million °C. With a 100% bonus, the plasma generated is at 2 million °C and so on. Different reactors in an array can generate plasma at different temperatures, with the temperatures averaging out within the plasma fluid system. Fusion generators will generate power based on the heat of the plasma they are consuming, up to their maximum of 50 MW each.

This also means that the amount of cold fluoroketone consumed by the reactor to generate power does not change with the neighbor bonus. It will always be 4/s (modified by quality). Two disconnected reactors and generators will consume 4 cold fluoroketone per second at max power draw as two reactors with a neighbor bonus.

Of course, larger arrays of reactors and generators will require more fluoroketone to exist in the system, simply because there are more fluid pipes for the coolant and plasma to go through. But they do not require constantly adding more to the system.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}
* [[Fusion generator]]{{SA}}
* [[Power production]]
* [[Plasma]]{{SA}}

{{ProductionNav}}
{{C|Energy}}

Science pack

2025-01-22T08:01:00Z

Iridium235: /* Achievements */ Another achievement added to the list

{{Languages}}
Science packs are items which are required by [[lab]]s to perform [[research]]. Researching technologies requires a certain number of different types of science packs, which is then multiplied by a certain value to get the tech cost. For example, [[Physical projectile damage (research)|Physical projectile damage 3]] requires one automation science pack and one logistic science pack and one military science pack to begin researching, but it needs this to be input into labs a total of 300 times, raising the research cost to 300 automation science packs, 300 logistic science packs and 300 military science packs.

== Achievements ==
Creating science packs is directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-automation}}
{{Achievement|research-with-logistics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-chemicals}}
{{Achievement|research-with-military}}
{{Achievement|research-with-production}}
{{Achievement|research-with-utility}}
{{Achievement|research-with-space}}
{{Achievement|research-with-metallurgics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-electromagnetics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-agriculture}}
{{Achievement|research-with-cryogenics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-promethium}}
{{Achievement|rush-to-space}}

==Base Game Science Packs==
{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|copper plate|1}} + {{icon|iron gear wheel|1}} → {{icon|Automation science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|5.5}} {{icon|iron plate|2}} {{icon|copper plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|Time|6}} + {{icon|Transport belt|1}} + {{icon|Inserter|1}} → {{icon|Logistic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|8.75}} {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Piercing rounds magazine|1}} + {{icon|Grenade|1}} + {{Icon|Wall|2}} → {{icon|Military science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|23}} {{icon|Iron plate|9}} {{icon|Copper plate|5}} {{icon|Steel plate|1}} {{icon|Coal|10}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|Time|24}} + {{icon|Sulfur|1}} + {{icon|Advanced circuit|3}} + {{icon|Engine unit|2}} → {{icon|Chemical science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|52.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|6}} {{icon|Copper plate|15}} {{icon|Engine unit|2}} {{icon|Plastic bar|6}} {{icon|Sulfur|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Rail|30}} + {{icon|Electric furnace|1}} + {{icon|Productivity module|1}} → {{icon|Production science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|153.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|32.5}} {{icon|Copper plate|57.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|25}} {{icon|Plastic bar|20}} {{icon|Stone|15}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Processing unit|2}} + {{icon|Flying robot frame|1}} + {{icon|Low density structure|3}} → {{icon|Utility science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|104.75}} {{icon|Iron plate|3}} {{icon|Copper plate|64.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|15}} {{icon|Battery|2}} {{icon|Processing unit|2}} {{icon|Electric engine unit|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|Space science pack|1000}} per launched {{icon|Satellite}} || {{icon|Time|300}} {{icon|Iron plate|43.7}} {{icon|Copper plate|101.8}} {{icon|Steel plate|2.7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|19.9}} {{icon|Solid fuel|10.5}} {{icon|Sulfuric acid|15.5}}
|}


Or, broken down into the most basic components:
{| class="wikitable"
! Per 1 !! colspan="5" | Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|2}} || {{icon|copper plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} || {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|7}} || {{icon|copper plate|2.5}} || {{icon|coal|5}} || || {{icon|stone|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|12}} || {{icon|copper plate|7.5}} || {{icon|coal|1.5}} || {{icon|crude oil|38.46}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|52.5}} || {{icon|copper plate|19.17}} || {{icon|coal|3.33}} || {{icon|crude oil|68.38}} || {{icon|stone|11.67}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|33.33}} || {{icon|copper plate|49.83}} || {{icon|coal|3.83}} || {{icon|crude oil|106.84}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|57.54}}    || {{icon|copper plate|101.79}} || {{icon|coal|9.95}}    || {{icon|crude oil|306.92}}
|}

==Creating science packs==
The science packs and research are meant to guide players through the game by gradually increasing in complexity. At first the player has to create automation science packs by hand to research automation. Then the next goal is to create automation and logistic science automatically and to automatically feed the science packs into labs. These science packs allow research of most of the basic technologies.

If needed due to [[enemies]], the next step is to create military science packs to allow unlock higher tier combat-oriented products. Unlike previous science packs, military science produces two packs per crafting cycle versus just one per cycle from automation/logistic.

Following military science, chemical science packs should be created. This science pack incorporates a new 'raw' intermediary - [[plastic bar]]s necessitate the need to harvest and process [[crude oil]].

After chemical science, production science packs are next. Production science packs are a fair jump in complexity, as the required products have quite a few different intermediaries. Production packs yield three packs per crafting cycle.

The final stage of automated research pack creation is utility science pack. Utility sciences packs are the most complex packs to make, requiring a large chain of intermediate products. Utility science packs, like previous production science packs, yield three packs per crafting cycle.

Space science packs are yielded from launching satellites via rocket, and thus are difficult to automate effectively without massive resource-hungry bases. Unlike other science packs, space science packs are exclusively used to research repeating/infinite technologies - such as mining productivity or gun turret damage.

The ratio needed to keep science production in sync is 5:6:5:12:7:7, or:
* 5 Automation science pack assemblers
* 6 Logistic science pack assemblers
* 5 Military science pack assemblers
* 12 Chemical science pack assemblers
* 7 Production science pack assemblers
* 7 Utility science pack assemblers

The list above assumes that all science packs are being produced by the same tier of assembling machine. For example, if using plain [[assembling machine 3]] then packs will be produced at 75 items per minute.

==[[Space Age]]{{SA}} Science Packs==
The Space Age expansion adds five new types of science packs, and changes the recipe for [[space science pack]]. Each is only able to be crafted on a specific planet or a [[space platform]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Crafted on !! Made in !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Space platform hub}} || {{icon|assembling machine}} {{icon|assembling machine 2}} {{icon|assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|Time|15}} + {{icon|carbon|1}} + {{icon|ice|1}} + {{icon|iron plate|2}} → {{icon|Space science pack|5}} || {{icon|Time|15}} + {{icon|carbon|1}} + {{icon|ice|1}} + {{icon|iron plate|2}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Metallurgic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Vulcanus}} || {{icon|Foundry}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|molten copper|200}} + {{icon|tungsten carbide|3}} + {{icon|tungsten plate|2}} → {{icon|Metallurgic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|molten copper|200}} + {{icon|tungsten carbide|3}} + {{icon|tungsten plate|2}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Electromagnetic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Fulgora}} || {{icon|Electromagnetic plant}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Accumulator|1}} + {{icon|Electrolyte|25}} + {{icon|Holmium solution|25}} + {{icon|Supercapacitor|1}} → {{icon|Electromagnetic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Accumulator|1}} + {{icon|Electrolyte|25}} + {{icon|Holmium solution|25}} + {{icon|Supercapacitor|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Agricultural science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Gleba}} || {{icon|Biochamber}} || {{icon|Time|4}} + {{icon|Bioflux|1}} + {{icon|Pentapod egg|1}} → {{icon|Agricultural science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|4}} + {{icon|Bioflux|1}} + {{icon|Pentapod egg|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Aquilo}} || {{icon|Cryogenic plant}} || {{icon|Time|20}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (cold)|6}} + {{icon|Ice|3}} + {{icon|Lithium plate|1}} → {{icon|Cryogenic science pack|1}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (hot)|3}} || {{icon|Time|20}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (cold)|6}} + {{icon|Ice|3}} + {{icon|Lithium plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Promethium science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Space platform hub}} || {{icon|Cryogenic plant}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|Biter egg|10}} + {{icon|Promethium asteroid chunk|25}} + {{icon|Quantum processor|1}} → {{icon|promethium science pack|10}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|Biter egg|10}} + {{icon|Promethium asteroid chunk|25}} + {{icon|Quantum processor|1}}
|}

Note that Agricultural science packs are subject to [[Spoilage mechanics|spoilage]]. Their freshness also reduces their science value.

==[[Productivity module]] vs [[Quality module]] {{SA}}==

Quality science pack decreases science pack drain, while production science outputs additional science packs from the same amount of input. Assuming that you are only using common ingredients and a single 1 tier module, and that all quality levels have been researched:

=== [[Quality module|Quality module:]] ===
* '''0.9%''' chance to create at least 1 uncommon science pack, which lasts '''100%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 2 science packs).
* '''0.09%''' chance to create 1 rare science pack, which lasts '''200%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 3 science packs).
* '''0.009%''' chance to create 1 epic science pack, which lasts '''300%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 4 science packs).
* '''0.001%''' chance to create 1 legendary science pack, which lasts '''500%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 6 science packs).

Overall, this represents approximately '''1.1112%''' extra science for the same number of inputs.

=== [[Productivity module|Productivity module:]] ===
* '''1''' extra product every '''25''' normal products.

This provides approximately '''4%''' extra science for the same number of inputs.

=== Comparison ===

* Productivity is more resource efficient, as it provides more science progress for the same amount of resources.
* Quality is more space/rocket efficient, as higher quality packs take up the same amount of space.
* Quality has a special effect on Agricultural science packs, as quality increases their spoil time. This means that a higher quality pack will not only have more science value, it will lose less of that value over the same time period as a lower one.
* In situations where the [[foundry]] isn't being used for casting copper or iron, inserting quality modules in mining drills and utilizing quality ores for making ingredients for science packs can be more resource-efficient if the bonus from mining productivity research exceeds +300%. This is much slower than using [[speed module]]s (which are antagonistic to quality), and requires designing a base around handling multiple quality levels.
** Casting metals with foundries is not compatible with this strategy, as ores are turned into molten metal which, as a fluid, doesn't retain quality. With productivity modules, foundries are more resource-efficient and faster for processing metals for science packs than furnaces smelting quality ores, but this requires importing [[calcite]], as neither [[Nauvis]] or [[Gleba]] (the two planets that commonly produce ores) have this as a local resource.

Do note that quality modules cannot be combined with [[speed module]]s or speed [[beacon]]s for smaller builds, while productivity modules can.

==See also==
* [[Research]]

{{C|Science packs}}

Quality

2025-01-22T08:00:16Z

Iridium235: /* Achievements */ Another achievement added to the list

{{Languages}}
{{Boilerplate
|icon=No-building-material-icon.png
|line-1=This article is a lacking sources for details of upcoming changes.
|line-2=You can help this wiki by [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} adding them].}}
{{About/Space age}}

'''Quality''' is a feature of the [[Space Age]] expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the producing structure. The two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond in the tooltip.

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independent of most Space Age content.

== Achievements ==
Quality is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
{{Achievement|make-it-better}}
{{Achievement|my-modules-are-legendary}}

== Quality tiers ==
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
* [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal (0)
* [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon (1)
* [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare (2)
* [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic (3)
* [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary ('''5''')

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

== Technologies ==
Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Research !! Base Game !! {{SA}} Space Age !! Unlocks
|-
| {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}} x 300
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}} x 500
| [[File:quality_uncommon.png|32px]] [[File:quality_rare.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_epic.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Metallurgic science pack}}{{icon|Electromagnetic science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}}{{icon|Cryogenic science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_legendary.png|32px]]
|-
|}

== Quality effects ==
The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:
* +30% health
* +30% crafting speed
* +30% robot limit (rounded down)
* +30% robot recharge rate (both number and speed, rounded down)
* +30% positive module effects (rounded down for at least quality modules)
* +10% turret range
* +10% weapon range
* +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
* +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
* +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
* +30% increased ammo damage
* +30% inserter rotation speed
* -16.67% (1/6) resource drain on miners.
** This is multiplicative with productivity
* +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
* +30% output rate on [[boiler]]s, [[steam engine]]s, [[steam turbine]]s, [[accumulator]]s (also affects input rate), and [[nuclear reactor]]s
** Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
* −16% power consumption on beacons
* +1 to both continuous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in [[radar]]s
* +100% durability on consumable items ([[repair pack]]s, [[science pack]]s)
* +5% fork chance on the [[tesla turret]] and tesla ammo for the tesla gun

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) [[Productivity module 3]] (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings only get increased health, with no special effect. Examples are:
*Buildings related to [[Circuit network]]s and [[Rail signal]]s
*[[Transport belt]]s
*[[Pipe]]s
*[[Wall]]s
*[[Locomotive|Trains]]
*[[Cargo wagon]]s

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quality Effects
|-
! Item !! Effect !! [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon !! [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare !! [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_1.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 1]] || Health || 300 || 390 || 480 || 570 || 750
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.5 || 0.65 || 0.8 || 0.95 || 1.25
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_2.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 2]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.75 || 0.975 || 1.2 || 1.425 || 1.875
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_3.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 3]] || Health || 400 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 1000
|-
| Crafting speed || 1.25 || 1.625 || 2 || 2.375 || 3.125
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:construction_robot.png|15px]] [[Construction robot]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Max flying reach || 571m || 1152m || 1728m || 2305m || 3457m
|-
| Energy capacity || 3MJ || 6MJ || 9MJ || 12MJ || 18MJ
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:inserter.png|15px]] [[Inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 15.1kW || 19.51kW || 23.92kW || 28.33kW || 37.15kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 302°/s || 393°/s || 484°/s || 575°/s || 756°/s
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:fast_inserter.png|15px]] [[Fast inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 59.3kW || 76.94kW || 94.58kW || 112kW || 148kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 864°/s || 1123°/s || 1382°/s || 1642°/s || 2160°/s
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:iron_chest.png|15px]] [[Iron chest]] || Health || 200 || 260 || 320 || 380 || 500
|-
| Storage size || 32 || 41 || 51 || 60 || 80
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:laser_turret.png|15px]] [[Laser turret]] || Health || 1000 || 1300 || 1600 || 1900 || 2500
|-
| Range || 24 tiles || 26.4 tiles || 28.8 tiles || 31.2 tiles || 36 tiles
|-

| rowspan="1" | [[File:pipe.png|15px]] [[Pipe]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:roboport.png|15px]] [[Roboport]] || Health || 500 || 650 || 800 || 950 || 1250
|-
| Energy consumption || 2.1MW || 2.7MW || 3.3MW || 3.9MW || 5.1MW
|-
| Robot recharge rate || 4 x 500kW || 4 x 650kW || 4 x 800kW || 4 x 950kW || 4 x 1.25MW
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:small_electric_pole.png|15px]] [[Small electric pole]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Supply area || 5x5 || 7x7 || 9x9 || 11x11 || 15x15
|-
| Wire reach || 7.5 tiles || 9.5 tiles || 11.5 tiles || 13.5 tiles || 17.5 tiles
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:steel_chest.png|15px]] [[Steel chest]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Storage size || 48 || 62 || 76 || 91 || 120
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:wooden_chest.png|15px]] [[Wooden chest]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Storage size || 16 || 20 || 25 || 30 || 40

|}

== Creating high-quality items ==

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

=== Quality ingredients ===
Recipes that create items have variations for each quality that the item might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon [[iron plate]]s with rare [[battery|batteries]] to make an [[accumulator]] of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same [[lubricant]] can be used to create [[electric engine unit]]s of any quality.

=== Quality modules ===
{{Main|Quality module}}
[[File:quality_module_animated.png|64px|right]]'''Quality modules''' allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Module|Quality}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module}}
| +1% || +1.3% || +1.6% || +1.9% || +2.5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_2}}
| +2% || +2.6% || +3.2% || +3.8% || +5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_3}}
| +2.5% || +3.2% || +4% || +4.7% || +6.2%
|}

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to ''improve'' quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance, the following tables present expected outputs for each level of research.
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 9/1000 || Q * 1/1000
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 || Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]
| - || - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>

==== Examples ====
<div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px; vertical-align:top;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 2× {{Icon|quality_module_2|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 4%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 96% || 3.6% || 0.4%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 96% || 4%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 10%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.09% || 0.01%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.1%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 90% || 9% || 1%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 90% || 10%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} → Q = 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.2232% || 0.0248%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.248%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.48%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 75.2% || 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div>

==== Optimal module usage ====
It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the recycler only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts (rounded up) needed to produce 1 legendary output using ideal ratios of quality module 3s to productivity module 3s, with 4 matching quality module 3 in the recycler.

It is important to emphasize that these ratios maximize return per input material. If input capacity isn't a concern and the goal is speed rather than material efficiency, then switch out productivity modules for quality modules as needed. Beware, however, that in many cases material inefficiency nearly keeps pace with the legendary output rate.

<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 891
|-
| 3 || 0% || 0 || 3 || 533
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 342
|-
| 4 || 50% || 0 || 4 || 97
|-
| 5 || 50% || 1 || 4 || 67
|-
| 8 || 0% || 4 || 4 || 70
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 608
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 356
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 212
|-
| 4 || 50% || 1 || 3 || 62
|-
| 5 || 50% || 2 || 3 || 40
|-
| 8 || 0% || 5 || 3 || 34
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 309
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 153
|-
| 4 || 0% || 2 || 2 || 80
|-
| 4 || 50% || 3 || 1 || 25
|-
| 5 || 50% || 4 || 1 || 14
|-
| 8 || 0% || 8 || 0 || 7
|}</div>
For example, suppose legendary T3 modules are available and the goal is to produce legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]]. If each electromagnetic plant producing epic quality or below has 4 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] and 1 legendary [[File:quality_module_3.png|link=Quality module 3|20px]], and the electromagnetic plant with the legendary recipe has 5 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]], then on average an input of 280 normal [[File:Electronic_circuit.png|link=Electronic circuit|20px]] and 28 normal [[File:Advanced_circuit.png|link=Advanced circuit|20px]] is expected to produce 1 legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]].

===== Derivation =====
Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))|| (1 + P) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + P) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * Q * 9/10 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/100 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/1000 || (1 + P) * Q * 1/1000
|}

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + -0.75) * (1-Q) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (100 - 10-1)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| 0.25 * (1-Q) || 0.25 * Q * 9/10|| 0.25 * Q * 9/100 || 0.25 * Q * 9/1000 || 0.25 * Q * 1/1000
|}

For example, recycling an uncommon ingredient with a Q of 25%:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| style="background:#424242" | [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]] || - || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
|}

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see Stochastic Matrix on wikipedia) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid; text-align:center;"
! !! style="border-left:2px solid" | I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
! style="border-left:2px solid" | P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.003375 || 0.000375
|-
! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.00375
|-
! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.0375
|-
! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.375
|-
! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.5
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.0005625 || 0.0000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.00625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.0625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|}

To iterate this matrix (M) apply the matrix to itself. For example, M6 would indicate 6 iterations, corresponding to 3 crafting steps and 3 recycling steps. To see how much 1 ingredient set produces after a given iteration, x, multiply an input vector by Mx. The vector format follows that of the matrix labels, so with the table arranged as above, left multiply a row vector of ingredient(s) by the matrix. In order to see the expected product of 1 set of normal ingredients, the vector will have '1' in the first column and '0's everywhere else. Likewise, a set of uncommon ingredients will correspond to '1' in the second column of the vector.

It is important to note that since the recycling step has a material loss of 75% most recycling loops will be well behaved and converge quickly.

Extreme productivity from research breaks this pattern and will prevent convergence, but this simply means that there is a positive material cycle, so 1 set of ingredients will produce infinite legendary crafts, on average. The closer the total productivity is to 400%, the slower the convergence of the matrix iteration and the higher you need to calculate x in Mx.


== Usage tips ==
=== Using quality to increase production ===
There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:
* Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
* Increasing the quality of [[speed module]]s will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
* Increasing the quality of [[productivity module]]s will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
* Increasing the quality of [[beacon]]s will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where [[electronic circuit]]s are made using one [[electromagnetic plant]] with five [[productivity module 3]]s, which is surrounded by 12 [[beacon]]s with two [[speed module 3]]s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered [[express transport belt]]). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half [[turbo transport belt]]s with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

=== Using quality to save space ===
Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a [[space platform]], where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

== Relevant Factorio Friday Facts ==
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-375 FFF 375 - Quality]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-376 FFF 376 - Research and Technology]

== Trivia ==
* Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the [[player]] character.
** Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled [[biter egg]]s, [[captive biter spawner]]s, and [[pentapod egg]]s inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters chose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{C|Main}}

Mech armor

2025-01-22T07:59:20Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Mech_armor}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Mech armor''' is the strongest armor in the game. It also allows the [[player]] to freely fly over all obstacles, including oceans of liquids such as [[water]] or [[lava]]. It even protects the player from being hit by [[train]]s by automatically flying over them. On top of being the most resilient armor, it also provides the largest inventory bonus and contains the most [[Equipment modules|equipment slots]] out of all types of armor. Access the equipment grid by right-clicking on the armor.

Equipping the armor adds 50 slots to the player's inventory. As with all modular armors, taking off the armor will remove the inventory bonus, and any items in the extra inventory slots will prevent the player from unequipping the armor.

Smoke clouds from [[Enemies#Demolishers|demolishers]] disable the mech armor's flying ability and forces the player to land. The armor will land even if it was over an unwalkable location (e.g lava).

== Achievements ==
{{Achievement|look-at-my-shiny-rare-armor}}
{{Achievement|no-room-for-more}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths=190px heights=200px>
File:mech_armor_fly_over_water.png|Flying over water with the mech armor.
File:mech_armor_fly_over_trees.png|Flying over trees.
File:mech_armor_gui.png|Mech armor GUI.
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
* A legendary mech armor filled with legendary [[exoskeleton]]s can outrun the map generation, so entities and decoratives will not be displayed for a few seconds.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.}}

== See also ==
* [[Armor]]
* [[Modular armor]]
* [[Power armor]]
* [[Power armor MK2]]
* [[Resistances]]

{{CombatNav}}
{{C|Armor}}

Space platform

2025-01-22T07:58:02Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
[[File:Space platform.jpg|thumb|Space platform example provided by Wube in [https://factorio.com/blog/post/fff-381 Friday Facts #381 - Space Platforms]]]

'''Space platforms''' are factories that can be built in space. Each space platform is a self-contained factory supported by a [[space platform hub]].

== Achievements ==
Space platforms are directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|reach-for-the-stars}}

== Purpose ==
Broadly speaking, there are three purposes which space platforms might serve:
* To craft recipes that can only be crafted in space, such as manufacturing [[space science pack]]s.
* To transport players and items between planets.
* To collect and process [[asteroids]].

== Creation and deletion ==
Space platforms are created by loading a [[space platform starter pack]] into a rocket and pressing the button to create a new space platform. Alternatively, players may order the creation of a space platform from the remote view through the list on the top-left corner of the screen, in which case the necessary space platform starter pack is treated as a request from a not-yet-existing space platform around the specified planet. Either way, players are then allowed to name their new space platform. Note that space platforms can later be renamed from the menus of their space platform hubs.

Platforms can be deleted. After confirming that the platform is to be deleted, the deleted platform goes into a queue, which is shown at the bottom of the platform list in the remote view. Should the player regret their decision, then this gives five minutes to decide if they want to undo the removal of the platform before it is permanently deleted.

If the platform hub is destroyed, the entire space platform and all of its contents are lost. If any [[player]] is aboard when this happens, the player will respawn at the last planet they were at before going to space.

== Construction ==
Unlike planetary surfaces, space platforms can only be edited by using the remote view. Therefore, players will order the construction of a space platform by placing ghosts. Instead of [[construction robot]]s being used for constructing the space platform, the platform itself will automatically construct ghost entities and move ghost items to and from the platform hub as soon as materials are available and these actions are not obstructed. If the necessary materials are not available, they will be automatically requested from the planet where the space platform is stationed, if the appropriate option is enabled in the platform's logistic requests section.

A newly-created space platform consists of a 10×10 square of [[space platform foundation]] with a [[space platform hub]] in its center, all surrounded by empty space. Unlike most buildings, the space platform hub cannot be removed, and its destruction directly results in the loss of the entire space platform.

As nothing can be built on empty space, the platform must first be expanded with more space platform foundation. The platform's foundation must consist of a single connected area with no detached islands, and holes of empty space surrounded by foundation are not allowed. Should these rules be broken, then the violating tiles will not be built or removed before the issue is resolved.

[[Asteroid collector]]s and [[thruster]]s can only be built on the edge of the platform. In particular, thrusters can only be built on the southern edge, and no foundation can be built within the rectangular area extending from the southern edge of the thruster towards infinity.

The entire platform surface functions as an [[electric system|electric network]], so space platforms do not need any power poles.

=== Placement restrictions ===
Some entities cannot be placed on space platforms:
* [[Chests]] can't be placed on platforms. The main storage structure is the platform hub.
* [[Robots]] and [[roboport]]s don't function in space, and no [[railway]] entities can be placed.
* [[Burner devices]] can't be placed on platforms. According to [https://factorio.com/blog/post/fff-381 FFF-381], this is to add "a bit of realism as there's no atmosphere in space".
* Space platforms have particular surface conditions, so buildings which have restrictions may not be placed on them. This is the same as for any other surface.

Electric poles can be built, but the global electric network covering the entire platform powers all devices. As such, electric poles are only useful as a way to [[circuit network|wire together]] distant entities.

== Transport between planets and space platforms ==

To transport players and items between a planet's surface and a space platform, the space platform must be stationed in orbit around the planet.

Items are delivered up to a platform by launching a [[rocket]] from a [[rocket silo]]. This can be done in one of three ways:
* Filling the rocket manually or by using inserters, then manually sending the rocket towards the space platform by using the rocket silo's menu. This method allows sending rockets with several different types of items inside the same rocket, but cannot be automated.
* Assigning logistic requests to the space platform hub, then filling a rocket with items of a type that is being requested, either manually or using by inserters. The rocket will then launch automatically. Only one type of item may be sent per rocket using this method.
* Assigning logistic requests to the space platform hub while having a rocket silo set to request items from the logistic network. This allows [[logistic robot]]s to fill the rocket automatically, and the rocket will launch automatically when full. Only one type of item will be sent per rocket.

The space platform hub will automatically request any items that are needed for construction of the platform. Automatic requests can receive items from any planet, whereas manual requests will only be fulfilled at one planet specified by the player. For manual requests, it is also possible to set a custom minimum payload per rocket instead of only accepting full rockets.

Items can be sent to a planet orbited by a space platform in one of two ways:
* Manually moving items into the platform hub's orbital drop slots.
* Assigning logistic requests to a planet's [[cargo landing pad]].

The items will then be carried to the planet's surface by [[cargo pod]]s. If the planet has a cargo landing pad, then the cargo pods will go there, placing their payloads directly inside the cargo landing pad's inventory (spilling the items if the cargo landing pad is already full). Otherwise, the cargo pod will land at a random location near the planet's spawn point. Landed cargo pods will wait for players to collect their payloads, and are automatically destroyed when emptied.

Unlike transfers from a planet's surface to a space platform, transfers from space platforms to planetary surfaces come at no material costs despite the appearance of a cargo pod.

== Passengers ==
Characters can travel to space platforms by riding a rocket, and can likewise leave the platform in a cargo pod.

One character traveling to a space platform takes up an entire rocket, and is not allowed to carry any items in their inventory, except for their equipped weapons and armor (but not ammunition). All other items must be transferred to the space platform hub in separate rockets.

Players aboard space platforms are locked inside the space platform hub, unable to move. The player is therefore locked into remote view until they drop their character to a planetary surface. Note that there is no way to access a player's inventory while in this state.

[[Biter egg]]s and [[pentapod egg]]s that spoil on the platform (either in the hub or on a belt) produce enemy entities like normal. These enemies do not suffocate, nor are they damaged by the environment. They will attack nearby structures as normal.

== Travel ==
Space platforms with one or more [[thruster]]s are able to perform voyages between different space locations, such as planets. The more thrusters that are installed on a platform, the faster the platform can get to its destination, but this also causes asteroids to appear faster and threaten the platform. When the thrusters are stopped while in mid-destination, the platform will slowly move toward the destination it's closer to via gravitational pull.

=== Weight ===
Platform weight depends on how many [[space platform foundation]] tiles the platform has. Each tile of [[space platform foundation]] weighs 200kg or 0.2 tons. The [[space platform hub]] itself weighs 20 tons. Notably, extra [[cargo bay]]s do not increase the platform's weight (aside from requiring [[space platform foundation]] under them).

=== Planetary schedules ===
Travel between planets can be automated, in a manner similar to using [[railway|trains]]. Clicking on the [[space platform hub]] will bring up its GUI. Individual planets can be added to the platform's schedule by clicking the "add station" button. A popup will appear with all currently unlocked space destinations. When one is selected, another button appears for selecting a wait condition from a drop-down list. Like trains, wait conditions are used to tell the platform when to leave the planet's orbit. If no wait condition is selected, the platform will continue to its next stop, if one exists. One can also select if the platform will unload cargo at a planet. If this option is deselected, platforms will not drop any items down to planets automatically.
[[File:Space_station_hub_gui.png|thumb|300px|The space platform's GUI. There is one station set for the [[solar system edge]]. ]]

When set to "automatic" mode, the platform will automatically fly to the designated planet. If attempting to travel to a planet that has no direct route to, the platform will fill in any gaps along the way. For example, attempting to fly from [[Vulcanus]] to [[Fulgora]] will have a platform automatically fly to [[Nauvis]] first.

There are 12 types of wait conditions, many of them unique to space platforms:
* '''All requests satisfied''': All requests for the current planet have been satisfied.
* '''Any request not satisfied''': At least one request for the current planet is not satisfied.
* '''Any request zero''': At least one request for the current planet is satisfied.
* '''Circuit condition''': A condition is met from the [[circuit network]], or one of the platform's built in control signals.
* '''Damage taken''': The platform has received a certain value of damage, defaulting to 1,000.
* '''Inactivity''': No items were received or dropped out of the hub for the specified amount of seconds.
* '''Item count''': The hub contains a specific amount of a certain item.
* '''Passenger not present''': No players are present on the platform.
* '''Passenger present''': At least one player is present on the platform.
* '''Request not satisfied''': A specific request for any planet is not satisfied. Items not requested cannot be set.
* '''Request satisfied''': A specific request for any planet is satisfied. Items not requested cannot be set.
* '''Time passed'''

Additionally, platforms can make use of [[Railway#Schedule interrupts|schedule interrupts]], which behave exactly like trains.

The one exception to wait conditions is when traveling to the [[shattered planet]]. When this is selected, the wait condition becomes a "fly condition". Whatever condition is set will trigger while en-route to the shattered planet as if the platform was already stopped there. This is because the player is not intended to actually reach the shattered planet (though it is possible), and so the fly condition becomes a way to easily turn the platform around at a certain time.

The platform hub is able to be connected to the circuit network, with the following reactions:
* '''Read contents''': The hub will output its contents to the circuit network
* '''Send to platform''': Any signals on wires will be passed to the hub, allowing them to be used for wait conditions
* '''Read moving to''': The platform will output the planet at the end of the current space route with a value of 1.
* '''Read moving from''': The platform will output the planet at the beginning of the current space route with a value of 2.
** If both "moving from" and "moving to" are selected, a platform stopped at a planet will output the planet's signal with a value of 3.
* '''Read speed''': The platform will output its current velocity, defaulting to "V"
** A speed signal will only show as 0 when stopped at a planet. If a platform is stopped between planets for whatever reason, it will slowly drift into orbit of the nearest planet, giving the signal a value of 10 or -10.
* '''Read damage taken''': The platform will output the amount of damage taken in the current trip, defaulting to "D"

== Asteroids ==
{{main|asteroids}}

Space platforms regularly encounter [[asteroids]].

The smallest asteroids are called "chunks". Chunks can be collected by [[asteroid collector]]s and processed into various raw materials by [[crusher]]s. Among other uses, it is possible to convert these materials into [[thruster fuel]] and [[thruster oxidizer]].

Asteroids larger than chunks may also appear. However, they cannot be grabbed by asteroid collectors, and will damage the space platform upon impact. They can be targeted by turrets, and can be broken into multiple smaller asteroids by reducing their health to 0. This is done repeatedly until they become chunks.

During voyages, the number and relative velocity of asteroids increases proportionally to the platform's speed. It is therefore dangerous for a space platform to travel faster than it can destroy the asteroids that it will encounter. Different locations contain different amounts of each type of asteroid, and routes between locations may vary these numbers over the course of a journey. For example, only chunks will appear in stationary orbit around [[Nauvis]], thus providing a safe building environment free of larger asteroids that may damage the platform.

== Access to basic resources ==
* [[Water]] can be obtained from [[oxide asteroid chunk]]s via [[oxide asteroid crushing]] and [[ice melting]].
* [[Stone]] is not obtainable and must be brought up from planets.
* [[Iron ore]] can be obtained from [[metallic asteroid chunk]]s via [[metallic asteroid crushing]].
* [[Copper ore]] can be obtained from [[metallic asteroid chunk]]s via [[advanced metallic asteroid crushing]].
* [[Coal]] can be obtained from [[carbonic asteroid chunk]]s via [[coal synthesis]] by using [[carbon]] and [[sulfur]] from [[advanced carbonic asteroid crushing]].
* [[Crude oil]] is not obtainable. However:
** [[Sulfur]] can be obtained via [[advanced carbonic asteroid crushing]].
** [[Heavy oil]] can be obtained via [[simple coal liquefaction]] using [[calcite]] obtained from [[advanced oxide asteroid crushing]].

== History ==
{{history|2.0.23|
* Added an error message when manually trying to launch a rocket to a full space platform.
* Changed space platforms to not delete items on the ground when deconstructing them.}}

{{history|2.0.14|
* Deletion of space platforms requires confirmation.}}

{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{SpaceNav}}

Quality

2025-01-22T07:56:24Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{Boilerplate
|icon=No-building-material-icon.png
|line-1=This article is a lacking sources for details of upcoming changes.
|line-2=You can help this wiki by [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} adding them].}}
{{About/Space age}}

'''Quality''' is a feature of the [[Space Age]] expansion. It introduces four higher quality levels for all items, structures and equipment with improved attributes. The goal of quality is to allow vertical factory upgrading as alternative to expansion in size. Items of higher quality are created by chance when using quality modules in the producing structure. The two highest quality tiers require technology not available on Nauvis. Different buildings and items can have different attributes that can be upgraded. When hovering over something, the attributes that will be upgraded with quality will be marked with a blue diamond in the tooltip.

While players are required to own Space Age to access this feature, quality is a separate mod, and can be activated independent of most Space Age content.

== Achievements ==
Quality is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|crafting-with-quality}}
{{Achievement|make-it-better}}

== Quality tiers ==
There are 5 quality tiers in vanilla gameplay, with tier strength in brackets:
* [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal (0)
* [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon (1)
* [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare (2)
* [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic (3)
* [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary ('''5''')

Note that legendary quality represents a 2-tier improvement over epic.

== Technologies ==
Certain tiers of quality cannot be created until they have been researched.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Research !! Base Game !! {{SA}} Space Age !! Unlocks
|-
| {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}} x 300
| {{icon|Time|30}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}} x 500
| [[File:quality_uncommon.png|32px]] [[File:quality_rare.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_epic.png|32px]]
|-
| {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}} x 5000
| {{icon|Time|60}}{{icon|Automation science pack}}{{icon|Logistic science pack}}{{icon|Chemical science pack}}{{icon|Production science pack}}{{icon|Utility science pack}}{{icon|Space science pack}}{{icon|Metallurgic science pack}}{{icon|Electromagnetic science pack}}{{icon|Agricultural science pack}}{{icon|Cryogenic science pack}} x 5000
| [[File:quality_legendary.png|32px]]
|-
|}

== Quality effects ==
The currently known effects of each level of quality are as follows:
* +30% health
* +30% crafting speed
* +30% robot limit (rounded down)
* +30% robot recharge rate (both number and speed, rounded down)
* +30% positive module effects (rounded down for at least quality modules)
* +10% turret range
* +10% weapon range
* +1 tile reach and +2 wire reach on power poles
* +1 equipment grid size (both dimensions)
* +30% chest inventory size (rounded down)
* +30% increased ammo damage
* +30% inserter rotation speed
* -16.67% (1/6) resource drain on miners.
** This is multiplicative with productivity
* +100% (+5 MJ) capacity on accumulators
* +30% output rate on [[boiler]]s, [[steam engine]]s, [[steam turbine]]s, [[accumulator]]s (also affects input rate), and [[nuclear reactor]]s
** Note that consumption and pollution are also increased at the same rate
* −16% power consumption on beacons
* +1 to both continuous coverage distance and exploration coverage distance in [[radar]]s
* +100% durability on consumable items ([[repair pack]]s, [[science pack]]s)
* +5% fork chance on the [[tesla turret]] and tesla ammo for the tesla gun

These effects are per quality strength and additive: a Legendary (5 tier-levels) [[Productivity module 3]] (base +10% productivity) would grant 25% productivity.

Some buildings only get increased health, with no special effect. Examples are:
*Buildings related to [[Circuit network]]s and [[Rail signal]]s
*[[Transport belt]]s
*[[Pipe]]s
*[[Wall]]s
*[[Locomotive|Trains]]
*[[Cargo wagon]]s

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Quality Effects
|-
! Item !! Effect !! [[File:quality_normal.png|15px]] Normal !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|15px]] Uncommon !! [[File:quality_rare.png|15px]] Rare !! [[File:quality_epic.png|15px]] Epic !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|15px]] Legendary
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_1.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 1]] || Health || 300 || 390 || 480 || 570 || 750
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.5 || 0.65 || 0.8 || 0.95 || 1.25
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_2.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 2]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Crafting speed || 0.75 || 0.975 || 1.2 || 1.425 || 1.875
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:assembling_machine_3.png|15px]] [[Assembling machine 3]] || Health || 400 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 1000
|-
| Crafting speed || 1.25 || 1.625 || 2 || 2.375 || 3.125
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:construction_robot.png|15px]] [[Construction robot]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Max flying reach || 571m || 1152m || 1728m || 2305m || 3457m
|-
| Energy capacity || 3MJ || 6MJ || 9MJ || 12MJ || 18MJ
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:inserter.png|15px]] [[Inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 15.1kW || 19.51kW || 23.92kW || 28.33kW || 37.15kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 302°/s || 393°/s || 484°/s || 575°/s || 756°/s
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:fast_inserter.png|15px]] [[Fast inserter]] || Health || 150 || 195 || 240 || 285 || 375
|-
| Energy consumption || 59.3kW || 76.94kW || 94.58kW || 112kW || 148kW
|-
| Rotation speed || 864°/s || 1123°/s || 1382°/s || 1642°/s || 2160°/s
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:iron_chest.png|15px]] [[Iron chest]] || Health || 200 || 260 || 320 || 380 || 500
|-
| Storage size || 32 || 41 || 51 || 60 || 80
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:laser_turret.png|15px]] [[Laser turret]] || Health || 1000 || 1300 || 1600 || 1900 || 2500
|-
| Range || 24 tiles || 26.4 tiles || 28.8 tiles || 31.2 tiles || 36 tiles
|-

| rowspan="1" | [[File:pipe.png|15px]] [[Pipe]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:roboport.png|15px]] [[Roboport]] || Health || 500 || 650 || 800 || 950 || 1250
|-
| Energy consumption || 2.1MW || 2.7MW || 3.3MW || 3.9MW || 5.1MW
|-
| Robot recharge rate || 4 x 500kW || 4 x 650kW || 4 x 800kW || 4 x 950kW || 4 x 1.25MW
|-

| rowspan="3" | [[File:small_electric_pole.png|15px]] [[Small electric pole]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Supply area || 5x5 || 7x7 || 9x9 || 11x11 || 15x15
|-
| Wire reach || 7.5 tiles || 9.5 tiles || 11.5 tiles || 13.5 tiles || 17.5 tiles
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:steel_chest.png|15px]] [[Steel chest]] || Health || 350 || 455 || 560 || 665 || 875
|-
| Storage size || 48 || 62 || 76 || 91 || 120
|-

| rowspan="2" | [[File:wooden_chest.png|15px]] [[Wooden chest]] || Health || 100 || 130 || 160 || 190 || 250
|-
| Storage size || 16 || 20 || 25 || 30 || 40

|}

== Creating high-quality items ==

There are two ways to create an item with above normal quality: The player must either use ingredient items of the same quality, or use quality modules for a random chance of a higher-quality item.

=== Quality ingredients ===
Recipes that create items have variations for each quality that the item might take. When setting such a recipe in a production unit, an ingredient quality must be selected. For these variations, the set of ingredients required is the same, except that all item ingredients must have the specified quality.

Item ingredient quality requirements are exact, not minimum. For example, one can not combine uncommon [[iron plate]]s with rare [[battery|batteries]] to make an [[accumulator]] of any quality. One must therefore ensure that high-quality items do not clog up belts and starve production units of lower-quality items.

As fluids do not possess any quality, they are exempt from ingredient quality requirements; the same [[lubricant]] can be used to create [[electric engine unit]]s of any quality.

=== Quality modules ===
{{Main|Quality module}}
[[File:quality_module_animated.png|64px|right]]'''Quality modules''' allow crafting machines to produce items of a higher quality than their ingredients. Each module adds a quality chance to a machine, depending on its tier and quality. See the following table for all quality chances:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Module|Quality}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module}}
| +1% || +1.3% || +1.6% || +1.9% || +2.5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_2}}
| +2% || +2.6% || +3.2% || +3.8% || +5%
|-
! {{Icon|quality_module_3}}
| +2.5% || +3.2% || +4% || +4.7% || +6.2%
|}

When working out the odds of improving quality, a machine starts with the sum of the quality chance of all its modules. When the machine produces an item, it performs a random roll with that chance to succeed. If it succeeds, the product is upgraded 1 level from its ingredients. If the product was upgraded, the machine repeats this process, now with a constant 10% chance of passing, rolling and upgrading until a roll fails.

When using quality ingredients as an input, the base quality is the quality of the recipe. You can only use items with the same quality as input.

Quality modules are only required to ''improve'' quality, crafting will always give the base quality of the used items. Additionally, the odds of improving from a given base quality is the same as improving the same number of tiers from Normal quality.

Where Q is quality chance, the following tables present expected outputs for each level of research.
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Quality module (research)|}} [[Quality module (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Epic quality (research)|}} [[Epic quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ {{icontech|Legendary quality (research)|}} [[Legendary quality (research)]]
!{{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]
| 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 ||Q * 9/1000 || Q * 1/1000
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]]
| - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 9/100 || Q * 1/100
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]
| - || - || 1 - Q || Q * 9/10|| Q * 1/10
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]
| - || - || - || 1 - Q || Q
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]
| - || - || - || - || 1
|}
</div>

==== Examples ====
<div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px; vertical-align:top;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 2× {{Icon|quality_module_2|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 4%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 96% || 3.6% || 0.4%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 96% || 4%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|16px]]}} → Q = 10%
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.09% || 0.01%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 90% || 9% || 0.9% || 0.1%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 90% || 9% || 1%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 90% || 10%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div><div style="display:inline-block; margin-right:20px;">
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
|+ 4× {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} → Q = 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|32px]]
| 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.2232% || 0.0248%
|-
! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|32px]]
| - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.232% || 0.248%
|-
! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|32px]]
| - || - || 75.2% || 22.32% || 2.48%
|-
! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|32px]]
| - || - || - || 75.2% || 24.8%
|-
! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|32px]]
| - || - || - || - || 100%
|}
</div>

==== Optimal module usage ====
It is optimal to improve quality on the lead-up to the target output item due to the recycler only giving back 25% of the input items, except for cases where the chosen item has a productivity research available, in which case looping through a recycler is optimal and has no added material cost (ignoring fluids).

The following tables summarize the number of normal crafts (rounded up) needed to produce 1 legendary output using ideal ratios of quality module 3s to productivity module 3s, with 4 matching quality module 3 in the recycler.

It is important to emphasize that these ratios maximize return per input material. If input capacity isn't a concern and the goal is speed rather than material efficiency, then switch out productivity modules for quality modules as needed. Beware, however, that in many cases material inefficiency nearly keeps pace with the legendary output rate.

<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 891
|-
| 3 || 0% || 0 || 3 || 533
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 342
|-
| 4 || 50% || 0 || 4 || 97
|-
| 5 || 50% || 1 || 4 || 67
|-
| 8 || 0% || 4 || 4 || 70
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 608
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 356
|-
| 4 || 0% || 1 || 3 || 212
|-
| 4 || 50% || 1 || 3 || 62
|-
| 5 || 50% || 2 || 3 || 40
|-
| 8 || 0% || 5 || 3 || 34
|}</div>
<div style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin-right:20px;">
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid; text-align:center;"
! Max Modules !! Base Prod. !! No. of {{Icon|productivity_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! No. of {{Icon|quality_module_3|[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|16px]]}} !! Crafts
|-
| 2 || 0% || 0 || 2 || 309
|-
| 3 || 0% || 1 || 2 || 153
|-
| 4 || 0% || 2 || 2 || 80
|-
| 4 || 50% || 3 || 1 || 25
|-
| 5 || 50% || 4 || 1 || 14
|-
| 8 || 0% || 8 || 0 || 7
|}</div>
For example, suppose legendary T3 modules are available and the goal is to produce legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]]. If each electromagnetic plant producing epic quality or below has 4 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]] and 1 legendary [[File:quality_module_3.png|link=Quality module 3|20px]], and the electromagnetic plant with the legendary recipe has 5 legendary [[File:productivity_module_3.png|link=Productivity module 3|20px]], then on average an input of 280 normal [[File:Electronic_circuit.png|link=Electronic circuit|20px]] and 28 normal [[File:Advanced_circuit.png|link=Advanced circuit|20px]] is expected to produce 1 legendary [[File:Processing_unit.png|link=Processing unit|20px]].

===== Derivation =====
Derivation of the tables above was as follows: Starting with 1 set of common ingredients, with an assembly quality chance of Q and total productivity bonus of P, the statistical expected number of product is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * (Q * (100 - 10-1))|| (1 + P) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + P) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + P) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| (1 + P) * (1 - Q) || (1 + P) * Q * 9/10 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/100 || (1 + P) * Q * 9/1000 || (1 + P) * Q * 1/1000
|}

In a similar vein, the same calculations can be done for recycling products, except that there is, in effect, -75% productivity bonus, where only a quarter of the items are returned.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| (1 + -0.75) * (1-Q) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (100 - 10-1)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-1 - 10-2)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * (10-2 - 10-3)) || (1 + -0.75) * (Q * 10-3)
|-
| 0.25 * (1-Q) || 0.25 * Q * 9/10|| 0.25 * Q * 9/100 || 0.25 * Q * 9/1000 || 0.25 * Q * 1/1000
|}

For example, recycling an uncommon ingredient with a Q of 25%:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! {{Diagonal split header|Input|Output}} !! [[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|20px]] !! [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|20px]] !! [[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|20px]] !! [[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|20px]] !! [[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|20px]]
|-
| style="background:#424242" | [[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|16px]] || - || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
|}

Combining these results allows a 'Transition Matrix' to be developed (see Stochastic Matrix on wikipedia) which after iteration can generate the expected number of legendary products from 1 set of common ingredients via matrix multiplication. An example matrix for P of 50% and Q of 25% for both recycling and assembly is copied below. Note that since legendary products are the goal, they are not recycled.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid; text-align:center;"
! !! style="border-left:2px solid" | I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
! style="border-left:2px solid" | P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]] !! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! I[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.003375 || 0.000375
|-
! I[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.03375 || 0.00375
|-
! I[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.3375 || 0.0375
|-
! I[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.125 || 0.375
|-
! I[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1.5
|- style="border-top:2px solid"
! P[[File:quality_normal.png|Normal|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.0005625 || 0.0000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_uncommon.png|Uncommon|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.005625 || 0.000625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_rare.png|Rare|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.05625 || 0.00625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_epic.png|Epic|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.1875 || 0.0625
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! P[[File:quality_legendary.png|Legendary|10px]]
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| style="border-left:2px solid" | 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|}

To iterate this matrix (M) apply the matrix to itself. For example, M6 would indicate 6 iterations, corresponding to 3 crafting steps and 3 recycling steps. To see how much 1 ingredient set produces after a given iteration, x, multiply an input vector by Mx. The vector format follows that of the matrix labels, so with the table arranged as above, left multiply a row vector of ingredient(s) by the matrix. In order to see the expected product of 1 set of normal ingredients, the vector will have '1' in the first column and '0's everywhere else. Likewise, a set of uncommon ingredients will correspond to '1' in the second column of the vector.

It is important to note that since the recycling step has a material loss of 75% most recycling loops will be well behaved and converge quickly.

Extreme productivity from research breaks this pattern and will prevent convergence, but this simply means that there is a positive material cycle, so 1 set of ingredients will produce infinite legendary crafts, on average. The closer the total productivity is to 400%, the slower the convergence of the matrix iteration and the higher you need to calculate x in Mx.


== Usage tips ==
=== Using quality to increase production ===
There are four ways in which quality can increase the output of a single production machine:
* Increasing the quality of the machine itself will improve its base crafting speed.
* Increasing the quality of [[speed module]]s will increase the effect of their speed improvements.
* Increasing the quality of [[productivity module]]s will increase their productivity bonus without reducing crafting speed. Since extra items obtained from the productivity bonus do not take extra time to produce, this will also increase the number of items produced over time.
* Increasing the quality of [[beacon]]s will increase their transmission efficiency. If they contain speed modules, then the effect of these modules is increased.

These four options share a powerful synergy, as they react multiplicatively with one another. This makes it possible to achieve very high production rates with very few machines when compared to only using normal quality items. For example, imagine a setup where [[electronic circuit]]s are made using one [[electromagnetic plant]] with five [[productivity module 3]]s, which is surrounded by 12 [[beacon]]s with two [[speed module 3]]s, each. With normal quality, this will achieve an output rate of almost 45 items per second (almost enough to saturate one non-layered [[express transport belt]]). However, if the electromagnetic plant and all beacons and modules have legendary quality, the output rate becomes slightly more than 600 items per second (enough to saturate two and a half [[turbo transport belt]]s with four layers of items). This is more than 13 times as many items as without quality.

It should be noted that quality beacons are the only one of these factors that may increase energy consumption over time, as the transmission effect is also applied to the energy cost of speed modules. However, this is offset or even negated by the reduced energy consumption of the beacons themselves (which is also affected by quality), especially with high beacon counts wherein the transmission effect is subject to diminishing returns. For speed modules, productivity modules, and the machine itself, only the speed increase, productivity bonus, and base crafting speed are affected, respectively.

The increased transmission effect of high-quality beacons is also notable because unlike when increasing the number of beacons, there are no diminishing returns for increasing their quality (aside from the exponentially increasing cost of producing those higher-quality beacons in the first place). This means that, despite a legendary beacon only being 1.66 times as powerful as a normal-quality beacon, one would need 0.36 times as many legendary beacons as normal ones to achieve the same effect. Aside from making more powerful beacon setups, this can also be used to save space by achieving the same effect with fewer beacons, thereby leaving more room for machines and belts.

Higher-quality machines are also particularly useful for producing quality items as, unlike speed modules, machine quality does not reduce the chance of increasing a product's quality.

=== Using quality to save space ===
Another use for quality is decreasing the amount of buildings needed to perform the same production. This is particularly useful in a [[space platform]], where small, compact designs are rewarded with increased speed, as well as needing fewer rockets to build the platform.

== Relevant Factorio Friday Facts ==
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-375 FFF 375 - Quality]
* [https://www.factorio.com/blog/post/fff-376 FFF 376 - Research and Technology]

== Trivia ==
* Quality is not technically exclusive to player-made entities; Though this does not occur naturally, quality is also allowed on enemies, asteroids, and even the [[player]] character.
** Some enemies with qualities above normal can even be created in regular sandbox gameplay: Big biters, behemoth biters, and big premature wriggler pentapods born from spoiled [[biter egg]]s, [[captive biter spawner]]s, and [[pentapod egg]]s inherit the quality of the spoiled items, with the latter two being possible to craft with quality modules. Furthermore, a starved captured biter spawner will retain its quality upon converting into a hostile biter spawner, with said quality even being inherited by the biters that it will spawn. Should these biters chose to expand, they may also create quality spitters and worms.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

{{C|Main}}

Science pack

2025-01-22T07:50:46Z

Iridium235: /* Achievements */ Another achievement added to the list

{{Languages}}
Science packs are items which are required by [[lab]]s to perform [[research]]. Researching technologies requires a certain number of different types of science packs, which is then multiplied by a certain value to get the tech cost. For example, [[Physical projectile damage (research)|Physical projectile damage 3]] requires one automation science pack and one logistic science pack and one military science pack to begin researching, but it needs this to be input into labs a total of 300 times, raising the research cost to 300 automation science packs, 300 logistic science packs and 300 military science packs.

== Achievements ==
Creating science packs is directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-automation}}
{{Achievement|research-with-logistics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-chemicals}}
{{Achievement|research-with-military}}
{{Achievement|research-with-production}}
{{Achievement|research-with-utility}}
{{Achievement|research-with-space}}
{{Achievement|research-with-metallurgics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-electromagnetics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-agriculture}}
{{Achievement|research-with-cryogenics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-promethium}}

==Base Game Science Packs==
{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|copper plate|1}} + {{icon|iron gear wheel|1}} → {{icon|Automation science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|5.5}} {{icon|iron plate|2}} {{icon|copper plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|Time|6}} + {{icon|Transport belt|1}} + {{icon|Inserter|1}} → {{icon|Logistic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|8.75}} {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Piercing rounds magazine|1}} + {{icon|Grenade|1}} + {{Icon|Wall|2}} → {{icon|Military science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|23}} {{icon|Iron plate|9}} {{icon|Copper plate|5}} {{icon|Steel plate|1}} {{icon|Coal|10}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|Time|24}} + {{icon|Sulfur|1}} + {{icon|Advanced circuit|3}} + {{icon|Engine unit|2}} → {{icon|Chemical science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|52.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|6}} {{icon|Copper plate|15}} {{icon|Engine unit|2}} {{icon|Plastic bar|6}} {{icon|Sulfur|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Rail|30}} + {{icon|Electric furnace|1}} + {{icon|Productivity module|1}} → {{icon|Production science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|153.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|32.5}} {{icon|Copper plate|57.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|25}} {{icon|Plastic bar|20}} {{icon|Stone|15}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Processing unit|2}} + {{icon|Flying robot frame|1}} + {{icon|Low density structure|3}} → {{icon|Utility science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|104.75}} {{icon|Iron plate|3}} {{icon|Copper plate|64.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|15}} {{icon|Battery|2}} {{icon|Processing unit|2}} {{icon|Electric engine unit|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|Space science pack|1000}} per launched {{icon|Satellite}} || {{icon|Time|300}} {{icon|Iron plate|43.7}} {{icon|Copper plate|101.8}} {{icon|Steel plate|2.7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|19.9}} {{icon|Solid fuel|10.5}} {{icon|Sulfuric acid|15.5}}
|}


Or, broken down into the most basic components:
{| class="wikitable"
! Per 1 !! colspan="5" | Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|2}} || {{icon|copper plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} || {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|7}} || {{icon|copper plate|2.5}} || {{icon|coal|5}} || || {{icon|stone|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|12}} || {{icon|copper plate|7.5}} || {{icon|coal|1.5}} || {{icon|crude oil|38.46}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|52.5}} || {{icon|copper plate|19.17}} || {{icon|coal|3.33}} || {{icon|crude oil|68.38}} || {{icon|stone|11.67}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|33.33}} || {{icon|copper plate|49.83}} || {{icon|coal|3.83}} || {{icon|crude oil|106.84}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|57.54}}    || {{icon|copper plate|101.79}} || {{icon|coal|9.95}}    || {{icon|crude oil|306.92}}
|}

==Creating science packs==
The science packs and research are meant to guide players through the game by gradually increasing in complexity. At first the player has to create automation science packs by hand to research automation. Then the next goal is to create automation and logistic science automatically and to automatically feed the science packs into labs. These science packs allow research of most of the basic technologies.

If needed due to [[enemies]], the next step is to create military science packs to allow unlock higher tier combat-oriented products. Unlike previous science packs, military science produces two packs per crafting cycle versus just one per cycle from automation/logistic.

Following military science, chemical science packs should be created. This science pack incorporates a new 'raw' intermediary - [[plastic bar]]s necessitate the need to harvest and process [[crude oil]].

After chemical science, production science packs are next. Production science packs are a fair jump in complexity, as the required products have quite a few different intermediaries. Production packs yield three packs per crafting cycle.

The final stage of automated research pack creation is utility science pack. Utility sciences packs are the most complex packs to make, requiring a large chain of intermediate products. Utility science packs, like previous production science packs, yield three packs per crafting cycle.

Space science packs are yielded from launching satellites via rocket, and thus are difficult to automate effectively without massive resource-hungry bases. Unlike other science packs, space science packs are exclusively used to research repeating/infinite technologies - such as mining productivity or gun turret damage.

The ratio needed to keep science production in sync is 5:6:5:12:7:7, or:
* 5 Automation science pack assemblers
* 6 Logistic science pack assemblers
* 5 Military science pack assemblers
* 12 Chemical science pack assemblers
* 7 Production science pack assemblers
* 7 Utility science pack assemblers

The list above assumes that all science packs are being produced by the same tier of assembling machine. For example, if using plain [[assembling machine 3]] then packs will be produced at 75 items per minute.

==[[Space Age]]{{SA}} Science Packs==
The Space Age expansion adds five new types of science packs, and changes the recipe for [[space science pack]]. Each is only able to be crafted on a specific planet or a [[space platform]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Crafted on !! Made in !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Space platform hub}} || {{icon|assembling machine}} {{icon|assembling machine 2}} {{icon|assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|Time|15}} + {{icon|carbon|1}} + {{icon|ice|1}} + {{icon|iron plate|2}} → {{icon|Space science pack|5}} || {{icon|Time|15}} + {{icon|carbon|1}} + {{icon|ice|1}} + {{icon|iron plate|2}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Metallurgic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Vulcanus}} || {{icon|Foundry}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|molten copper|200}} + {{icon|tungsten carbide|3}} + {{icon|tungsten plate|2}} → {{icon|Metallurgic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|molten copper|200}} + {{icon|tungsten carbide|3}} + {{icon|tungsten plate|2}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Electromagnetic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Fulgora}} || {{icon|Electromagnetic plant}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Accumulator|1}} + {{icon|Electrolyte|25}} + {{icon|Holmium solution|25}} + {{icon|Supercapacitor|1}} → {{icon|Electromagnetic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Accumulator|1}} + {{icon|Electrolyte|25}} + {{icon|Holmium solution|25}} + {{icon|Supercapacitor|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Agricultural science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Gleba}} || {{icon|Biochamber}} || {{icon|Time|4}} + {{icon|Bioflux|1}} + {{icon|Pentapod egg|1}} → {{icon|Agricultural science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|4}} + {{icon|Bioflux|1}} + {{icon|Pentapod egg|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Aquilo}} || {{icon|Cryogenic plant}} || {{icon|Time|20}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (cold)|6}} + {{icon|Ice|3}} + {{icon|Lithium plate|1}} → {{icon|Cryogenic science pack|1}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (hot)|3}} || {{icon|Time|20}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (cold)|6}} + {{icon|Ice|3}} + {{icon|Lithium plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Promethium science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Space platform hub}} || {{icon|Cryogenic plant}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|Biter egg|10}} + {{icon|Promethium asteroid chunk|25}} + {{icon|Quantum processor|1}} → {{icon|promethium science pack|10}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|Biter egg|10}} + {{icon|Promethium asteroid chunk|25}} + {{icon|Quantum processor|1}}
|}

Note that Agricultural science packs are subject to [[Spoilage mechanics|spoilage]]. Their freshness also reduces their science value.

==[[Productivity module]] vs [[Quality module]] {{SA}}==

Quality science pack decreases science pack drain, while production science outputs additional science packs from the same amount of input. Assuming that you are only using common ingredients and a single 1 tier module, and that all quality levels have been researched:

=== [[Quality module|Quality module:]] ===
* '''0.9%''' chance to create at least 1 uncommon science pack, which lasts '''100%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 2 science packs).
* '''0.09%''' chance to create 1 rare science pack, which lasts '''200%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 3 science packs).
* '''0.009%''' chance to create 1 epic science pack, which lasts '''300%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 4 science packs).
* '''0.001%''' chance to create 1 legendary science pack, which lasts '''500%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 6 science packs).

Overall, this represents approximately '''1.1112%''' extra science for the same number of inputs.

=== [[Productivity module|Productivity module:]] ===
* '''1''' extra product every '''25''' normal products.

This provides approximately '''4%''' extra science for the same number of inputs.

=== Comparison ===

* Productivity is more resource efficient, as it provides more science progress for the same amount of resources.
* Quality is more space/rocket efficient, as higher quality packs take up the same amount of space.
* Quality has a special effect on Agricultural science packs, as quality increases their spoil time. This means that a higher quality pack will not only have more science value, it will lose less of that value over the same time period as a lower one.
* In situations where the [[foundry]] isn't being used for casting copper or iron, inserting quality modules in mining drills and utilizing quality ores for making ingredients for science packs can be more resource-efficient if the bonus from mining productivity research exceeds +300%. This is much slower than using [[speed module]]s (which are antagonistic to quality), and requires designing a base around handling multiple quality levels.
** Casting metals with foundries is not compatible with this strategy, as ores are turned into molten metal which, as a fluid, doesn't retain quality. With productivity modules, foundries are more resource-efficient and faster for processing metals for science packs than furnaces smelting quality ores, but this requires importing [[calcite]], as neither [[Nauvis]] or [[Gleba]] (the two planets that commonly produce ores) have this as a local resource.

Do note that quality modules cannot be combined with [[speed module]]s or speed [[beacon]]s for smaller builds, while productivity modules can.

==See also==
* [[Research]]

{{C|Science packs}}

Promethium science pack

2025-01-22T07:50:13Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Promethium science pack}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Promethium science pack''' is an end-game science pack. It is used in [[lab]]s to [[research]] [[technologies]].

Unlike most science packs, the promethium science pack is only used for one technology, that being [[research productivity (research)|research productivity]]. However, this is an infinite research, and since it directly makes all technologies easier to research, promethium science packs are indirectly useful for technologies other than research productivity.

== Achievements ==
Crafting this science pack is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-promethium}}

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Space science pack

2025-01-22T07:49:53Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Space science pack}}
The '''space science pack''' is a [[science pack]]. It is used in [[lab]]s to [[research]] [[technologies]]. Unlike the other science packs, the space science pack has two different sources, depending if one is playing with [[Space Age]]{{SA}} or not.

In the base game, space science is an end-game science pack and is not directly craftable. Instead, it is obtained by launching a rocket from a [[rocket silo]] equipped with a [[satellite]]. 1000 space science packs are delivered to the [[cargo landing pad]] each time a rocket with a satellite is launched. A cargo landing pad must be built somewhere on the map for a rocket to launch. Space science packs are used in all [[Technologies#Infinite_technologies|infinite technologies]].

In Space Age, space science is a mid-game science pack. It must be crafted on a [[space platform]]{{SA}}, and is unlocked after placing an [[asteroid collector]]{{SA}} somewhere on the platform. Space science packs are needed for all subsequent technologies.

== Achievements ==
Crafting this science pack is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-space}}

==Costs==
The following shows the minimum items required to produce 1000 space science packs in the base game. It is calculated using a single rocket silo with no modules or beacons. The crafting of some intermediate products is not shown (due to the assumption that these items are available in large quantities within the factory).

{| class="wikitable"
! 1 rocket and satellite cost giving 1000 packs
|-
|
{|
|-
|colspan="10"| {{Icon|Rocket part|100}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Low density structure|1k}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Rocket fuel|1k}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{icon|Processing unit|1k}}
|-
|colspan="10"| {{icon|Satellite|1}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{icon|Low density structure|100}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{icon|Solar panel|100}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{icon|Accumulator|100}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{icon|Radar|5}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{icon|Processing unit|100}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{icon|Rocket fuel|50}}
|-
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
||
|}
|}

===Total raw costs===
{| class="wikitable"
! !! Recipe per 1000 packs !! Recipe per 1 pack
|-
| {{icon|Iron plate}} || 28725 || 28.7
|-
| {{icon|Copper plate}} || 69288 || 69.3
|-
| {{icon|Steel plate}} || 2700 || 2.7
|-
| {{icon|Plastic bar}} || 9900 || 9.9
|-
| {{icon|Solid fuel}} || 10500 || 10.5
|-
| {{icon|Sulfuric acid}} || 15500 || 15.5
|-
|}

== Trivia ==
* Prior to [[version history/2.0.0#2.0.7|2.0]], space science could be launched in the [[rocket silo]], which would return [[raw fish]] at a 1:1 ratio, up to a maximum of 100 fish per launch.

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Launching space science pack into space no longer returns fish as there is now an other method to automate obtaining fish.}}

{{history|1.0.0|
* Launching a rocket with space science packs inside now returns raw fish (not documented)}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Utility science pack

2025-01-22T07:49:26Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}{{:Infobox:Utility science pack}}
The '''Utility science pack''' is one of three late-game [[science pack]]s, the other two being the [[production science pack]], and the [[space science pack]].

== Achievements ==
Crafting this science pack is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-utility}}

== Ratio ==
The following shows the minimum ratio of assemblers/machines and items required to produce utility science packs such that all number of assemblers/machines are whole numbers. Items per min is calculated using [[assembling machine 3]] with no [[module]]s or [[beacon]]s and all assemblers running at full speed. The crafting of some intermediate products are not shown (due to the assumption that these items are available in large quantities within the factory). This table was produced using normal recipe difficulty.

{| class="wikitable"
! Items/min
|-
|
{|
|-
|colspan="10"| {{Icon|Utility science pack|225}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|21}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Flying robot frame|75}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|20}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Battery|150}} using {{Icon|Chemical plant|10}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|150}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Copper plate|150}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Sulfuric acid|3000}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Electric engine unit|75}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|10}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Engine unit|75}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|10}}
|-
| || || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Pipe|150}}
|-
| || || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron gear wheel|75}}
|-
| || || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Steel plate|75}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Electronic circuit|150}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Lubricant|1125}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Electronic circuit|225}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Steel plate|75}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Low density structure|225}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|60}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Steel plate|450}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Copper plate|4500}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Plastic bar|1125}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Processing unit|150}}
|-
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
||
|}
|}

== Raw Components ==
This section counts the total '''raw''' resource cost for a single science pack, excluding productivity, assuming that [[Advanced oil processing]] is utilized:
{{Icon|Iron plate|33.3}}
{{Icon|Copper plate|49.8}}
{{Icon|Coal|3.8}}
{{Icon|Crude oil|106.8}}
{{Icon|Water|176.4}}

== History ==
{{history|0.17.0|
* Changed name from "High tech science pack" to "Utility science pack".
* Changed recipe to 21 [[Time]] + 1 [[Flying robot frame]] + 3 [[Low density structure]] + 2 [[Processing unit]] → 3 [[Utility science pack]]. (Previously 14 [[Time]] + 1 [[Battery]] + 30 [[Copper cable]] + 3 [[Processing unit]] + 1 [[Speed module]] → 2 [[Utility science pack]].)
}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Introduced.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Production science pack

2025-01-22T07:47:52Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}{{:Infobox:Production science pack}}

The '''Production science pack''' is one of the three late-game [[science pack]]s in the base game, the other two being the [[utility science pack]], and the [[space science pack]].

== Achievements ==
Crafting this science pack is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-production}}

== Ratio ==

The following shows the minimum ratio of assemblers/machines and items required to produce production science pack such that all number of assemblers/machines are whole numbers. Items per min is calculated using [[assembling machine 3]] with no [[module]]s or [[beacon]]s and all assemblers running at full speed. The crafting of some intermediate products are not shown (due to the assumption that these items are available in large quantities within the factory). This table was produced using normal recipe difficulty.

{| class="wikitable"
! Items/min
|-
|
{|
|-
|colspan="10"| {{Icon|Production science pack|450}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|42}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Electric furnace|150}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|10}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Steel plate|1500}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Stone brick|1500}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Advanced circuit|750}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Rail|4500}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|15}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Steel plate|2250}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron stick|2250}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|1125}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Stone|2250}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Productivity module|150}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|30}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Electronic circuit|750}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Advanced circuit|750}}
|-
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
||
|}
|}

== Raw Costs ==
This section counts the total '''raw''' resource cost for a single science pack, excluding productivity, assuming both that [[Advanced oil processing]] is utilized and all oil products are cracked down into [[petroleum gas]]:
{{Icon|Iron plate|52.5}}
{{Icon|Copper plate|19.2}}
{{Icon|Coal|3.3}}
{{Icon|Crude oil|68.4}}
{{Icon|Water|83.8}}
{{Icon|Stone|11.7}}
== History ==

{{history|0.17.0|
* Changed recipe to 21 [[Time]] + 1 [[Electric furnace]] + 1 [[Productivity module]] + 30 [[Rail]]s → 3 [[Production science pack]]s. (Previously 14 [[Time]] + 1 [[Electric furnace]] + 1 [[Electric engine unit]] → 2 [[Production science pack]]s.)
}}

{{history|0.16.0|
* Changed production science pack recipe to no longer require assembling machine 1.
}}

{{history|0.15.7|
* Changed production science pack recipe to require [[assembling machine 1]] instead of [[pumpjack]].
}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Introduced.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Chemical science pack

2025-01-22T07:47:18Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Chemical science pack}}

'''Chemical science pack''' (also referred to as "blue science") is the third tier of [[science pack]]. It is used in [[lab]]s to [[research]] advanced [[technologies]].

== Achievements ==
Crafting this science pack is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-chemicals}}

== Ratio ==

The following shows the minimum ratio of assemblers/machines and items required to produce chemical science packs such that all number of assemblers/machines are whole numbers. Items per min is calculated using [[assembling machine 3]] with no [[module]]s or [[beacon]]s and all assemblers running at full speed. The crafting of some intermediate products are not shown (due to the assumption that these items are available in large quantities within the factory). This table was produced using normal recipe difficulty.

{| class="wikitable"
! Items/min
|-
|
{|
|-
|colspan="10"| {{Icon|Chemical science pack|1200}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|192}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Advanced circuit|1800}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Engine unit|1200}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|160}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Steel plate|1200}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron gear wheel|1200}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|8}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|2400}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Pipe|2400}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|16}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|2400}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Sulfur|600}} using {{Icon|Chemical plant|5}}
|-
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
||
|}
|}

== History ==

{{history|0.17.60|
* Chemical science pack requires Sulfur instead of Solid fuel.
}}

{{history|0.17.0|
* Changed name from "Science pack 3" to "Chemical science pack".
* Recipe changed to 3 [[Advanced circuit]]s + 2 [[Engine unit]]s + 1 [[Solid fuel]] → 2 [[Chemical science pack]]. (Previously 1 [[Advanced circuit]] + 1 [[Engine unit]] + 1 [[Electric mining drill]] → 1 [[Science pack 3]]).
}}

{{history|0.15.7|
* Changed Science pack 3 to require [[Electric mining drill]] instead of [[Assembling machine 1]].
}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Recipe changed to [[Assembling machine 1]] + [[Advanced circuit]] + [[Engine unit]] → Science pack 3. (Previously [[Battery]] + [[Plastic bar]] + [[Filter inserter]] + [[Advanced circuit]] → [[Science pack 3]].)
}}

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Military science pack

2025-01-22T07:46:52Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}{{:Infobox:Military science pack}}
The '''Military science pack''' is one of the four early game [[science pack]]s, the other three being the [[automation science pack]], the [[logistic science pack]], and the [[chemical science pack]].
It is used for [[research]] that allows the player to advance their military strength through the entire game, unlocking more bullet choices, gun choices, turrets, etc. It is the only type of science pack that is optional, in that it is not required to launch a rocket.

== Achievements ==
Crafting this science pack is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-military}}

== Ratio ==

The following shows the minimum ratio of assemblers/machines and items required to produce military science pack such that all number of assemblers/machines are whole numbers. Items per min is calculated using [[assembling machine 3]] with no [[module]]s or [[beacon]]s and all assemblers running at full speed. The crafting of some intermediate products are not shown (due to the assumption that these items are available in large quantities within the factory). This table was produced using normal recipe difficulty.

{| class="wikitable"
! Items/min
|-
|
{|
|-
|colspan="10"| {{Icon|Military science pack|150}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|10}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Piercing rounds magazine|75}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|3}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Firearm magazine|75}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|1}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|300}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Steel plate|75}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Copper plate|375}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Grenade|75}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|8}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Coal|750}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|375}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Wall|150}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|1}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Stone brick|750}}
|-
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
||
|}
|}

== History ==

{{history|0.17.0|
* Recipe changed to require [[Wall]]s instead of [[Gun turret]].
}}

{{history|0.15.0|
* Introduced.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Logistic science pack

2025-01-22T07:46:34Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Logistic science pack}}

'''Logistic science pack''' (also referred to as "green science") is the second tier of [[science pack]]. It is used in [[lab]]s to [[research]] [[technologies]].

== Achievements ==
Crafting this science pack is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-logistics}}

== Ratio ==

The following shows the minimum ratio of assemblers/machines and items required to produce logistic science packs such that all number of assemblers/machines are whole numbers. Items per min is calculated using [[assembling machine 3]] with no [[module]]s or [[beacon]]s and all assemblers running at full speed. The crafting of some intermediate products are not shown (due to the assumption that these items are available in large quantities within the factory). This table was produced using normal recipe difficulty.

{| class="wikitable"
! Items/min
|-
|
{|
|-
|colspan="10"| {{Icon|Logistic science pack|300}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|24}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Inserter|300}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|2}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|300}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron gear wheel|300}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|2}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|600}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Electronic circuit|300}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Transport belt|300}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|1}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|150}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron gear wheel|150}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|1}}
|-
| || || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|300}}
|-
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
||
|}
|}

== History ==
{{history|0.17.0|
* Renamed from "Science pack 2" to "Logistic science pack"}}

{{history|0.2.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Automation science pack

2025-01-22T07:46:10Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Automation science pack}}

'''Automation science pack''' (also referred to as "red science") is the first tier of [[science pack]]. It is used in [[lab]]s to [[research]] [[technologies]].

== Achievements ==
Crafting this science pack is directly related to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-automation}}

== Ratio ==

The following shows the minimum ratio of assemblers/machines and items required to produce automation science packs such that all number of assemblers/machines are whole numbers. Items per minute is calculated using [[assembling machine 3]] with no [[module]]s or [[beacon]]s and all assemblers running at full speed. The crafting of some intermediate products are not shown (due to the assumption that these items are available in large quantities within the factory). This table was produced using normal recipe difficulty.

{| class="wikitable"
! Items/min
|-
|
{|
|-
|colspan="10"| {{Icon|Automation science pack|150}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|10}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Copper plate|150}}
|-
| ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron gear wheel|150}} using {{Icon|Assembling machine 3|1}}
|-
| || ||colspan="10"| {{Icon|Iron plate|300}}
|-
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
|style="width:40px;"|
||
|}
|}

== History ==
{{history|0.17.0|
* Renamed from "Science pack 1" to "Automation science pack"}}

{{history|0.2.0|
* Introduced}}

== See also ==
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Science pack

2025-01-22T07:44:48Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
Science packs are items which are required by [[lab]]s to perform [[research]]. Researching technologies requires a certain number of different types of science packs, which is then multiplied by a certain value to get the tech cost. For example, [[Physical projectile damage (research)|Physical projectile damage 3]] requires one automation science pack and one logistic science pack and one military science pack to begin researching, but it needs this to be input into labs a total of 300 times, raising the research cost to 300 automation science packs, 300 logistic science packs and 300 military science packs.

== Achievements ==
Creating science packs is directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-automation}}
{{Achievement|research-with-logistics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-chemicals}}
{{Achievement|research-with-military}}
{{Achievement|research-with-production}}
{{Achievement|research-with-utility}}
{{Achievement|research-with-metallurgics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-electromagnetics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-agriculture}}
{{Achievement|research-with-cryogenics}}
{{Achievement|research-with-promethium}}

==Base Game Science Packs==
{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|copper plate|1}} + {{icon|iron gear wheel|1}} → {{icon|Automation science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|5.5}} {{icon|iron plate|2}} {{icon|copper plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|Time|6}} + {{icon|Transport belt|1}} + {{icon|Inserter|1}} → {{icon|Logistic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|8.75}} {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Piercing rounds magazine|1}} + {{icon|Grenade|1}} + {{Icon|Wall|2}} → {{icon|Military science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|23}} {{icon|Iron plate|9}} {{icon|Copper plate|5}} {{icon|Steel plate|1}} {{icon|Coal|10}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|Time|24}} + {{icon|Sulfur|1}} + {{icon|Advanced circuit|3}} + {{icon|Engine unit|2}} → {{icon|Chemical science pack|2}} || {{icon|Time|52.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|6}} {{icon|Copper plate|15}} {{icon|Engine unit|2}} {{icon|Plastic bar|6}} {{icon|Sulfur|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Rail|30}} + {{icon|Electric furnace|1}} + {{icon|Productivity module|1}} → {{icon|Production science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|153.5}} {{icon|Iron plate|32.5}} {{icon|Copper plate|57.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|25}} {{icon|Plastic bar|20}} {{icon|Stone|15}} {{icon|Stone brick|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|Time|21}} + {{icon|Processing unit|2}} + {{icon|Flying robot frame|1}} + {{icon|Low density structure|3}} → {{icon|Utility science pack|3}} || {{icon|Time|104.75}} {{icon|Iron plate|3}} {{icon|Copper plate|64.5}} {{icon|Steel plate|7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|15}} {{icon|Battery|2}} {{icon|Processing unit|2}} {{icon|Electric engine unit|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|Space science pack|1000}} per launched {{icon|Satellite}} || {{icon|Time|300}} {{icon|Iron plate|43.7}} {{icon|Copper plate|101.8}} {{icon|Steel plate|2.7}} {{icon|Plastic bar|19.9}} {{icon|Solid fuel|10.5}} {{icon|Sulfuric acid|15.5}}
|}


Or, broken down into the most basic components:
{| class="wikitable"
! Per 1 !! colspan="5" | Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Automation science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|2}} || {{icon|copper plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Logistic science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|5.5}} || {{icon|copper plate|1.5}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Military science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|7}} || {{icon|copper plate|2.5}} || {{icon|coal|5}} || || {{icon|stone|10}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Chemical science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|12}} || {{icon|copper plate|7.5}} || {{icon|coal|1.5}} || {{icon|crude oil|38.46}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Production science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|52.5}} || {{icon|copper plate|19.17}} || {{icon|coal|3.33}} || {{icon|crude oil|68.38}} || {{icon|stone|11.67}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Utility science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|33.33}} || {{icon|copper plate|49.83}} || {{icon|coal|3.83}} || {{icon|crude oil|106.84}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack}} || {{icon|iron plate|57.54}}    || {{icon|copper plate|101.79}} || {{icon|coal|9.95}}    || {{icon|crude oil|306.92}}
|}

==Creating science packs==
The science packs and research are meant to guide players through the game by gradually increasing in complexity. At first the player has to create automation science packs by hand to research automation. Then the next goal is to create automation and logistic science automatically and to automatically feed the science packs into labs. These science packs allow research of most of the basic technologies.

If needed due to [[enemies]], the next step is to create military science packs to allow unlock higher tier combat-oriented products. Unlike previous science packs, military science produces two packs per crafting cycle versus just one per cycle from automation/logistic.

Following military science, chemical science packs should be created. This science pack incorporates a new 'raw' intermediary - [[plastic bar]]s necessitate the need to harvest and process [[crude oil]].

After chemical science, production science packs are next. Production science packs are a fair jump in complexity, as the required products have quite a few different intermediaries. Production packs yield three packs per crafting cycle.

The final stage of automated research pack creation is utility science pack. Utility sciences packs are the most complex packs to make, requiring a large chain of intermediate products. Utility science packs, like previous production science packs, yield three packs per crafting cycle.

Space science packs are yielded from launching satellites via rocket, and thus are difficult to automate effectively without massive resource-hungry bases. Unlike other science packs, space science packs are exclusively used to research repeating/infinite technologies - such as mining productivity or gun turret damage.

The ratio needed to keep science production in sync is 5:6:5:12:7:7, or:
* 5 Automation science pack assemblers
* 6 Logistic science pack assemblers
* 5 Military science pack assemblers
* 12 Chemical science pack assemblers
* 7 Production science pack assemblers
* 7 Utility science pack assemblers

The list above assumes that all science packs are being produced by the same tier of assembling machine. For example, if using plain [[assembling machine 3]] then packs will be produced at 75 items per minute.

==[[Space Age]]{{SA}} Science Packs==
The Space Age expansion adds five new types of science packs, and changes the recipe for [[space science pack]]. Each is only able to be crafted on a specific planet or a [[space platform]]{{SA}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Crafted on !! Made in !! Recipe !! Total raw
|-
| {{imagelink|Space science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Space platform hub}} || {{icon|assembling machine}} {{icon|assembling machine 2}} {{icon|assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|Time|15}} + {{icon|carbon|1}} + {{icon|ice|1}} + {{icon|iron plate|2}} → {{icon|Space science pack|5}} || {{icon|Time|15}} + {{icon|carbon|1}} + {{icon|ice|1}} + {{icon|iron plate|2}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Metallurgic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Vulcanus}} || {{icon|Foundry}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|molten copper|200}} + {{icon|tungsten carbide|3}} + {{icon|tungsten plate|2}} → {{icon|Metallurgic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|molten copper|200}} + {{icon|tungsten carbide|3}} + {{icon|tungsten plate|2}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Electromagnetic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Fulgora}} || {{icon|Electromagnetic plant}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Accumulator|1}} + {{icon|Electrolyte|25}} + {{icon|Holmium solution|25}} + {{icon|Supercapacitor|1}} → {{icon|Electromagnetic science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|10}} + {{icon|Accumulator|1}} + {{icon|Electrolyte|25}} + {{icon|Holmium solution|25}} + {{icon|Supercapacitor|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Agricultural science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Gleba}} || {{icon|Biochamber}} || {{icon|Time|4}} + {{icon|Bioflux|1}} + {{icon|Pentapod egg|1}} → {{icon|Agricultural science pack|1}} || {{icon|Time|4}} + {{icon|Bioflux|1}} + {{icon|Pentapod egg|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Cryogenic science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Aquilo}} || {{icon|Cryogenic plant}} || {{icon|Time|20}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (cold)|6}} + {{icon|Ice|3}} + {{icon|Lithium plate|1}} → {{icon|Cryogenic science pack|1}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (hot)|3}} || {{icon|Time|20}} + {{icon|Fluoroketone (cold)|6}} + {{icon|Ice|3}} + {{icon|Lithium plate|1}}
|-
| {{imagelink|Promethium science pack|space-age=yes}} || {{icon|Space platform hub}} || {{icon|Cryogenic plant}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|Biter egg|10}} + {{icon|Promethium asteroid chunk|25}} + {{icon|Quantum processor|1}} → {{icon|promethium science pack|10}} || {{icon|Time|5}} + {{icon|Biter egg|10}} + {{icon|Promethium asteroid chunk|25}} + {{icon|Quantum processor|1}}
|}

Note that Agricultural science packs are subject to [[Spoilage mechanics|spoilage]]. Their freshness also reduces their science value.

==[[Productivity module]] vs [[Quality module]] {{SA}}==

Quality science pack decreases science pack drain, while production science outputs additional science packs from the same amount of input. Assuming that you are only using common ingredients and a single 1 tier module, and that all quality levels have been researched:

=== [[Quality module|Quality module:]] ===
* '''0.9%''' chance to create at least 1 uncommon science pack, which lasts '''100%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 2 science packs).
* '''0.09%''' chance to create 1 rare science pack, which lasts '''200%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 3 science packs).
* '''0.009%''' chance to create 1 epic science pack, which lasts '''300%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 4 science packs).
* '''0.001%''' chance to create 1 legendary science pack, which lasts '''500%''' longer than normal (equivalent of 6 science packs).

Overall, this represents approximately '''1.1112%''' extra science for the same number of inputs.

=== [[Productivity module|Productivity module:]] ===
* '''1''' extra product every '''25''' normal products.

This provides approximately '''4%''' extra science for the same number of inputs.

=== Comparison ===

* Productivity is more resource efficient, as it provides more science progress for the same amount of resources.
* Quality is more space/rocket efficient, as higher quality packs take up the same amount of space.
* Quality has a special effect on Agricultural science packs, as quality increases their spoil time. This means that a higher quality pack will not only have more science value, it will lose less of that value over the same time period as a lower one.
* In situations where the [[foundry]] isn't being used for casting copper or iron, inserting quality modules in mining drills and utilizing quality ores for making ingredients for science packs can be more resource-efficient if the bonus from mining productivity research exceeds +300%. This is much slower than using [[speed module]]s (which are antagonistic to quality), and requires designing a base around handling multiple quality levels.
** Casting metals with foundries is not compatible with this strategy, as ores are turned into molten metal which, as a fluid, doesn't retain quality. With productivity modules, foundries are more resource-efficient and faster for processing metals for science packs than furnaces smelting quality ores, but this requires importing [[calcite]], as neither [[Nauvis]] or [[Gleba]] (the two planets that commonly produce ores) have this as a local resource.

Do note that quality modules cannot be combined with [[speed module]]s or speed [[beacon]]s for smaller builds, while productivity modules can.

==See also==
* [[Research]]

{{C|Science packs}}

Cryogenic science pack

2025-01-22T07:39:21Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Cryogenic science pack}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Cryogenic science pack''' is an [[Aquilo]]{{SA}} science pack. It is used in [[lab]]s to [[research]] [[technologies]].

== Achievements ==
Creating this science pack is directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-cryogenics}}

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Aquilo]]{{SA}}
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Metallurgic science pack

2025-01-22T07:36:32Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Metallurgic science pack}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Metallurgic science pack''' is a [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}} science pack. It is used in [[lab]]s to [[research]] [[technologies]].

== Achievements ==
Creating this science pack is directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-metallurgics}}

== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Vulcanus]]{{SA}}
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}

Agricultural science pack

2025-01-22T07:35:24Z

Iridium235: Added achievements

{{Languages}}
{{:Infobox:Agricultural science pack}}
{{Stub}}
{{About/Space age}}
'''Agricultural science pack''' is a [[Gleba]]{{SA}} science pack. It is used in [[lab]]s to [[research]] [[technologies]].

The agricultural science pack does spoil, which will gradually decrease its research value, so the player is incentivized to build a fast space platform to bring them back to Nauvis. The spoil time also scales with [[quality]].

== Achievements ==
Creating this science pack is directly connected to the following achievements:
{{Achievement|research-with-agriculture}}


== History ==
{{history|2.0.7|
* Introduced in [[Space Age]]{{SA}} expansion.
}}

== See also ==
* [[Gleba]]{{SA}}
* [[Research]]
* [[Science pack]]
* [[Technologies]]

{{IntermediateNav}}
{{C|Science packs}}